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Topic: New France

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	New France
		France was a colonial power in North America from the early 16th century, the age of great European discoveries and fishing expeditions, to the early 19th century, when Napoléon Bonaparte sold Louisiana to the US.
		France became interested in the New World later than the other Western Christian powers - England, Spain and Portugal - and after the trips made by Christopher Columbus in 1492, John CABOT in 1497 and the CORTE-REAL brothers in 1501 and 1502.
		France yielded its colony to England in the TREATY OF PARIS (1763).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005701 (2178 words)

	New France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763.
		The government of the colony was reformed along the lines of the government of France, with the Governor General and Intendant subordinate to the Minister of the Marine in France.
		The 1666 census of New France was conducted by France's intendant, Jean Talon, in the winter of 1665-1666.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_France (2377 words)

	The Jesuit Relations and the History of New France
		Most of the Relations written by the Jesuits in New France were published in Paris by Sébastien Cramoisy*.
		The Superior of the missions in New France, Le Jeune had accompanied the French who came to take back Québec, which had been captured by the English three years earlier.
		Publication of these annual accounts continued for forty years, a period when the Jesuits were the leading players of the missionary activity in New France.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /jesuit-relations/index-e.html (366 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: France
		Piety had been for the kings of France, set on their thrones, set on their thrones by the Church of God, as it were a duty belonging to their charge or office; but in the piety of St. Louis there was a note all his own, the note of sanctity.
		France's national heroine was thus heralded by the fancy of her contemporaries, by Christine de Pisan, and by that Venetian merchant whose letters have been preserved for us in the Morosini Chronicle, as a heroine whose aims were as wide as Christianity itself.
		The allowance made by France to the auditor was discontinued in 1882, but the office has survived, and the reorganization of the tribunal of the Rota made by Pope Pius X (September and October 1908) was followed by the appointment of a French auditor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06166a.htm (14216 words)

	A Century of New France: 1663-1763 - Canadian Heritage
		New France yet spread out along the St. Lawrence to the Great Lakes and the northwest beyond; and was linked as well with the new wilderness French realm to be known as Louisiana, that fronted south on the Gulf of Mexico but reached up the Mississippi and Ohio to the Great Lakes country.
		By 1745, the settled population of New France along the St. Lawrence had risen to about 45,000, of whom 4,600 living in the capital and port town of Quebec, and 3 500 in Montreal, the fur-trade headquarters and gateway to the interior.
		New Englanders were outraged; and not at all impressed by the return of Madras to Britain in exchange, a key fortified base in southern India.
	www.canadianheritage.org /books/canada3.htm (10862 words)

	Canada, New France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was one of four colonies making up New France, the others being Acadia, Louisiana and Newfoundland.
		Because the capital of Canada (Quebec City) was also the capital of New France, the terms Canada and New France were often used interchangeably.
		After the Treaty of Paris of 1763, when France ceded Canada to the United Kingdom in exchange for keeping Guadaloupe, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canada,_New_France (136 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - New Monarchies:France
		France acquiesced to an English monarch until Charles VI's son, in desperation, accepted the assistance of the visionary, Joan of Arc.
		He issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1438 that reaffirmed the authority of the French king over the income and personnel of the French Church, ending the dispute that Philip IV had begun more than a century earlier and ensuring the autonomy of the French clergy from the Roman papacy.
		Louis XI (1423-1483), dubbed the Spider King for his skill at establishing and manipulating alliances, ascended to the throne of France in 1461.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/monarchies3.html (1371 words)

	A SHORT HISTORY OF NEW FRANCE
		France's earliest thrust to claim some of the new world for itself is in the Spring of 1534, when Francis I sends a French sailor, Jacques Cartier, from St-Malo in Brittany on April 20, with sixty-one men.
		France demands from England the return of New France and Acadia, a demand that is finally acknowledged by the Treaty of St-Germain-en-Laye in 1632.
		He had been recalled to France by the King because of open and violent quarrels with the then Intendant, Duchesneau and replaced as governor in 1682 by a blustering weakling, Lefebvre de la Barre, who in turn is recalled and replaced in 1685 by the Marquis de Denonville.
	gapellet.brinkster.net /history.htm (4539 words)

	France's New Economy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		France also boasts the widest use of stock-option plans in Europe, and is the third largest market for venture capital in the world (behind Britain and the United States).
		The new focus on entrepreneurial startups constitutes a dramatic shift in French innovation policy, and a challenge to French society.
		France is attempting to streamline the way in which business interacts with the government, not by deregulating, but by embracing new technology.
	www.brook.edu /fp/cusf/analysis/newecon.htm (1750 words)

	New France at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in northeastern North America during a period extending from the explorations by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the loss of the last of the territories to Great Britain in 1763.
		The government of the colony was reformed along the lines of the government of France, with the Governor and Intendant subordinate to the Minister of the Marine in France.
		New France now had over 50 000 inhabitants, a vast increase from earlier in the century, but the English American colonies greatly outnumbered them with over one million people.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /New_France.html (1942 words)

	Canada in the Making - Constitutional History
		After New France became a province, government gradually evolved to one in which there were four main sources of authority, each with distinct areas of responsibility:
		New France also had local governments in Louisiana, Acadia, Québec, Trois-Rivières and Montreal, each with a local governor and intendant's sub-delegate.
		Law in New France was the same civil law as used in France.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/themes/constitution/constitution3_e.html (996 words)

	BBC SPORT \| Rugby Union \| Rugby World Cup \| New Zealand dismiss France
		New Zealand revealed their hand from the start by running the ball at every available opportunity - and as early as the fourth minute they found the first gap.
		France, though, began to enjoy some possession but were unable to carve a way through, content to snatch a drop-goal from Yachvili before the break.
		And it was France who began the second period on the front foot after bolstering the pack with prop Jean Jacques Crenca and lock Fabien Pelous.
	news.bbc.co.uk /sport1/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/3285433.stm (582 words)

	NEW FRANCE: 1524-1763
		This treaty allows the development of new parishes and villages on the island of Montréal.
		New France is now strategically surrounded by British territories.
		New France is then an enormous empire that goes from Hudson Bay to the Mexican Gulf (through all the american midwest), and from Acadie to the Rockies.
	www.republiquelibre.org /cousture/NVFR2.HTM (2476 words)

	France in New Century (Site not responding. Last check: )
		France has undergone remarkable changes in the past century, changes that illustrate many of the changes experienced by the rest of Europe.
		France acquiesced in the face of Hitler's aggression in the Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia.
		France was influenced by the fact that a sizeable part of the population was French landowners with European backgrounds who had lived in Algeria for generations.
	www.appstate.edu /~brantzrw/history3134/NEWFRANCE.HTML (4064 words)

	No. 767: Medicine in New France
		New Spain held on to the static academic medicine of Medieval Europe.
		And the new world, especially Canada, was about to become a laboratory for that change.
		For years, the medical personnel in New France and New England were what we would call para-medics.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi767.htm (486 words)

	New France
		In this unit, Grade 7 students study the large area of North America called New France as it existed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		They investigate the roots and culture of the French communities, examine the character of the daily life in the colony, and determine what changes resulted from the interaction of New France with other communities.
		A France and USA joint project that explores the history of the French presence in North America from the first decades of the 16th century to the end of the 19th century.
	www.edselect.com /newfrance.htm (628 words)

	New France -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Formerly titled (“Defense of France”), it was founded as an underground paper during the German occupation of France in World War II, and after the war it emerged as a journal of mass appeal.
		A territory of France, New Caledonia is an island in the Pacific Ocean with small island dependencies.
		France in 1963 rejected proposals by the United States and Britain for a...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055464 (780 words)

	CNN.com - France names new government - Jun 2, 2005
		As France's foreign minister from 2002 to 2004, Villepin gained a worldwide reputation for his impassioned defense of the French stance against a U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.
		France, a founding member of the European Union, was the first country to reject the charter.
		A new poll released Thursday shows public confidence in Chirac at its lowest level since he took office 10 years ago, following the rebuff to the EU constitution that he had championed.
	edition.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/06/02/france.eu (660 words)

	New Year in France,New Year's Eve in France,New Year Celebrations in France,New Year Day in France
		The New Year holidays in France ends on January 6 with the ceremonial cutting of a special type of festive cake called la galette des rois.
		New Year in France is mostly a a private affair when people like to have dinner with their dear ones and enjoy ball called une soirée dansante.
		In South Western France, there is a tradition to attend the evening mass and participate in the torchlight procession heading towards the vineyards for mulled wine.
	www.newyearfestival.com /new-year-in-france.html (448 words)

	France
		France was then the most powerful nation in Europe, with a population of 15 million.
		France was split into an occupied north and an unoccupied south, Vichy France, which became a totalitarian German puppet state with Pétain as its chief.
		France sent peacekeeping forces to assist two African countries in 2002 and 2003, Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107517.html (2209 words)

	Civilization.ca - VMNF - New France is...
		At the beginning of the next century, New France begins to take shape when colonists recruited in France settle in the Saint Lawrence valley and Acadia.
		Exploration increased, giving rise to the development of new trade routes, the creation of towns and settlements of colonists from France and their descendants.
		Apart from Louisiana, which France ceded to the United States in 1803, New France ceased to exist after the conquest of 1760 and the final surrender to England in 1763.
	www.civilization.ca /vmnf/intro/intro-en.htm (314 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| France's new baby boom
		French wines may have gone out of fashion - and the French football team may have gone out in the first round of the World Cup - but there's still one area where France is in a league of its own: making babies.
		So will France's right-wing government, which promised a leaner, more efficient economy when it came to power last year, be cutting back on benefits and calling for couples to tone down their reproductive zeal?
		France hopes that investing in them now will pay dividends.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/2664041.stm (613 words)

	New Scientist France to build world's largest fusion reactor - News
		The French bid had been backed by the European Union, China and Russia, while Japan was supported by the US and South Korea.
		Japan was given several incentives to concede to France.
		Over $500 million worth of contracts for constructing ITER could go to Japanese companies, and Japan could provide 20 per cent of the 200 researchers in return for meeting just 10 per cent of the total cost.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/opinion/mg18625064.300 (221 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- New Caledonia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853.
		In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy.
		Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/nc.html (628 words)

	Civilization.ca - Virtual Museum of New France
		The traditions of the Aboriginal peoples were disrupted by European contact.
		Meet the Native peoples in the days of New France.
		Daily life objects from the Canadian Museum of Civilization's collection illustrate how Canadians lived in the New France era.
	www.civilization.ca /vmnf/vmnfe.asp (84 words)

	Basques in New France
		This study is interesting because it springs from research done on Canadian documentation that was produced as a result of the social and economic activities of the Basque nationals who had immigrated to Canada or who frequented the Canadian coastline during that period.
		Although the majority of the fishermen returned home after the fishing season ended, there were some who remained in New France and became part of the French community.
		It is also remarkable to see that several of these new arrivals plied trades related to the sea (navigators, sailors, fishermen, captains, ropemakers, and sailmakers).
	basque.unr.edu /09/9.3/9.3.49t/9.3.49.03.NewFrance.htm (1821 words)

	New France
		Once situated in New France, the colonists were encouraged to increase their population.
		The Huguenots, religious dissenters at home, were forbidden to settle in New France.
		The Dutch in the New Netherland implemented a manorial system as evidenced by the huge estates that dominated the banks of the upper Hudson River.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1172.html (959 words)

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