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Topic: Penet remailer

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	Penet remailer
		The Penet remailer was a pseudonymous remailer operated by Johan Helsingius[?] of Finland from 1993 to 1996.
		Helsingius refused all requests to reveal the identities of the users of his remailer, until Scientology used the legal system to force him to reveal the identity of one person who had posted a Scientology document to the newsgroup alt.religion.scientology in January of 1995.
		Helsingius successfully defended his remailer in court against Scientology's further attempts to obtain the identities of its users, but he felt that the legal system in his native country was not able to provide adequate protection against further legal attacks.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pe/Penet_remailer.html (344 words)

	Pseudonymous remailer
		A pseudonymous remailer, as opposed to an anonymous remailer, is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write anonymous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send anonymous email under a pseudonym.
		Primoridal pseudonymous remailers once recorded enough information to trace the identity of the real user, making it is possible for someone to obtain the identity the real user through legal or illegal means.
		The most popular pseudonymous remailer was the Penet remailer, which lasted from 1993 to 1996.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ps/Pseudonymous_remailer.html (165 words)

	Anonymous remailer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, Mixmaster anonymous remailers, and nym servers, among others which differ in how they work, in the policies they adopt, and in the type of attack on anonymity of email they can (are intended to) resist.
		Some remailers forward their anonymized email to still other remailers, and only after several such hops is the email actually delivered to the intended address.
		Pseudonymous remailers, also called type IV A Pseudonymous remailer, simply takes away the email address of the sender, gives a pseudonym to the sender and sends the message to the intended recipient (who can be answered via that remailer).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anonymous_remailer (2170 words)

	Penet remailer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Helsingius refused all requests to reveal the identities of the users of his remailer, until the Church of Scientology used the legal system to force him to reveal the identity of one person who had posted a Scientology document to the newsgroup alt.religion.scientology in January of 1995.
		Because of the use of the legal system to attack the anonymity Penet offered to its users (and other attacks against anonymity elsewhere), more sophisticated anonymity networks were developed, like Type I Nymservers, of which not even the operator of the server can know the real identity of a pseudonym holder.
		This is made possible by using cryptography and anonymous remailers such as cypherpunk remailers and Mixmaster.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penet_remailer (494 words)

	Penet remailer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Penet remailer was a pseudonymous remailer operated by Johan \"Julf\" Helsingius of Finland from 1993 to 1996.
		One of the first remailers, the Penet remailer was very popular, and it had a wide following, as well as a large number of critics.
		The Melontraffickers Anonymous Remailer This is the official homepage of the "randseed" remailer.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Penet_remailer.html (595 words)

	Anonymous remailer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Penet's operator shut it down after destroying its records (including the list) to retain (The distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity) identity (Discretion in keeping secret information) confidentiality for its users.
		To the extent that anonymity (and so anonymous remailers) are used to exercise free speech, neither should be an issue at all, the question having been settled.
		In most cases, remailers are owned and operated by individuals, and are not as stable as they might ideally be.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/anonymous_remailer.htm (1963 words)

	What is an anonymous remailer?
		To use a chain of anonymous remailers, I first have to prepare the message, which is nestled within multiple layers of encryption, like a Russian matryoshka doll.
		Anyway, after preparing the message, it is sent to the first anonymous remailer in the chain, which corresponds to the outermost layer of encryption.
		One anonymous remailer of note is the W3 Anonymous Remailer provided by the George Mason Society and the Global Internet Liberty Campaign.
	www.tech-faq.com /anonymous-remailer.shtml (991 words)

	Dino Finance
		There are Cypherpunk anonymous remailers, Mixmaster anonymous remailers, and nym servers, among others which differ in how they work, in the policies they adopt, and in the type of attack on anonymity of email they can (are intended to) resist.
		Some remailers change both types of address in messages they forward, and the list of forwarding nodes in email messages as well, as the message passes through; in effect, they substitute 'fake source addresses' for the originals.
		Some remailers forward their anonymized email to still other remailers, and only after several such hops is the email actually delivered to the intended address.
	www.dinotopia.org /finance (2734 words)

	The Hack FAQ: What is an anonymous remailer?
		The remailer at anon.penet.fi is immensely popular, with over 160,000 users over its lifetime, and probably tens of thousands of messages per day.
		To use a chain of remailers, I first have to prepare the message, which is nestled within multiple layers of encryption, like a Russian matryoshka doll.
		Anyway, after preparing the message, it is sent to the first remailer in the chain, which corresponds to the outermost layer of encryption.
	www.asociacion-aecsi.es /doc/Misc/alt.2600-FAQ/data-networks/anonymous-remailer.shtml (1008 words)

	Encyclopedia: Penet remailer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A pseudonymous remailer or nym server, as opposed to an anonymous remailer, is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write anonymous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send anonymous email under a pseudonym.
		A Cypherpunk anonymous remailer is an anonymous remailer that takes messages encrypted with PGP or GPG, or in some cases in plain text, and forwards it removing any identity information from the header.
		Mixmaster is an anonymous remailer which sends messages in fixed-size packets and reorders them, preventing anyone watching the messages go in and out of remailers from tracing them.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Penet-remailer (990 words)

	Life After Penet
		Remailers are remote mail drops that "anonymize" e-mail and other Internet postings by removing the sender's address from a message and then sending it on, making it possible for whistle-blowers, dissidents, and others requiring anonymity to avoid revealing their true identities.
		Penet has helped everyone from human rights activists fearing reprisals to people recovering from sexual abuse to people with straight jobs who want to discuss their erotic peccadillos in public forums.
		Other remailers have come and gone, but the Penet computer was always up, and its latency (the delay between the time it received a message and re-sent it) was always reasonable.
	wfmu.org /~davem/docs/penet.html (821 words)

	Privacy-enhancing technologies for the Internet
		An anonymous remailer can be thought of as a mail server which combines the previous two techniques, but using a computer to automate the header-stripping and resending process [4, 16, 17, 24].
		remailer was the most widely used remailer; sadly, it was shut down recently after being harassed by legal pressure [18].
		One of the most common abuses of remailers is junk email, where senders hide behind anonymity to send vast quantities of unsolicited email (usually advertising) to a large number of recipients who find it unwelcome.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~daw/papers/privacy-compcon97-www/privacy-html.html (4645 words)

	ipedia.com: Anonymous remailer Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Some remailers change both types of address in messages they forward, and the list of forwarding nodes in email as well, as the message passes through; in effect, they substitute 'fake source addresses' for the originals.
		More recent remailers use cryptography in an attempt to provide more or less the same service, but without so much risk of loss of user confidentiality.
		Random padding of messages, random delays before forwarding, and encryption of forwarding information between forwarding remailers, increases the degree of difficulty for attackers still further as message size and timing can be largely eliminated as a traffic analysis clue, and lack of easily readable forwarding information makes ineffective simple automated traffic analysis algorithms.
	www.ipedia.com /anonymous_remailer.html (1896 words)

	Anonymous Remailers
		This type of remailer is easier to use, but you must to trust your remailer operator not to reveal the list that matches your address with the anonymous one.
		A Cypherpunk remailer simply strips email headers that may reveal the identity of the sender (similar to pseudo anonymous remailers) from the message, but do not include return addresses.
		Remailers are not guaranteed to be active around the clock.
	members.tripod.com /~smanage/anon.html (1156 words)

	CMC Magazine: A Brief History of anon.penet.fi
		A remailer is an address through which electronic messages pass that for some reason or other should not bear one's own name and address.
		As well as threats from moralists who regard this Finnish remail service to be a dangerous source used to distribute smut, the Church of Scientology would like to pull the plug on this remailer and has called in lawyers to make the names of anonymous critics of Scientology known.
		By setting up a remailer I would make it very difficult for one country to put censorship in place, since the Internet is global every person with a modem can use my service and circumvent censorship legislation, this person can speak freely and should not fear retribution for speaking what is on his mind.
	www.december.com /cmc/mag/1997/sep/helmers.html (1604 words)

	Penet remailer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Penet remailer was a pseudonymousremailer operated by Johan "Julf" Helsingius of Finland from 1993 to 1996.
		One of the firstremailers, the Penet remailer was very popular, and it had a wide following, as well as a large number of critics.
		Helsingius successfully defended his remailer in court against Scientology's further attempts to obtain the identities of itsusers, but he felt that the legal system in his native country was not able to provide adequate protection against further legalattacks.
	www.therfcc.org /penet-remailer-131019.html (388 words)

	TAZ Servers and the Rewebber Network Enabling Anonymous Publishing on the World Wide Web by Ian Goldberg and David ...
		An anonymous remailer can be thought of as a mail server which combines the previous two techniques, but using a computer to automate the header-stripping and resending process [4].
		remailer was the most widely used remailer; sadly, it was shut down recently after being harassed by legal pressure [5].
		In the realm of e-mail, operators of remailers often come under fire when their services are abused by people sending threatening letters or untraceable spam; the undesirability of handling irate end-users causes the number of remailers to stay low, potentially impacting on the security of the overall system.
	www.firstmonday.dk /issues/issue3_4/goldberg/index.html (7203 words)

	First Monday: Prospects for Remailers
		Remailers have permitted Internet users to take advantage of the medium as a means to communicate with others globally on sensitive issues while maintaining a high degree of privacy.
		When the last remailer in the network is reached, the message is sent to the intended recipient, either to a specific e-mail account or to a Usenet newsgroup.
		First, if all remailers in a given chain were located in different jurisdictions (countries or states), it would be a significant hurdle for any one agency to obtain cooperation in all jurisdictions and force some information to be revealed.
	www.firstmonday.dk /issues/issue2/remailers (3278 words)

	Anonymous Mail Servers
		The Penet remailer (anon.penet.fi) was a pseudonymous remailer operated by Johan "Julf" Helsingius of Finland from 1993 to 1996.
		Helsingius refused all requests to reveal the identities of the users of his remailer, until the Church of Scientology used the legal system to force him to reveal the identity of one person who had posted a Scientology document to the newsgroup alt.religion.scientology in January of 1995.
		Initially he was asked to turn over the identities of all users of his remailer (which numbered over 300,000 at the time), but he managed a compromise and revealed only the single user being sought by the Church of Scientology.
	www.anonymails.com /anonymous-mail-servers/anonymous-mail-servers.html (378 words)

	Anonymity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Johan Helsingius, a Finnish computer specialist who operated the now-defunct anon.penet.fi remailer, emphasized the importance of an outlet for "racial, political,[or] sexual minorities." [7] Another advocate has expressed that the real benefit of anonymity is that speech can be analyzed in a neutral light, free from race or gender bias.
		If any of the anonymous remailer operators do not log messages which have been forwarded through their system, the end recipient realistically should not be able to trace the message.
		In contrast to complicated anonymous remailers, pseudonymous remailers like anon.penet.fi were simple to use because messages were sent to one remailer which attached the pseudonym and forwarded the message to the recipient.
	gsulaw.gsu.edu /lawand/papers/sp97/anon1.html (3438 words)

	The Free Haven Project
		In this way a chain of remailers can be built, such that the first remailer in the chain knows the sender, the last remailer knows the recipient, and the middle remailers know neither.
		By prepending the reply block to a message and sending the two together to the first remailer in the chain, a message can be sent to a party without knowing his or her real e-mail address.
		With the advent of remailers which required the use of PGP or the Mixmaster software, the difficulty of using remailers increased.
	www.freehaven.net /related-comm.html (4668 words)

	Should Individuals be Allowed to Remain Anonymous on the Internet
		However, with an untraceable remailer, the identity of the sender is incapable of being known.
		Using the type of remailer an individual is capable of retaining complete anonymity through the process of "chaining." Chaining is a process by which the electronic communication is sent through a series of remailers, sometimes as many as a couple dozen.
		Under the Playboy decision, remailer operators would be liable for copyright infringement by their users, regardless of whether the operator knows of the infringement.
	noisebox.dhs.org /remailer/gdbrown.html (4824 words)

	Anonymailzer.com - Azureus
		A Pseudonymous remailer, simply takes away the email address of the sender, gives a pseudonym to the sender and sends the message to the intended recipient (who can be answered via that remailer).
		Penet's operator shut it down after destroying its records (including the list) to retain identity confidentiality for its users; though not before being forced to supply the court with the real email addresses of two of its users.
		Random padding of messages, random delays before forwarding, and encryption of forwarding information between forwarding remailers, increases the degree of difficulty for attackers still further as message size and timing can be largely eliminated as traffic analysis clues, and lack of easily readable forwarding information render ineffective simple automated traffic analysis algorithms.
	www.anonymailzer.com (1605 words)

	Dino Finance
		Anonymous remailers can assist in preventing, or at least hampering, this as well.
		There is no way to ensure that any particular remailer server will never cause problems for its users (eg, loss of identity confidentiality).
		A remailer system not under one's own (expert level) control will always remain, to some extent, unknown.
	www.dinotopia.org /finance/index.html (2734 words)

	Anon, Goggles, Accessories, Skiing & Snowboarding at Sporting Goods Junction
		Julf's remailer worked by receiving an e-mail from a person, stripping away all the technical information that could be used to identify the original source of the e-mail, and then remailing the message to its final destination.
		The Penet remailer was on two occasions required by the legal system in Finland (the country where Penet resided) to turn over the real e-mail address that was mapped to an anonymous e-mail address.
		Despite its relatively weak security, the Penet remailer was a hugely popular remailer owing to its ease of anonymous account set-up and use compared to more secure but less user-friendly remailers, and had over 700,000 registered users at the time of its shutdown in September 1996.
	www.sportinggoodsjunction.com /anon.htm (488 words)

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