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Topic: Phenomenology

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	Phenomenology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that takes the intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience.
		As such, phenomenological thought influenced the development of existential phenomenology and existentialism in France, as is clear from the work of Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, and Munich phenomenology (Johannes Daubert, Adolf Reinach in Germany and Alfred Schütz in Austria).
		An important element of phenomenology that Husserl borrowed from Brentano was intentionality, the notion that the main characteristic of consciousness is that it is always intentional.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phenomenology (1886 words)

	phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Phenomenology is a movement in philosophy that has been adapted by certain sociologists to promote an understanding of the relationship between states of individual consciousness and social life.
		Phenomenology was initially developed by Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), a German mathematician who felt that the objectivism of science precluded an adequate apprehension of the world (Husserl 1931, 1970).
		Phenomenology is used in two basic ways in sociology: (1) to theorize about substantive sociological problems and (2) to enhance the adequacy of sociological research methods.
	hss.fullerton.edu /sociology/orleans/phenomenology.htm (4947 words)

	ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHENOMENOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Phenomenology arose in ambivalent interaction with neo-Kantianism and is currently contrasted in the Anglo-American world with analytic philosophy and internationally with Marxism and psychoanalysis.
		Phenomenology incorporates language into a larger theory of intentionality, so that the meaning of signs is derivative from the meaning of intentional acts.
		Thus the phenomenology of religion may be descriptive of the essential structures of all religious experience as well as of religious objects; it may be a search for religious meaning and so presuppose a phenomenological reduction; it may be an inquiry into what religions mean for Dasein's being-in-the-world and authenticity, etc.
	www.sirreadalot.org /philosophy/philosophy/encyclopediaphenomenologyR.htm (3888 words)

	Husserl's Britanica Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Phenomenology as the science of all conceivable transcendental phenomena and especially the synthetic total structures in which alone they are concretely possible--those of the transcendental single subjects bound to communities of subjects is eo ipso the a priori science of all conceivable beings.
		It is divided into eidetic phenomenology (or all-embracing ontology) as first philosophy, and as second philosophy, [it is] the science of the universe of facta, or of the transcendental intersubjectivity that synthetically comprises all facta.
		Phenomenology as eidetic is, on the other hand, rationalistic: it overcomes restrictive and dogmatic rationalism, however, through the most universal rationalism of inquiry into essences, which is related uniformly to transcendental subjectivity, to the I, consciousness, and conscious objectivity.
	www.hfu.edu.tw /~huangkm/phenom/husserl-britanica.htm (6172 words)

	Phenomenology
		Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.
		Phenomenology is commonly understood in either of two ways: as a disciplinary field in philosophy, or as a movement in the history of philosophy.
		His phenomenology addressed the role of attention in the phenomenal field, the experience of the body, the spatiality of the body, the motility of the body, the body in sexual being and in speech, other selves, temporality, and the character of freedom so important in French existentialism.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/phenomenology (9015 words)

	Ethics and Phenomenology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Phenomenology is, generally speaking, a discipline that examines questions of metaphysics and epistemology.
		Phenomenology is the philosophical movement somewhere between existentialism and logical positivism.
		Phenomenology is concerned with ethics in the broad sense of ethos or culture.
	www.iep.utm.edu /e/eth-phen.htm (9418 words)

	What is existential-phenomenology?
		Phenomenology, beginning with Edmund Husserl, urges that the world of immediate or "lived" experience takes precendence over the objectified and abstract world of the "natural attitude" of natural science.
		Phenomenology, therefore, engages in a process known as "bracketing" in which the "natural attitude" is placed aside such that the researcher may begin with "the things themselves," as Husserl said — or, in other words, in the phenomena as they show themselves in experience.
		Maurice Merleau-Ponty's famous description of phenomenology is quite instructive; as he writes, the phenomenologist returns "to the world which precedes (scientific description), (the world) of which science always speaks, and in relation to which every scientific characterization is an abstract and derivative sign language, as is geography in relation to the countryside."
	www.mythosandlogos.com /whatep.html (7199 words)

	Phenomenology
		Phenomenology is “science of consciousness,” “in that consciousness is, in general, knowledge of an object, either exterior or interior.” Hegel writes in the preface to the Phenomenology: “The immediate Being of spirit, consciousness, possesses two moments: that of knowledge, and that of objectivity which is the negative with regard to this knowledge.
		Here again phenomenology was led inevitably, by the very fact that it is not a metaphysics but a philosophy of the concrete, to take hold of sociological data in order to clarify itself, and equally to put into question the procedures by which sociologists obtain this data, in order to clarify sociology.
		Thus phenomenology does not propose a philosophy of history, but it responds in the affirmative to the question that began this chapter—at least if the meaning of the word “science” is not limited to mechanism, and if note is taken of the methodological revision outlined in our discussion of sociology.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/lyotard.htm (6608 words)

	The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We shall maintain that phenomenology is not just one philosophical science among others, nor is it the science preparatory to the rest of them; rather, the expression "phenomenology" is the name for the method of scientific philosophy in general.
		In his Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel speaks of a "moral world-view." Görres makes use of the expression "poetic world-view." Ranke speaks of the "religious and Christian world-view." Mention is made sometimes of the democratic, sometimes of the pessimistic world-view or even of the medieval world-view.
		Phenomenology is the name for the method of ontology, that is, of scientific philosophy.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/heidegge.htm (8670 words)

	Heidegger, Phenomenology and the Essence of Technology
		For Husserl the subject-matter of phenomenology is consciousness and the intentionality of consciousness.
		Phenomenology thus understood describes the essential structures of consciousness independently of questions of the reality of its objects.
		In his Marburg lectures of 1928, The Basic Problems of Phenomenology, he describes phenomenology as the science of being, but because being is only accessible in the understanding of being this does not contradict the assertion that the subject-matter of phenomenology is Dasein.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /philosophy/endsandmeans/vol2no1/gorner.shtml (1902 words)

	Phenomenology glossary
		Phenomenology is the act of trying to experience the total reality of the consciousness of someone who experiences his or her world in a certain place and time.
		Phenomenology has roots in the greek word "phenesti," which means to show forth, bringing into the light of day.
		Rollo May says, "Phenomenology is the science that makes the bridge between nature and the world and our personal immediate experience." Phenomenology strives not to gain power or control over nature or the mind, but to work holistically with mind and nature.
	www.sonoma.edu /users/d/daniels/phenomenology.html (897 words)

	Phenomenology -- Philosophy Books and Online Resources
		Phenomenology, 20th-century philosophical movement dedicated to describing the structures of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines such as the natural sciences.
		Phenomenology is a school of philosophy whose principal purpose is to study the phenomena, or appearances, of human experience while attempting to suspend all consideration of their objective reality or subjective association.
		SPEP is the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy, a professional organization devoted to supporting philosophy inspired by Continental European traditions.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~20thcentury/html/phenomenology.htm (1152 words)

	What is Phenomenology?
		For many people, the word "phenomenology" is difficult to pronounce and those who hear the word for the first time often ask what it means.
		Phenomenology began in the philosophical reflections of Edmund Husserl in Germany during the mid-1890s and is thus over a century old.
		The issues addressed in hermeneutical phenomenology include simply all of those that were added to the agenda in the previous tendencies and stages.
	www.phenomenologycenter.org /phenom.htm (1395 words)

	Alfred Denker (ed.), Michael Vater (ed.) - Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: New Critical Essays - Reviewed by Thom ...
		Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit is perhaps his best-known work, both well known for its influence on later philosophers as well as its apparent impenetrability.
		Indeed, the Phenomenology is, again, the preface to Hegel's larger system: it makes the case for our need of speculative philosophy, which is then laid out in outline form in Hegel's Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences.
		All in all, the collection is very readable, it addresses the whole of the Phenomenology, and the contributions have a certain unity, born from their generally more 'continental' rather than 'analytic' flavour.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=2921 (1857 words)

	THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF EMBODIED AGENCY
		This suggests that the picture of the phenomenology that ”must be respected” is the what-it-is-like of bodily sensations, of sensations that occur in perception, and perhaps of certain analogous nonperceptual states, such as imaginings and image-like rememberings.
		Hence the “phenomenology” to be respected in accounting for the relation between mind and body includes far more than the typical examples of qualia and their kin in memory and imagination.
		It seems extraordinarily stilted, in terms of the phenomenology of the matter, to say that you slice the onion because you want to cook a meatloaf and believe that slicing an onion is necessary for cooking a meatloaf.
	dingo.sbs.arizona.edu /~thorgan/papers/Phenomenology.of.Embodied.Agency.htm (3791 words)

	Alfred Schutz
		His Phenomenology of the Social World supplied philosophical foundations for Max Weber's sociology and for economics, with which he was familiar through contacts with colleagues of the Austrian school.
		Moroever, his normative judgment against implementations of democracy that increase the anonymity of citizens suggests that a parallel normative, even ethical, dimension informs his many theoretic endeavors to retrieve from anonymity the neglected subjective viewpoint of actors, whether strangers, homecomers, victims of discrimination, or the “forgotten man” of social sciences.
		In the last thirteen years of his life, Schutz was preparing a comprehensive phenomenology of the natural attitude, and one manuscript, edited by Richard Zaner, was posthumously published as Reflections on the Problem of Relevance, and another, co-authored by Thomas Luckmann, appeared as The Structures of the Life World.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/schutz (8034 words)

	John Russon - Reading Hegel's Phenomenology - Reviewed by John McCumber, University of California, Los Angeles - ...
		He seeks to help readers understand the Phenomenology not by beginning from Hegel's passages and then rewording them, but by thinking through some of the basic issues in the Phenomenology in such a way that the reader becomes familiar with them before turning to Hegel's own tortured treatments.
		Russon also chooses his issues from different places along the pathway of the Phenomenology, so that the whole book is eventually discussed, but always from the perspective of a particular section or set of sections.
		Russon first argues that the Phenomenology is implicitly metaphysics in that, throughout it, ontological claims are paired with epistemological stances: "Each shape is experienced by us as a paired structure of subjective comportment and metaphysical commitment" (p.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=2941 (1425 words)

	UO Philosophy:Concentrations:Cognition & Language
		The study of phenomenology and hermeneutics is pursued on several fronts at the University of Oregon: First, we treat phenomenology as a philosophical method that may be practiced to gain insight into the structures and genesis of experience.
		In this vein, phenomenology becomes a useful method for the study of a full range of philosophical areas, including aesthetics, ethics, language, gender, embodiment, consciousness, the environment, interpretation, etc. Second, we recognize phenomenology and hermeneutics as traditions to be understood within their historical context.
		Moreover, understanding the historical context of phenomenology and hermeneutics involves recognizing their relation with key influences throughout the history of philosophy, such as Plato, Aristotle, and the major figures of German idealism and American pragmatism.
	philosophy.uoregon.edu /concen/phen.html (358 words)

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