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Topic: Nature versus nurture

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Nature (innate)

Nurture

Human nature

Twin study

Genetics and sexual orientation

Free will and determinism

Heritability

Race and intelligence

Intelligence quotient

Homosexuality and transgender

Intelligence (trait)

Language acquisition

Causes of sexual orientation

Sexual orientation

	Nature vs Nurture - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Nature vs. Nurture, theoretical debate over what portion of behavior or perception is learned and what portion an organism is born with.
		Few topics in the social sciences have produced more controversy than the relative influences of nature and nurture on intelligence.
		Scholars have long debated the relative importance of nature (hereditary influences) and nurture (environmental influences) in child development.
	encarta.msn.com /Nature_vs_Nurture.html (207 words)

	Wikinfo \| Nature
		Nature is sometimes understood in the broad sense of the universe and all its phenomena, but a distinction is often drawn between the "natural" and the "artificial".
		The boundary between the natural and the artificial, is a difficult one to draw, leading to ambiguities which animate much of art, literature and philosophy, and which echo those of the closely related mind-body problem.
		Natural theology straddles the disciplines of theology and philosophy of religion.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=nature (443 words)

	Charles Horton Cooley: "Nature versus Nurture" In the Makeing of Social Careers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The union of nature and nurture is not one of addition or mixture, but of growth, whereby the elements are altogether transformed into a new organic whole.
		One's nature acts selectively upon the environment, assimilating materials proper to itself ; while at the same time the environment moulds the nature, and habits are formed which make the individual independent, in some degree, of changes in either.
		It is the nature of these faculties to conform the conduct and opinions of the individual to the standards of the society in which he lives, without any reference whatever to the absolute ethical value of those standards.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Cooley/Cooley_1896.html (2535 words)

	Nature versus Nurture in Twins
		Nature versus nurture has been a continuing debate and is far from being settled.
		Although the Bruce and Brian case helped to explain some of the nature versus nurture controversy, the best way to tell the effects of nature versus nurture without destroying a child’s life, is in twins that have been reared apart and raised in two separate environments.
		Nature and nurture are both important to a person and both affect what it means to be human, but through these studies it shows that nature has a tendency to over rule nurture.
	web.pdx.edu /~megr/communication_naturevsnurture.htm (2530 words)

	ReadingParents.com - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The nature vs. nurture debate is one of the biggest debated issues in the child development theory.
		Nurture theorist feel that children learn as they grow and develop their personalities based on what they have learned throughout their life or the environment that they were raised in.
		Nurture is the basis for figuring out the question of why we become who we are.
	www.readingparents.com /articles/NatureversusNurture.php (1150 words)

	Nature versus nurture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nature vs Nurture is a shorthand expression for debates about the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities ("nature") versus personal experiences ("nurture") in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits.
		Phrase nature vs. nurture was first used by 50 cent, possibly an allusion to the words of Shakespeare's Prospero in reference to Caliban -A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick (from The Tempest).
		Nurture - Although "nurture" has historically been referred to as the care given to children by their parents, in particular their mother, it is now widely regarded as any environmental (not genetic) factor in the contemporary nature versus nurture debate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nature_versus_nurture (2604 words)

	What's Not in Your Genes - The New York Review of Books
		By recasting a century of confused talk about nature and nurture, the study of the genome will likely revolutionize our understanding of "what makes us human." We will be forced "to abandon cherished notions" and biologists may even be obliged to redefine the gene.
		Somehow the adherents of the "nurture" side of the argument have scared themselves silly at the power and inevitability of genes and missed the greatest lesson of all: the genes are on their side.
		Because the question of nature versus nurture concerns the quantitative effects of inherited differences among individuals, it is statistical; because Ridley's answer concerns the molecular behavior of genes within individuals, it is mechanistic.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/16522 (4352 words)

	Mat Bowles - Nature versus nurture
		If nurture were all that mattered, you'd expect biological parents' education to have no effect on the outcomes of adopted children.
		However, that said, commonsense demands that nurture and personal choice must also play a role - after all, someone sat in a dark room for their whole life is never going to learn enough to be a genius, no matter how much innate potential they may possess.
		It is itself a form of nurture- it's like saying if you cut off a mouse's tail, genetics says its children chould be born without tails.
	matgb.livejournal.com /185485.html (2215 words)

	Nurture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nurture is usually defined as the process of caring for and teaching a child as the child grows.
		Often, it is used in debates as the opposite of "nature" (see nature versus nurture), whereby nurture means the process of replicating learned cultural information from one mind to another, and nature means the replication of genetic non-learned behavior.
		Nurture is important in the nature-nurture debate as this would decide the final outcome of the origins of most of humanity's behaviours.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nurture (138 words)

	THE GREAT NATURE-NURTURE DEBATE
		But the word natural in the sense that I have just been using it has nothing to do with morality, and it is the moral sense in which Paul uses natural in Romans 1.
		Natural may refer to something that happens repeatedly in nature -- that is, in the world -- in which case we assign no moral judgment to it.
		The upshot is that in the case of both male and female homosexuals, the problem of nurture may involve a difficulty in reconciliation with maleness.
	www.messiah.edu /hpages/facstaff/chase/h/articles/schmidt/index.htm (10022 words)

	Nature vs Nurture in Sports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The nature versus nurture issue of sport is very controversial.
		If a child is nurtured into a sport at a young age, the child will be more successful in the sport as an adult because they have been playing longer and will have more experience.
		Nurture performs a bigger role in becoming a great athlete than nature does because there are many external factors.
	www.expertfootball.com /training/naturevsnurture.php (1761 words)

	Foreign Affairs - A Natural History of Peace - Robert M. Sapolsky
		"In their nature" thus became "in our nature." This was the humans-as-killer-apes theory popularized by the writer Robert Ardrey, according to which humans have as much chance of becoming intrinsically peaceful as they have of growing prehensile tails.
		The lesson appears to be not that violent primates can transcend their natures, but merely that the natures of these species are subtler and more multifaceted than previously thought.
		The first two studies to show that primates were somewhat independent from their "natures" involved a classic technique in behavioral genetics called cross-fostering.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20060101faessay85110/robert-m-sapolsky/a-natural-history-of-peace.html?mode=print (5555 words)

	Essay: Nature Versus Nurture. - Coursework.Info
		Steven Pemberton Nature Versus Nurture In The Tempest, written by William Shakespeare, there are many themes that are developed throughout the play.
		So a few of the themes that Shakespeare develops in The Tempest are nature versus nurture, prejudice and its effects, and power of the artist.
		Shakespeare's theme of nature versus nurture asks what the determining factors in someone's development are.
	www.coursework.info /By_Subject/Sociology/Nature_Versus_Nurture_L53926.html (248 words)

	TPM Online Article
		While it is safe to say that humans have always investigated their own nature and have certainly done so since the onset of Greek philosophy, modern positions on the issue of nature/nurture may more or less clearly be traced to the works of two English philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.
		Of course, modern philosophers and scientists readily acknowledge that human traits are in fact the result of both nature and nurture, but they are usually also quick to add that one of these two components takes precedence.
		The trick then, is not in partitioning causes between nature and nurture, but in what is technically known as 'genotype-environment interactions', the way genes and environments interact dialectically to generate an organism's appearance and behaviour.
	www.philosophersnet.com /magazine/article.php?id=584 (1602 words)

	NATURE VERSUS NURTURE - Jud Evans - DETERMINISM - ELIMINATIVE DETERMINISM - Athenaeum Library of Philosophy
		It is a natural corollary of the theory of eliminative materialism and its challenge to folk psychology.
		For me this illustrated the link between the deterministically provided potential furnished by nature upon those causal objects concerned to attain a genetically and antecedally ascertained certain height, IF they were realised and experientially nurtured with the required protein and vitamins to realise this intrinsic, genetically determined potential.
		After we are born nature nutritionally switches the same genes on and off in different patterns depending upon the addition or absence of certain substances that can be metabolised by the organism to give energy and build tissue whereby the stunted kid is metamorphosed into a strapping, six foot soldier.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /ed_nature_nurture.htm (1903 words)

	Nature Versus Nurture: Gender
		That is, transgender behavior is a natural human variation, and there is no valid reason for discriminating against "non normal" individuals simply because they are uncommon.
		This is standard diversity, and it can be found in all aspects of nature aside from gender and sexuality - from the height and weight of animals and plants to the weather.
		If a naturally cross-gendered person lived with his or her family on a desert island, it is hard to imagine that s/he would seek to change his/her gender role or body.
	etransgender.com /viewtopic.php?t=332 (1901 words)

	AFF's Brainwash :: Chris Roach :: Nature versus Nurture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When conservatives suggest that poor people are poor in America because of their own traits and capacity, and not some injustice of society, we're told we'd be in much the same boat if we were in similar circumstances.
		These outcomes appears to be proof positive that "nature" and one's genetic endowment have a much more significant impact on life outcomes than the independent influence of one's parents' status and wealth.
		Acknowlediging these differences in nature and nurture are not meant to make people feel bad or good.
	www.affbrainwash.com /chrisroach/archives/020402.php (1332 words)

	NaturevNurture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The duality of the female voice is important here because nature gives the feeble female mind the power of a voice which only leads the female to engage in poor sexual behavior.
		As the nature of power dictates, it is the man in control and Pygmalion and Leontes only serve to question the role of rhetoric and sexuality.
		However, the world of art is still unable to conquer the natural world of man. The audience is left with a sense that Leontes has not relinquished complete control to the art before him.
	students.uwsp.edu /tcedo167/naturevnurture.htm (1301 words)

	The Nature Versus Nurture Debate
		For hundreds of years, humans have been plagued with the question "Do we have control over our own destiny or is it preset?" As a way to gain a better understanding of this question, this paper hopes to document and discuss the debates origin and recent conclusion.
		However, what was most important to the Nature versus Nurture debate was the idea that species such as ours could change over time.
		I have no patience with the hypothesis occasionally expressed, and often implied, especially in tales written to teach children to be good, that babies are born pretty much alike and that the sole agencies in creating differences between boy and boy, and man and man, are steady application and moral effort.
	www.coedu.usf.edu /agents/dlewis/publications/naturevsnurture.htm (3399 words)

	Nature and Nurture by Dustin Penn
		One reason for the confusion is that the effects of genes versus the environment can be compared when analyzing differences among individuals, and variation in even the most complex behaviors may be due to genetic differences controlled by one or few genetic loci.
		“Somehow adherents to the ‘nurture’ side of the argument have scared themselves silly at the power and inevitability of genes and missed the greatest lesson of all: genes are on their side” (p.
		The freewill versus determinism debate is another erroneous dichotomy, and it is better to drop the entire notion.
	human-nature.com /nibbs/03/penn.html (2470 words)

	Cloned mules to race in nature v. nurture showdown - Breaking - Technology - smh.com.au
		In a low-stakes mule race in a remote corner of the West, nature versus nurture will be put to the test as two of the horse family's earliest clones challenge naturally bred runners next month in Nevada.
		On Friday, the two cloned mules whinnied and ran like their naturally bred rivals working out with them at a Stockton track.
		Only natural breeding methods are allowed, and club rules explicitly prohibit not only cloning, but also artificial insemination.
	www.smh.com.au /news/Technology/Cloned-mules-to-race-in-nature-v-nurture-showdown/2006/05/25/1148523727104.html (888 words)

	News in Science - Snakes challenge nature vs nurture debate - 17/09/2004
		A study of how the size of snakes' heads change in response to the size of their prey has cast new light on the nature versus nurture debate.
		Research published in the latest issue of the journal Nature described a study of two separate populations of tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus).
		"Natural selection is actually able to make you plastic in ways that are likely to help you change in adaptive ways if you encounter unpredictable situations later on."
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1198091.htm (421 words)

	Amazon.com: Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes Us Human: Books: Matt Ridley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ridley, author of the bestseller Genome, says that not only are nature and nurture not mutually exclusive, but that "genes are designed to take their cue from nurture." Genes are not unchanging little bits of DNA: their expression varies throughout a person's life, often in response to environmental stimuli.
		The environmentalists insist that what nature wires up is a flexible general purpose organism capable of above all learning and being shaped by their environment.
		To support his argument that we are equally products of "nature and nurture," and that therefore Galton's century-old dichotomy is a false one, Ridley has to stretch a bit on the "nurture" side.
	www.amazon.com /Nature-Via-Nurture-Genes-Experience/dp/0060006781 (2918 words)

	Art Interview - Modernism - Nature versus Nurture
		The phrase nature versus nurture was first used by Francis Galtan, possibly in reference to Shakespeare's Caliban - A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick.
		Prior to Modernism, nature was the handiwork of God and that which was natural followed after His decree.
		By nurture, we wonder to what extent cultural and social factors influence the individual versus that which is purely hereditary.
	www.artinterview.com.au /event-articles/modernism-nature-versus-nurture (381 words)

	The Great Debate: Nature versus Nurture, or Science versus Art?
		That nurture has a role in human behaviour is so obvious that one would think that it didn't need to be said.
		Reflections on the Blank Slate Caspar Hewett reports on a talk by John Dupre at the Café Scientifique and on Steven Pinker in conversation with Matt Ridley, International Centre for Life.
		Human Nature and the Limits of Blank Slateism by Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair.
	www.thegreatdebate.org.uk /GDBlankLloydReply.html (2357 words)

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