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Topic: Ozone layer

Related Topics

Ozone depletion

Ozone hole

Ozone

Tropospheric ozone

Ozone therapy

Dobson unit

Stratosphere

Ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet

Troposphere

Montreal Protocol

Global warming

Edge of space

Thermosphere

Greenhouse effect

	Ozone Layer
		For information on the history of the ozone layer for the layman, see the Short history of ozone depletion, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's NOAA Ozone overview or NOAA on stratospheric ozone.
		Although the stratosphere layer is over four times thicker than the lower atmosphere, the stratosphere holds so little gas that ozone is still considered one of the minor trace-gases of the overall atmosphere.
		The ozone layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, light which is potentially damaging to life on earth.
	www.nas.nasa.gov /About/Education/Ozone/ozonelayer.html (912 words)

	EPA SunWise for Kids: Ozone Layer
		Ozone is a natural gas that is found in two different layers of the atmosphere.
		Each chlorine atom attacks ozone by joining with and breaking apart as many as 100,000 ozone molecules during the time it is in the stratosphere.
		Other ozone eating chemicals are pesticides such as methyl bromide, halons used in fire extinguishers, and methyl chloroform used in businesses.
	www.epa.gov /sunwise/kids/kids_ozone.html (343 words)

	The Ozone Layer - Global Warming Awareness
		layer is a region in the upper atmosphere, from 10—50 km high, with major concentrations of ozone, created by the effect of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on oxygen.
		Ozone strongly absorbs solar UV radiation, causing atmospheric temperature to climb to about 0°C at the top of the layer, and inhibits much of this radiation from reaching the Earth's surface.
		This book is the first comprehensive history of international efforts to protect the ozone layer, the greatest success yet achieved in managing human impacts on the global environment.
	www.global-warming-gmst.org /ozone-layer.html (259 words)

	Consequences (vol. 1, No. 2) - Impacts of a Projected Depletion of the Ozone Layer
		The ozone that is subsequently created is itself a strong absorber of the remaining UVC and of much of the adjacent region of the UV, closer in wavelength to visible light, that is called the ultraviolet-B or UVB.
		Ozone is also found in the air near the ground but in amounts that are highly variable from place to place and that constitute at most a tenth of what exists in the stratosphere.
		Although the ozone layer blocks most of the damaging UVB radiation received from the Sun, a small amount slips by, damaging our skin in the form of sunburns and "suntans." UVB radiation is strongly absorbed in the skin (Fig.
	www.gcrio.org /CONSEQUENCES/summer95/impacts.html (5432 words)

	United System-Wide EARTHWATCH /gt Atmosphere > Damage to Ozone Layer
		Major ozone layer losses are now occurring over the northern hemisphere as well, with serious losses since the winter of 1991-92 and a record hole in 1996 lasting two months that doubled carcinogenic ultraviolet rays over an area covering Scandinavia and extending from Greenland to Western Siberia (WMO, 1996).
		Ozone losses in the stratosphere may have caused part of the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere in the polar and upper middle latitudes (about 0.6 degrees centigrade per decade since 1979).
		The increase of ozone in the troposphere since pre-industrial times is estimated to have contributed 10 % to 20 % of the warming due to the increase in long-lived greenhouse gases during the same period.
	www.un.org /earthwatch/atmosphere/ozonedepletion.html (1195 words)

	Ozone Layer - MSN Encarta
		Ozone Layer, layer of the chemical ozone present in the atmosphere protecting the Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
		The ozone layer is thinnest near the equator and thickest at the poles.
		The first explanation for the presence of a layer of ozone in the atmosphere was given by the scientist Chapman in 1930, who noted that ozone is destroyed by ultraviolet, and created by a combination of one oxygen molecule with one oxygen atom.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555692/Ozone_Layer.html (552 words)

	Ozone layer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "thickness" of the ozone layer—that is, the total amount of ozone in a column overhead—varies by a large factor worldwide, being in general smaller near the equator and larger as one moves towards the poles.
		The ozone layer is higher in altitude in the tropics, and lower in altitude in the extratropics, especially in the polar regions.
		On August 2, 2003, scientists announced that the depletion of the ozone layer may be slowing down due to the international ban on chlorofluorocarbons, chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ozone_layer (1771 words)

	Ozone Layer - MSN Encarta
		Ozone concentrations of up to 10 parts per million occur in the ozone layer.
		However, because the ozone layer of the atmosphere protects life on earth from the full force of the sun's cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation, it is critically important.
		Destruction of the ozone layer is predicted to cause increases in skin cancer and cataracts, damage to certain crops and to plankton and the marine food web, and an increase in carbon dioxide (see Global Warming) due to the decrease in plants and plankton.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761555692 (628 words)

	Ozone Layer
		The ozone layer is a layer of ozone particles scattered between 19 and 30 kilometres (12 to 30 miles) up in the Earth's atmosphere, in a region called the stratosphere.
		Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun would not be stopped from entering the Earth's atmosphere and arriving at the surface, causing damage to most living species.
		Ozone is also naturally broken down in the stratosphere by sunlight and by a chemical reaction with various compounds containing nitrogen, hydrogen and chlorine.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Atmosphere/Older/Ozone_Layer.html (311 words)

	ozone layer. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Ozone in the ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen.
		The ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet (UV) and other high-energy radiation from penetrating to the earth’s surface but does allow through sufficient ultraviolet rays to support the activation of vitamin D in humans.
		Higher levels of radiation resulting from the depletion of the ozone layer have been linked with increases in skin cancers and cataracts and have been implicated in the decline of certain amphibian species.
	www.bartleby.com /65/oz/ozonelay.html (510 words)

	Ozone Layer
		The ozone layer is not really a layer at all, but has become known as such because most ozone particles are scattered between 19 and 30 kilometres (12 to 30 miles) up in the Earth's atmosphere, in a region called the stratosphere.
		Without the ozone layer, a lot of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun would not be stopped reaching the Earth's surface, causing untold damage to most living species.
		Most of the ozone in the stratosphere is formed over the equator where the level of sunshine striking the Earth is greatest.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Ozone_Depletion/Older/Ozone_Layer.html (343 words)

	ozone layer
		Thin layer of the gas ozone in the upper atmosphere which shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.
		It is believed that the ozone layer is depleting at a rate of about 5% every ten years over northern Europe, with depletion extending south to the Mediterranean and southern USA.
		Ozone levels over the Arctic in spring 1997 fell over 10% since 1987, despite the reduction in the concentration of CFCs and other industrial compounds which destroy the ozone when exposed to sunlight.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0047689.html (426 words)

	The Ozone Layer
		Most of it is concentrated in the ozone layer, a region located in the stratosphere several miles above the surface of the Earth.
		Ozone is also a greenhouse gas in the upper atmosphere and, therefore, plays a role in Earth's climate.
		Ozone depletion at the South Pole can also be viewed from another perspective through the images created from data collected by the NASA TOMS satellite, and the NOAA SBUV-2 instruments aboard NOAA satellites.
	www.oar.noaa.gov /climate/t_ozonelayer.html (1601 words)

	Press Release: The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		The ozone layer - The Achilles heel of the biosphere
		The thin ozone layer has proved to be an Achilles heel that may be seriously injured by apparently moderate changes in the composition of the atmosphere.
		The connection demonstrated by Crutzen between microorganisms in the soil and the thickness of the ozone layer is one of the motives for the recent rapid development of research on global biogeochemical cycles.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/press.html (1891 words)

	Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
		This layer of ozone molecules screens out enough of the incoming ultraviolet radiation to permit the earth to be habitable to a wide range of plant and animal species.
		The ozone layer is important because it absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, preventing most of it from reaching the earth's surface.
		The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer negotiated before there was a sense of urgency in the international community, created a framework for international actions to limit production and uses of substances that might contribute to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
	www.climate.org /topics/ozone/index.shtml (1208 words)

	Ozone
		Ozone is produced by the reaction of sunlight, oxygen, and automobile exhaust (which contains hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides).
		Ozone also damages plants and may be an important factor in the damage that is occurring to forests in Europe and North America.
		This is ominous because ozone shields the earth's surface from much of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/O/Ozone.html (622 words)

	Science - Ozone Basics
		Ozone is very rare in our atmosphere, averaging about three molecules of ozone for every 10 million air molecules.
		The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer.
		The remaining ozone is in the lower region of the atmosphere, which is commonly called the troposphere.
	www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov /science/basics.htm (911 words)

	Chemical of the Week -- Ozone
		Because ozone is very unstable and reactive, the preparation of pure ozone is both difficult and hazardous and is seldom attempted.
		In contrast to the harmful effects of ozone in the air we breathe, the effects of ozone in the upper atmosphere are essential to the survival of life on Earth.
		Ozone depletion is focused mainly over Antarctica, and to a lesser degree the North Pole, because ozone destruction is most vigorous when extremely frigid temperatures create clouds of ice particles in the stratosphere that speed up the chemical reaction.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/ozone/ozone.html (1090 words)

	7(e) The Ozone Layer
		The ozone layer is a region of concentration of the ozone molecule (O
		The layer sits at an altitude of about 10-50 kilometers, with a maximum concentration in the stratosphere at an altitude of approximately 25 kilometers.
		The ozone layer naturally shields Earth's life from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/7e.html (963 words)

	Ozone Layer
		The Ozone molecules which concentrated mainly between altitudes of 15 to 35 Kilometer above the Earth, where the umbrella of Ozone Layer absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiation emitting from the Sun and facilitate life giving source of Solar energy to the planet Earth.
		As such the Ozone hole is born, through absorption of solar radiation toward summer, the polar night vortex gradually warms up from its inside and therefore weakens, finally dissipating completely; exchange of air begins between inside of the vortex and outside, then the Ozone hole disappears.
		The Ozone poor air, on this occasion, diffuses away from Antarctica and reduces Ozone layer of the Southern Hemisphere surrounding the Antarctic.
	www.met.gov.pk /Subpage4/Ozone.html (1027 words)

	Environment - Climate Change - Ozone Layer Protection
		In 1985, scientists identified a thinning of the ozone layer over the Antarctic during the spring months which became known as the "ozone hole".
		The destruction of ozone also involves sunlight, so the process intensifies during spring time, when the levels of solar radiation at the pole are highest, and PSC's are continually present.
		Although ozone levels vary seasonally, stratospheric ozone levels have been observed to be decreasing annually since the 1970s.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/ozone/ozone_layer.htm (935 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Ozone Pollution Works"
		Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacs that are important for gas exchange (see How Your Lungs Work for details).
		Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing.
		Ozone concentration in the troposphere has also decreased in the past 10 years.
	science.howstuffworks.com /ozone-pollution1.htm (644 words)

	Ozone Layer
		The most obvious, and perhaps most important connection between society and the ozone layer is the fact that scientific research suggests depletion of the ozone layer directly and indirectly endangers the health of the population.
		Thus, it is important for society to recognize that the thinning ozone layer is a problem and to take action in order to ensure the safety and survival of future generations.
		The ozone layer is essential for protecting society from harmful UV radiation by acting as a filter.
	www.umich.edu /~gs265/society/ozone.htm (5309 words)

	Ozone \| Air & Radiation \| US EPA
		Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level.
		Ozone can be "good" or "bad" for people's health and for the environment, depending on its location in the atmosphere.
		In the troposphere, the air closest to the Earth's surface, ground-level or "bad" ozone is a pollutant that is a significant health risk, especially for children with asthma.
	www.epa.gov /ozone (234 words)

	Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction to the Ozone Layer
		From: rparson@spot.colorado.edu (Robert Parson) Newsgroups: sci.environment Subject: Ozone Depletion FAQ Part I: Introduction to the Ozone Layer Date: 24 Dec 1997 20:49:01 GMT Message-ID: <67rsft$2ue@peabody.colorado.edu> Reply-To: rparson@spot.colorado.edu Summary: This is the first of four files dealing with stratospheric ozone depletion.
		The present ozone layer is a result of a competition between photolysis and recombination; increasing the recombination rate, by increasing the concentration of catalysts, results in a thinner ozone layer.
		Notice that the highest ozone levels are found in the _spring_, not, as one might guess, in summer, and the lowest in the fall, not winter.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/ozone-depletion/intro (8672 words)

	ozone
		Ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere is the result of human-produced chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
		However, at all latitudes away from the equator, the layer of ozone that protects us from the harmful radiation of the sun is thinner that it was in the late 1970s.
		More than half a century may pass before the hole in the ozone layer is repaired and the first clear signs of repair may not be apparent for 20 years, says CSIRO’s Dr Paul Fraser.
	www.dar.csiro.au /information/ozone.html (337 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - The Ozone Layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At any given place, the ozone layer varies in size with the seasons, because ozone is produced when solar energy reacts with oxygen molecules, and solar energy varies with the seasons.
		In the 1970s, scientists observed a thinning in the ozone layer over Antarctica, colloquially and inaccurately, called an "ozone hole" and concerns arose that emissions from human activities were implicated in ozone depletion.
		The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has posted this overview of the ozone layer and ozone depletion that was prepared by lead author, NOAA physicist D. Fahey, and reviewed by scientists participating in the UN Environment Programme's 2002 Ozone Assessment meeting.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/1282.php (627 words)

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