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Topic: Paekche

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	MSN Encarta - Korea
		Paekche (Baekje) in the southwest and Silla in the southeast, which emerged in the 3rd and the 4th century ad, respectively, had contact with China as well.
		Paekche and Silla also had contact with Japan, along with a fourth, smaller kingdom called Kaya (Gaya), located on the central southern coast.
		Paekche and Kaya had political and military alliances with Japan; Paekche would later call upon Japan during a war with Silla, but the aid came too late for Paekche to survive.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557519&pn=1 (1142 words)

	346-375. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This was the period of greatest Japanese influence in Korea through activities in the states of Silla and Paekche.
		Paekche also sought ties with the Eastern Jin dynasty in China and the Wa in Japan.
		Lands were gained north of the Yalu River in Manchuria, and Paekche was attacked in the south.
	www.bartleby.com /67/161.html (330 words)

	North Korea - The Period of the Three Kingdoms
		The state of Paekche, which soon came to exercise great influence on Korean history, emerged first in the Mahan area; it is not certain when this happened, but Paekche certainly existed by 246 since Lolang mounted a large attack on it in that year.
		Paekche, a centralized, aristocratic state that melded Chinese and indigenous influence, was a growing power: within a hundred years Paekche had demolished Mahan and continued to expand northward into the area of present-day South Korea around Seoul.
		While a tattered Paekche kingdom nursed its wounds in the southwest, Silla allied with Chinese forces of the Sui and the successor Tang Dynasty (618-907) in combined attacks against Kogury.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-9501.html (1542 words)

	The Peninsula Report - The Three Kingdoms of Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Paekche and Shilla were prominent in the south, Koguryo in the north.
		Paekche amassed power while Koguryo was fighting against the Chinese, and came into conflict with Koguryo in the late fourth century.
		The Paekche king and his family were taken to Tang in 660 and a Tang general appointed a military governor to rule the Paekche territory.
	www.peninsulareport.com /History/kingdoms.htm (979 words)

	Chapter 17- Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first of the three main Korean kingdoms to come in contact with the spreading Chinese influence was Koguryŏ, which emerged in the 1st century BCE in the north.
		Paekche in the southwest and Silla in the southeast, which emerged in the 3rd and the 4th century CE, respectively, had contact with China as well.
		Paekche and Silla also had contact with Japan, along with a fourth, smaller kingdom called Kaya, located on the central southern coast.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/chap17.html (1819 words)

	Silla
		Paekche's capital at Wiryesong remained intact and its alliances with Yamato Wa and the Kaya Federation held firm.
		Paekche's King Asin attempted to restrain Koguryo by establishing relations with both the northern and southern Chinese dynasties.
		An envoy arrived in the Paekche capital at Ungjin in 543 AD with a message from Emperor Kimmei that decreed that prefects and districts in the lower Kaya region belonging to Imna be put under Yamato jurisdiction.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C02/E0207.htm (3315 words)

	Three Kingdoms Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chinese culture had a significant impact on the development of Paekche; even her governmental system was patterned upon that of the Chinese.
		However, because of this heavy dependence upon Chinese culture, Paekche culture was not as individual and independent as the cultures of Koguryo and Silla.
		In the kingdom of Paekche, the military officers wore different colored belts to indicate their rank, and in Silla, they wore colored trim on their lapels as an additional indication of rank.
	tkdtutor.com /02Taekwondo/TKDHistory/05Kingdoms.htm (4194 words)

	Ancient East Asia: New Books and Other Publications, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the early Paekche period, the first official post with a practical command of military was established with the institution of Chwa-jang.
		King Kunch'ogo and then King Tongsong in their efforts to reinforce the royal authority successively dismantled the independent military base of powerful aristocrats, and, as a result, Chwa-jang became a part of bureaucratic system under the royal authority as a minister who was put in charge of military affairs by the king.
		In the history of Paekche palatial gardens, it is worthy of attention that the Basic Annals of Paekche describe that King Mu constructed Pangchangson-san mountain, on which Taoist immortals allegedly lived, inside a lake during the construction of Kungnam-ji Lake.
	www.ancienteastasia.org /archives/newbooks99.htm (3083 words)

	Ancient Japan - 2
		Paekche was frequently attacked by Koguryo during the century, prompting continued requests for assistance from Yamato; it is recorded that Paekche even sent a crown prince to Yamato as a hostage on one occasion and the mother of the king on another.
		Yet, probably because of internal dissension, Yamato did not dispatch any troops to the peninsula, although a lengthy memorial sent with the embassy of 478 and presented to the Southern Sung emperor requested that the Yamato king Yuryaku be appointed commander of a large army being raised for dispatch against Koguryo.
		Japan, which had traditionally been friendly with Paekche, sent a large army; it was crushed, however, in 663, by a T'ang-Silla army at the mouth of the Kum River.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan2.html (3882 words)

	Korean Sculpture (Ancient, Koguryo Period, Paekche Period, Paekche Period, Shilla Period, Unified Shilla Period, ...
		Paekche Period Sculpture (18 B.C.~A.D. Buddhism was introduced to Paekche via Eastern Jin by an Indian monk named Maranant'a in 384, 12 years after it was introduced to Koguryo.
		Characteristics unique to Paekche sculpture are clearly evident in all the Buddhist images of the late sixth century, including an agalmatolite seated Buddha and a gilt-bronze bodhisattva from Kunsu-ri, and stone reliefs of Buddhist triads in Sosan and T'aean.
		Paekche sculpture can be described as being more refined and subtle, the result, perhaps, of its more temperate climate and fertile lands.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/korea/sculpture.htm (3268 words)

	Ride the Whirlwind
		Despite the surrender of its throne, Paekche died neither quietly nor willingly.
		They even brought Paekche's Prince P'ung back from Japan and placed him on the "restored throne." Paekche rebels continually harassed Tang military garrisons in the area, successfully laid siege to the cities of Sabi and Ungjin, and recaptured over two hundred strongholds in furious battles throughout the region.
		The Paekche restoration movement had strong popular support, but it lacked cohesive leadership at the top and internal dissension soon tore it apart.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C03/E0303.htm (3294 words)

	The Yamato State
		Paekche understood the strategic importance of Japan and so entered into alliance with the Yamato state.
		This connection between the Yamato court and Paekche is culturally one of the most important events of early Japanese history.
		A.D. In the latter years of the 500's, the alliance between Paekche and the Yamato state broke down; this eventually led to the loss of Japanese holdings on the Korean peninsula.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAMATO.HTM (969 words)

	Baekche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After that period, the Paekche Kingdom retreated under the continuous, southward, military threat of the Koguryo Kingdom, and in 475A.D., the capital, Hansong, was over-run by theinvading troops of the Koguryo Kingdom.
		The creativity and excellence ofthe Paekche culture can be appreciated through the delicate and elegant lotus designs of the roof-tiles of this culture, the splendid and beautiful brick patterns, the beauty of the flowing curves of the pottery style, and theflowing and elegant epitaph writing.
		between the Paekche Kingdom and the Yang dynasty of Southern China areindicated by the brick tombs, Chinese ceramics, and the Chinese bronze mirrorburied in the tomb of King Muryong.
	www.koreainfogate.com /beautykorea/cultural/cultural.asp?src=Paekche&title=Baekche (1426 words)

	Formation of 3 Kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kogyryo developed in the north of the Korean peninsula and Paekche along the Han River and Silla in the plains of Kyongju, in the South.
		Paekche (18BC-660AD) began as a small nation of Mahan which Onjo established in Hannam-Wiryesung(near Seoul) in 18 B.C. The people were chiefly the immigrants from the North.
		During the earlier period, Kokuryo fought Silla and Paekche, and proved herself to be the strongest.
	sv.berkeley.edu /VI/handbooks_formation.html (285 words)

	Interactive Korea: History/Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The people of Paekche were evidently more peaceful than the ferocious warriors of Koguryo, so they kept moving south to avoid the threats from their nothern rival.
		Paekche was firmly established as a prosperous and civilized state, trading extensively with China across the sea.
		By the mid-sith century, Shilla brought under its control all of the neighboring Kaya Kingdoms, a group of fortified townstates that developed in the southeastern region form the mid-first century to the mid-sixth century.
	userpages.umbc.edu /~skim32/IFSM403/politics.html (1798 words)

	Mogoy Web - Histoire de la Corée
		Paekche aurait été fondé par des immigrants de Puyo et comme les nobles de Koguryo se seraient imposés aux autochtones de la plaine du Han.
		Koguryo occupé avec les attaque chinoises, Paekche s’en prend à Silla qui doit reculer ses frontières occidentales sur le Naktong.
		La haine vouée par Paekche à Silla en faisait l’allié de Koguryo au sud, les Tangs comprirent rapidement l’avantage qu’il pourrait tirer d’une alliance avec Silla.
	qboy.free.fr /fr/coree/histoire.htm (4947 words)

	Korean and Tae Kwon Do History
		Paekche occupied the southwestern portion of the peninsula and Silla the southeast, with Kaya filling in a wedge between them, dominating the Naktung river basin.
		Paekche mounted an impressive resistance in spite of treachery at the highest levels of state, including a series of assassinations, but after three years Paekche came to an end.
		Silla discovered that the Tang had ulterior motives for their assistance with the dismantling of Paekche and Koguryo, for once those territories had fallen, the Tang set up a series of commanderies in Koguryo and Paekche, naming natives of those areas as its commanders.
	thewhitewolf.net /tkdhistory.html (4005 words)

	Rudy DiMickele's TaeKwonDo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Korea was in the last stages of its Three Kingdoms period with the powerful Koguryo kingdom occupying the northern part of the peninsula, Paekche to the southwest, and the Shilla to the southeast.
		The packche was the weaker of the three during the seventh century, with the once powerful Koguryo slowly losing its sature and the rising Shilla Kingdom gaining momentum that would ultimately allow it to unite the peninsula under its rule in the later part of that century.
		We also know that Kyebaek was fiercely loyal to the kingdom and its king even though the last years of Paekche had seen a disastrous decay in its strength largely due to a king who ignored his kingdom in favor of pursuing his personal pleasures.
	www.franklinsidekicks.com /Kyebaek.htm (793 words)

	Korea - Papers in English - Kudara (The language of Paekche - 1)
		conclude that the language of Paekche was basically a southern language, to which a northern language «superstratum» was superimposed.
		Therefore, according to what it is said in this passage, the language of Paekche was almost the same as that of Koguryŏ, and this means that the language of the dominant population imposed itself to the detriment of the language of the dominated population.
		The difficulty is given by the fact that, while Silla and Koguryŏ did always occupy the same territories, Paekche was partly formed by a northern population migrated to the South and partly by a local southern population.
	www.corea.it /kudara_2.htm (1567 words)

	A Concise History of Korea
		With this transformation Mahan became the kingdom of Paekche, and Chinhan and Pyonhan merged to form the kingdom of Silla.
		Paekche conquered one of the Chinese commanderies, Daifang; as a result it absorbed so much Chinese culture that by 350 the Paekche court was keeping all its records in Chinese, and by 400 Paekche scholars were introducing the Chinese classics into Japan.
		When King Song of Paekche (523-554) attempted to recover the stolen territory, he was killed in battle; after this Paekche had to face enemies on two fronts.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neasia/korea.html (18993 words)

	Japan, Buddhism and Warlords
		Buddhism may have arrived in Japan earlier, but the commonly believed time of its arrival in Japan was around the mid-500s, when the Korean king of Paekche was fighting the king of neighboring Silla and wished to ally himself with Japan.
		The king of Paekche presented Japan's emperor with an image of the Buddha and some sacred Buddhist writings, and he described Buddhism as the religion of the civilized world.
		The Soga clan had been rising in influence, including marrying their daughters into the ruling Yamato family, and the Soga clan leader believed what the king of Paekche had said: that Buddhism was the religion of the most civilized.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h07japan.htm (4023 words)

	[No title]
		In 371, Paekche army of King Kun ChÕogo dealt King Kogugwon of Koguryo a harsh blow by thrusting north all the way to PÕyhongyang and killing the Koguryo monarch in the battle for the city.
		According to the Samguk Yusa, in 381, the monk Marananta came to Paekche from Eastern Chin and was warmly welcomed by the kingÕs court.
		From Koguryo and Paekche, Buddhism was transmitted to Silla.
	www.dpg.devry.edu /~akim/sck/bud.htm (4725 words)

	Early Korea
		Silla and Paekche had sought to use Chinese power against Kogury, inaugurating another tradition of involving foreign powers in internal Korean disputes.
		It seized Tang-occupied Paekche territories by 671, pushed Kogury still further northward, and drove the Tang commanderies off the peninsula by 676, thereby guaranteeing that the Korean people would develop independently, without outside influences.
		After a crushing victory in 930 over Paekche forces at present-day Andong, South Korea, Kory obtained a formal surrender from Silla and proceeded to conquer Later Paekche by 935--amazingly, with troops led by former Paekche king Kynhwn, whose son had treacherously cast him aside.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Korea.html (6834 words)

	Korea - Papers in English - Kudara (The language of Paekche - 2)
		To a similar conclusion, keeping in mind that the Chinese writing was adopted in Paekche around the half of the fourth century A.D., seems to lead also the study of one of the phonetic characteristics of the languages of Silla, Paekche and Koguryŏ, that is the palatalization of the t.
		Quoted in the section concerning Koguryŏ, because the Paekche's territory where it was, was in 475 A.D. occupied by Koguryŏ.
		Mich'uhol is definitely a name of Paekche, because it is mentioned in the tale of the foundation of the state, even if, because of the fact that the area where it was located became afterwards territory of Koguryŏ, is listed in the Samguk sagi among the place-names of Koguryŏ.
	www.corea.it /kudara_3.htm (2510 words)

	WSWG 16 \| Korea Map 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Paekche, like Koguryo, was in the zone of previous Chinese occupation and influence.
		Whereas Koguryo had continuing land contacts with north China, Paekche was in touch by sea with the southern Chinese states, from which Buddhism was introduced in 384.
		Finally a Chinese naval assault on Paekche in 660, together with cooperation from Silla on the east, succeeded in destroying Paekche.
	www.unipeak.com /gethtml.php?_u_r_l_=aHR0cDovL3d3dy51bWFzcy5lZHUvd3NwL2NvbmZlcmVuY2VzL3dzd2cvMTYva29yZWFtYXAxLmh0bWw= (468 words)

	SGI News November 24, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Paekche Institute of the Arts Presents Honorary Professorship upon Soka University Founder and Mrs.
		Paekche Institute of the Arts founder Lee (left) presents award certificate to Mr.
		On November 23, Paekche Institute of the Arts presented honorary professorships to Soka University founder Daisaku Ikeda and Mrs.
	www.sgi.org /english/News/nb/0411/nb041124.htm (360 words)

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