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Topic: Oil for food

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UN

United Nations

Oil

United States and the United Nations

Ahmed Chalabi

Politics of Iraq

George Galloway

2003 Invasion of Iraq

Economy of Iraq

Saddam Hussein

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Saddam Hussain

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	Olive oil - Food & Drink - Recipes24 Net - recipes, cooking, cookbooks and more
		In agriculture, olive oil is an oil extracted from the fruit of the European olive tree (Olea europaea L.), which originated in the Mediterranean area.
		Traditionally, olive oil was produced by beating the trees with sticks to knock the olives off and crushing them in stone or wooden mortars or beam presses.
		Historically, olive oil was used for medicines and as a fuel in oil lamps.
	www.recipes24.net /encyclopedia/o/olive_oil.html (431 words)

	AllRefer.com - olive oil (Food And Cooking) - Encyclopedia
		Olive oil was used in the ancient world for lighting, in the preparation of food, and as an anointing oil for both ritual and cosmetic purposes.
		Although olive oil occupies a relatively minor place in world food consumption, it has, in recent years, become a stronger export item, and a succession of international agreements have been signed since 1959 to protect its market.
		Although olive oil is chiefly used as a food or in food preservation, it is also used in soaps, certain pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/oliveoil.html (446 words)

	Middle East Report Online: Scandals of Oil for Food , by Joy Gordon
		Regardless of the truth of the allegations of impropriety in the UN's administration of Oil for Food, it is clear that the real goal of the program's vociferous new critics is to damage the credibility of the entire international body.
		More to the point, the Oil for Food flap fits into the decade-old pattern whereby Washington and London place exclusive blame for the humanitarian crisis in Iraq before the invasion -- and now for the country's hobbled economy as well -- upon the "neglect" of the former regime.
		While Oil for Food funds may have improperly ended up in the hands of Saddam Hussein's government, the fundamental responsibility for the humanitarian crisis was the sanctions regime imposed on Iraq by the Security Council, and then enforced in an extraordinarily harsh way at the insistence of the US and Britain.
	www.merip.org /mero/mero071904.html (2635 words)

	The Oil-For-Food 'Scandal' is a Cynical Smokescreen
		In this way, the Americans were able to authorise a $1bn exemption concerning the export of Iraqi oil for Jordan, as well as legitimise the billion-dollar illegal oil smuggling trade over the Turkish border, which benefited NATO ally Turkey as well as fellow regime-change plotters in Kurdistan.
		This oil company, run by Primakov's sister, bought oil from Iraq under "oil for food" at a heavy discount, and then sold it at full market value to primarily US companies, splitting the difference evenly with Primakov and the Iraqis.
		While money derived from the off-the-book sale of oil did indeed go into the purchase of conventional weapons and the construction of presidential palaces, the vast majority of these funds were poured into economic recovery programmes that saw Iraq emerge from near total economic ruin in 1996.
	www.commondreams.org /views04/1212-23.htm (778 words)

	Organic Olive Oil, Home Delivery Overnight Nationwide, Organic Vinegar from Diamond Organics, Organic Food
		For the past several decades, coconut oil (the fatty acids pressed from the coconut meat) was falsely accused of raising blood cholesterol levels.
		Unrefined coconut oil is free of the toxic trans-fatty acids found in hydrogenated and refined oils.
		Unlike other oils used for deep-frying it is reusable because it remains stable and does not form toxic trans-fatty acids.
	www.diamondorganics.com /ShowView/prod_detail_list/44 (1332 words)

	Cheese, Specialty Food, Gourmet Gift Baskets, Cheese Gifts: igourmet
		Mix it with dipping oil, such as extra virgin olive oil, grapeseed oil or especially avocado oil, and serve as a tasty dip for bread.
		Their infused extra virgin olive oil is made entirely from their own olives (many Italian olive oils contain blends) and is infused with the essence of typical Italian herbs from the Puglian countryside.
		This oil is made exclusively from the Koroneiki olive which is famous for producing olive oil with low acidity.
	www.igourmet.com /shoppe/shoppe.asp?cat=6&subcat=Olive+Oil (1704 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil for Food: About the Program
		The programme, as established by the Security Council, is intended to be a "temporary measure to provide for the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, until the fulfillment by Iraq of the relevant Security Council resolutions, including notably resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991".
		The first Iraqi oil under the Oil-for-Food Programme was exported in December 1996 and the first shipments of food arrived in March 1997.
		In 1998, the limit on the level of Iraqi oil exports under the programme was raised to $5.26 billion every six months, again with two-thirds of the oil proceeds earmarked to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people.
	www.un.org /Depts/oip/background (1081 words)

	Claudia Rosett on Oil-for-Food & Terrorism on National Review Online
		The stated aim of the program, which ran from 1996-2003, was to reduce the squeeze of sanctions on ordinary Iraqis by allowing Saddam to sell oil strictly to buy food and other relief supplies.
		One was the U.N. decision to allow Saddam to choose his own buyers of oil and suppliers of goods — an arrangement that Annan himself helped set up during negotiations in Baghdad in the mid-1990s, shortly before he was promoted to Secretary-General.
		Now shut down, Delta Services was a subsidiary of a Saudi Arabian firm, Delta Oil, which had close ties to the Taliban during Osama bin Laden's heyday in Afghanistan in the late 1990s.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/rosett200404182336.asp (1549 words)

	Galt Septic - Restaurant Food, Oil, Grease Hazards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Oil, grease, food, and sand buildups can take quite some time to clear when using conventional drain cleaning equipment.
		Restaurants and other food preparation buildings are required to have an Interceptor inline with drains that may have grease, food, oil, and other foreign matter sent through.
		It is the owners responsibility to maintain the drainage system, in order to prevent food, oil, or grease from entering municipal sewer lines.
	www.kwgray.com /galtseptic/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=14 (1424 words)

	Iraq Country Analysis Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Banias line, from Iraq's northern Kirkuk oil fields to Syria's Mediterranean port of Banias (and Tripoli, Lebanon), reportedly was being used to transport as much as 200,000 bbl/d of Iraqi oil, mainly from southern Iraq, to Syrian refineries at Homs and Banias.
		In mid-December 2002, the Iraqi Oil Ministry had announced that it was severing its contract with the Lukoil consortium on West Qurna due to "fail[ure] to comply" with contract stipulations.
		According to the Oil and Gas Journal, Iraq's refining capacity was 597,500 bbl/d as of January 1, 2005, compared to a nameplate capacity of 700,000 bbl/d.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/iraq.html (7114 words)

	Oil-for-Food: Facts
		UN oil overseers first alerted the Security Council's 661 Committee on November 17, 2000 that the oil pricing formulas proposed by Iraq for the month of December did not represent "fair market value," because the oil appeared to be considerably under-priced.
		In early March, 2001, the issue of oil surcharges was further reported by the Secretary-General in his report to the Security Council.
		Regarding oil surcharges, the 661 Committee did not reach consensus as to how to address the problem until October, 2001, when the Committee decided to introduce a "retroactive pricing mechanism" for Iraqi oil in an attempt to eliminate the surcharges on oil.
	www.oilforfoodfacts.org (3231 words)

	The U.N. Oil for Food scandal - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But the mounting evidence of scandal that has been uncovered in the U.N. Oil For Food program suggests that there was never a serious possibility of getting Security Council support for military action because influential people in Russia and France were getting paid off by Saddam.
		Most disturbing are Iraqi records that suggest Benon Sevan, the executive director of the Oil for Food office, received a voucher for 11.5 million barrels of oil from Saddam's manipulation of the program — enough to yield a profit of between $575,000 and $3.5 million.
		The intent of the program was to sell Iraqi oil to pay for food and medicine for the Iraqi people, who were suffering due to sanctions.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20040321-101405-2593r.htm (546 words)

	USATODAY.com - U.S. weapons report details corruption of oil-for-food program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under the program, $31 billion was spent on food, medicine and related items that significantly improved the health and nutrition of average Iraqis.
		And, in addition to the food purchases, over time his government found several ways of using oil-for-food to raise illicit funds to further evade the embargo.
		For example, oil sold under U.N. auspices was processed by major oil companies that do business all over the world, including in the USA.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-10-10-embargo-qna_x.htm (869 words)

	OpinionJournal - Featured Article
		Maugein and the incident in 2001 involving Trafigura." The incident is the Essex oil smuggling scandal, on which the Journal carried an investigative story in May 2002.
		In a smuggling practice known as top-loading, 1.8 million barrels approved for sale under a U.N. contract was topped off with an additional 272,000 barrels in the summer of 2001, according to the captain of the Essex oil-tanker, who blew the whistle on the smuggling by advising U.S. and U.N. authorities.
		Trafigura purchased the oil from oil equipment supplier Ibex Energy France, which in turn bought it from SOMO in Iraq.
	www.opinionjournal.com /editorial/feature.html?id=110004801 (2935 words)

	Oil-for-Food Programme - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		Under its rules, the UN controlled all revenues from Iraq's oil sales and contracts within the programme were subject to oversight.
		Annan pointed out that Saddam Hussein's regime profited greatly from illegally shipping oil to Turkey and Jordan, and said that the smuggling "was no secret" from the US and UK, the two main countries responsible for enforcing sanctions.
		US oil companies Chevron, Mobil, Texaco and Bay Oil as well as three individual oil investors obtained oil from Saddam Hussein under the Oil-for-Food Programme, the Chief Arms Inspector for the Central Intelligence Agency concludes in his report.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/iraq1/oilindex.htm (2381 words)

	ifeminists.com > editorial > No Oil for Food
		It allowed Iraq to sell oil to finance the purchase of humanitarian goods for its people who were dying from a lack of basic supplies.
		The Security Council had to approve all oil contracts, which gave the U.N. effective control over the second-largest proven reserves of crude oil in the world.
		One U.N. report reads, "Total [oil] exports for the week [13.2 million barrels] generated estimated revenue of...
	www.ifeminists.net /introduction/editorials/2003/0429.html (810 words)

	UN Office of the Iraq Program - Oil-for-Food
		Some 3.4 billion barrels of Iraqi oil valued at about $65 billion were exported under the Programme between December 1996 and 20 March 2003.
		The balance went to: Gulf War reparations through a Compensation Fund (25 per cent since December 2000); UN administrative and operational costs for the programme (2.2 per cent) and costs for the weapons inspection programme (0.8 per cent).
		Additional goods and supplies from the Programme's multi billion dollar humanitarian pipeline are being delivered on a priority basis in consultation with the Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraqi representatives and UN agencies and programmes.
	www.un.org /Depts/oip (714 words)

	t r u t h o u t - Probe into Iraq's Oil-for-Food Program to Reach White House
		Iraqi oil revenues have been allocated in one way or another for humanitarian purposes since the United Nations created the nation's oil-for-food program in 1996, and they've been dogged by mishandling for just as long.
		It was intended to allow Saddam's government to sell limited amounts of oil in exchange for humanitarian goods such as medical supplies and food.
		Among them was the French bank BNP Paribas, which handled Iraqi oil revenues under the program and which Shays has criticized for an apparent lack of oversight of the Iraqi government's financial activities.
	www.truthout.org /docs_04/100704E.shtml (1050 words)

	Canola Oil - How Toxic Is It?
		Rape oil is also the source of the infamous chemical-warfare agent, mustard gas, which was banned after blistering the lungs and skin of hundreds of thousands of solders and civilians during WW1.
		Toxic substances in canola and soy oils encourage the formation of molecules with covalent bonds which are normally irreversible: They cannot be broken by the body once they have formed.
		Conclusion On the basis of the available evidence, oil derived from the genetically modified canola lines (T45, Topas 19/2, Ms1, Ms8, Rf1, Rf2, Rf3 and their crosses), is equivalent to oil from non-GM canola in terms of its safety and nutritional properties.
	www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com /canola.htm (10648 words)

	The Oil-for-Food Scandal - What happened, and who's to blame. By Michael Crowley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Legitimate Iraqi oil profits went to a U.N.-controlled escrow account, but kickbacks were secretly routed by complicit companies to hidden regime bank accounts.
		Beneficiaries allegedly included oil company executives (mostly from Russia, China, and France); some prominent politicians (including Russia's notorious Vladimir Zhirinovsky, a French interior minister, and the president of Indonesia); and at least one journalist (a Syrian).
		And he's put off Coleman and others by not granting Senate investigators full access to U.N. documents and personnel.
	slate.msn.com /id/2111195 (1438 words)

	Friends of Saddam
		Mike - I would like to bring to the attention that corruption is not new and not hard to believe but I do h...
		robert - Yo Billy: You are correct, as far as it goes, that the oil allocations and the surcharges are bot...
		Several OFF oil allocations were approved by Saddam and...
	acepilots.com /unscam (512 words)

	Welcome to the CPA Oil for Food Transition Page
		As many suppliers have already experienced, decisions regarding Oil for Food contracts were made jointly between the CPA and the Iraqi ministries.
		Iraq Oil for Food program transitioned from U.N. to C.P.A. Program is administered by the C.P.A. Iraq Oil for Food program transitioned from C.P.A. to Iraqi ministries
		The CPA Oil for Food Coordination Center has closed as part of the transition of authority to the new interim Iraqi government.
	www.cpa-iraq.org /oil_for_food/index.html (410 words)

	Iraq's Oil-For-Food Program -- Much Worse Than We Thought
		Under this arrangement, the UN was not to examine the contracts for Iraqi oil except between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and the first purchaser.
		Until recently, the UN maintained that it had no idea that the oil was being sold at significant discounts in many cases, or that the middlemen were adding surcharges to the contracts awarded them by Saddam.
		In documents released earlier this year, France's oil vouchers account for 150.8 million barrels of crude and notable recipients include French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, Patrick Maughien, who is a close friend of Jacques Chirac and head of Soco International oil company, and former French Ambassador to the UN, Jean-Bernard Merimee.
	www.aina.org /news/20041117112056.htm (2891 words)

	Iraq Revenue Watch: Monitoring Iraq Reconstruction Funds, Contracts, Oil
		Senior Iraqi officials gathered with oil company representatives and international civil society leaders to carve out a plan for managing Iraq's oil wealth that will aid the country's democratic transition and economic reconstruction.
		The event, "Iraqi Oil Wealth: Issues of Governance and Development," is part of the Open Society Institute's ongoing effort to support informed and inclusive public policy debate in Iraq, and to assist Iraqis in holding all stakeholders to account in promoting an open, peaceful, and prosperous Iraq.
		The Volcker Commission on September 7, 2005 published its definitive report on the overall management and oversight of the Oil for Food Program.
	www.iraqrevenuewatch.org (701 words)

	Italian Authentic Specialty Food Gourmet Olive Oil Italian Food Traditional Products
		Difference of Italian extra virgin olive oil is in taste.
		Extra virgin olive oil, flavored olive oil, organic olive oil,organic sunflower,organic pasta and more.
		Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil seems to cut the risk of developing breast cancer.
	www.fineitalianfood.com (273 words)

	Oil-for-Food Program
		These resolutions eased sanctions on the sale of oil, imposed in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, by allowing Iraq to sell a certain amount of oil and use proceeds to meet the humanitarian needs of its people.
		Oil-for-Food has steadily expanded over the years, lifting the limit on the amount of oil that could be sold and expanding the range of goods that can be purchased.
		It has withheld sales from the market for political reasons and continues to smuggle oil out illegally — both of which deprive the Program of revenue.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2002/16176.htm (838 words)

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