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	George Plekhanov
		Plekhanov became the leader of the Black Repartition group that rejected terrorism and supported a socialist propaganda campaign among workers and peasants.
		Plekhanov was strongly opposed to the political views of people such as Sergei Nechaev and Peter Tkachev, who argued that it would be possible for a small group of dedicated revolutionaries to seize power from the Tsar.
		Edited by Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin and Jules Martov, it was printed in several European cities and then smuggled into Russia by a network of SDLP agents.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSplekhanov.htm (1712 words)

	Georgi Plekhanov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plekhanov contributed many ideas to Marxism in the area of philosophy and the roles of art and religion in society.
		Plekhanov was originally a Narodnik, a leader of the organization "Land and Liberty".
		This owed him Lenin's critics as a "Social-Chauvinist" in the April's Theses, which quoted Plekhanov claiming that Lenin was advocating "civil war" in the socialist movement by his supporting the creation of a new International consequently to the 1915 Zimmerwald Conference and the subsequent dissolving, in 1916, of the Second International.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov (379 words)

	Georgii Valentinovich Plekhanov
		Plekhanov was an absolutely incomparable conversationalist in the brilliance of his wit, the wealth of his knowledge, the ease with which he could mobilize the most enormous concentration of mental power on any subject.
		Plekhanov insisted that close alliance between the Party and the trades unions might be detrimental to the Party, that the task of the trades unions was to improve the workers' lot within the capitalist system whereas the Party's task was to destroy that system itself.
		Plekhanov was the Grand Old Man of Russian social democracy, the trusted associate of Engels, a thinker of immense erudition and culture, a founder of the Russian social democratic movement and one of the two men (the other was Karl Marx) to whose writings Lenin specifically attributed his own conversion to Marxism.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/classics/lunacharsky/georgii_valentinovich_plekhanov.html (4453 words)

	Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He was a leader in introducing Marxist theory to Russia and is often called the "Father of Russian Marxism." As a youth he joined the Populist organization Land and Freedom (see narodniki), but he broke (1879) with it because of his opposition to political terror.
		Turning to Marxist socialism, he became one of the chief founders of the League for the Emancipation of Labor (1883), the nucleus of the Russian Social Democratic Labor party, and in 1900 with V. Lenin began to publish the Socialist newspaper Iskra [spark].
		In his writings Plekhanov took the view that conditions in Russia would not be ripe for socialism until capitalism and industrialization had progressed sufficiently.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/plekhano.asp (320 words)

	Lunacharsky on Plekhanov
		Plekhanov liked this; sometimes he would deal playfully with me like a big dog with a puppy and would knock me on my back with an unexpected swipe of his great paw, sometimes he grew angry and sometimes he would expound his views with great earnestness.
		Plekhanov was an absolutely incomparable conversationalist in the brilliance of his wit, the wealth of his knowledge, the ease with which he could mobilize the most enormous concentration of mental power on any subject.
		Plekhanov insisted that close alliance between the Party and the trades unions might be detrimental to the Party, that the task of the trades unions was to improve the workers' lot within the capitalist system whereas the Party's task was to destroy that system itself.
	www.art-bin.com /art/oluna3ple.html (3426 words)

	BookRags: Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov Biography
		The Russian revolutionist and social philosopher Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (1856-1918) is considered the founder of Russian Marxism.
		Georgi Plekhanov was born on Nov. 29, 1856, to a petty gentry family with a tradition of military service.
		Plekhanov entered the Russian revolutionary movement at a time when its efforts to establish a new order based on the peasant commune were at a low ebb.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/georgi-valentinovich-plekhanov (592 words)

	CSSHS Archives - v16n4p11.htm
		Plekhanov was known as the "Father of Russian Marxism." He founded the first Marxist organization in Russia and dominated the Russian Marxist movement for some twenty years.
		Plekhanov coined the term "dialectic materialism" in 1891 in an essay on Hegel.2 He became alienated from Lenin and the Bolsheviks because they insisted that, contrary to orthodox Marxist theory, a socialist-communist revolution was possible in Russia without first passing through an intermittent "second stage" of capitalist industrialization.
		Plekhanov's "comfort" in the face of death was stated in terms of reincarnation reminiscent of Buddhism or Hinduism, branches of pantheist idealist monism.
	www.creationism.org /csshs/v16n4p11.htm (2295 words)

	Lecture Three: The origins of Bolshevism and What Is To Be Done? Part 2
		Plekhanov’s founding of the Emancipation of Labor Group in 1883, the year of Marx’s death, was an act of immense political foresight, not to mention intellectual and physical courage.
		Plekhanov also anticipated many of the critical issues of class orientation and revolutionary strategy that would continue to bedevil the socialist movement throughout the twentieth century and, indeed, up to the present day.
		The struggle waged by Plekhanov defined the essential tasks of those who would call themselves socialists—to concentrate all their efforts on the development of the political class consciousness of the working class and to prepare it for its historical role as the leader of the socialist revolution.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/sep2005/le32-s07.shtml (1660 words)

	Marxism and populism in Russia \| Workers' Liberty
		Plekhanov, walking away from the Voronyazh congress of ZiV in June 1879 which sanctioned the new turn, was, I wrote, not yet a Marxist, but close to it.
		Plekhanov was still a "conservative" populist, an unreconstructed follower of the ideas of Mikhail Bakunin which had guided the previous phase of populist activity, and not an innovator.
		What Plekhanov's conversation to Marxism would entail was a radical revision of the conception of the Russian revolution common to all the populists, who believed, in the peasant communes which held land in common, Russia already had the structures of an agrarian socialism.
	www.workersliberty.org /node/1607 (2855 words)

	W. I. Lenin HOW THE "SPARK"WAS NEARLY EXTINGUISHED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plekhanov proposed that a certain person (as yet unpublished in our literature, but in whom he claims to see philosophical talent; the person is unknown to me, except for a blind worship of Plekhanov) be assigned the writing of an article on a philosophical subject.
		Plekhanov declared that he absolutely rejected the third variant, that he insisted emphatically that this arrangement be definitely excluded, and that he agreed to the first two.
		Plekhanov said he had noticed that Arsenyev was irritated by his refusal concerning Struve; I remarked that he, on the contrary, had laid down conditions to us, notwithstanding his statement, previously made during our conversation in the woods, that he would impose no conditions.
	www.sozialistische-klassiker.org /Lenin/Lene06.html (5051 words)

	Glossary of People: Pl
		Plekhanov renewed his struggle against Narodism, pointing out flaws in revolutionary appeals to the Russian peasantry alone, and flaws in the tactics of terrorism, being the opposite of mass action; a requirment for Socialist revolution.
		Plekhanov theoretical position was that Russia's proletariat should be sent to the battlefields against the Russian autocracy, and after having overthrown it, they should work to establish a bourgeois government.
		Plekhanov supported the World War, while millions of Russian's were dying and refusing to fight, up until the Soviet government signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which horrified Plekhanov.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/p/l.htm (1098 words)

	Three new books on the problem of the Tunguska explosion of 1908
		Plekhanov's book is mainly memoirs of the people and events of the initial period of activities of the IITE—the Interdisciplinary Independent Tunguska Expedition, an informal scientific research institute on the Tunguska problem that in fact took on the main weight of research work in this field (for details see RB, Vol.
		Soon, however, Plekhanov convinced himself that the empirical information obtained in several expeditions to the Tunguska explosion site does not confirm this hypothesis (there was found no "nozzle", so to speak) and he left his post of the IITE head—still actively participating during all the following years in its research and organizing work.
		Plekhanov himself is a doctor of biology and in particular has made a great contribution to the study of genetic mutations in this area.
	www.geocities.com /riap777/books.html (3336 words)

	Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov — Infoplease.com
		Turning to Marxist socialism, he became one of the chief founders of the League for the Emancipation of Labor (1883), the nucleus of the Russian Social Democratic Labor party, and in 1900 with V. Lenin
		In his writings Plekhanov took the view that conditions in Russia would not be ripe for socialism until capitalism and industrialization had progressed sufficiently.
		Although Plekhanov still supported Lenin at the fateful party congress of 1903, he thereafter generally opposed Bolshevism.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0839364.html (262 words)

	[No title]
		Plekhanov's Marxism developed in the context of the debates within Russian populism in the 1880s, as Plekhanov turned from the peasantry to the proletariat as the basis of his revolutionary hopes.
		Plekhanov's Philosophy of History: the Populist Foundations of Dialectical Materialism Although Plekhanov invented the term, the exposition of the philosophy of `dialectical materialism' is often attributed to Engels. However Plekhanov's characterisation of `dialectical materialism' is significantly different from Engels's characterisation of the `materialist dialectic', and from Marx's own critique of bourgeois philosophy.
		It is very significant that in Plekhanov's extensive discussions of the history of materialism he completely ignores the role of classical political economy, and the historical materialism of the Scottish Enlightenment, for the latter proposed a philosophy of history which corresponds exactly to Plekhanov's characterisation of Marx's philosophical revolution.
	www.countdownnet.info /archivio/Analisi_storico_politica/421.doc (8805 words)

	Lot 23 description: "The Parade" by Plekhanov
		The scene presented on this painting by Plekhanov is one of the most important in the recent history of Darokin City.
		Plekhanov created many studies, but the City Council kept on rejecting the results.
		Plekhanov is well known for both his eye for detail and his use of colours.
	www.xs4all.nl /~enee/desc_lot_023.htm (413 words)

	[No title]
		PLEKHANOV'S CONTROVERSY WITH THE ANARCHISTS Plekhanov wrote a special pamphlet on the relation of anarchism to socialism, entitled _Anarchism_and_Socialism_, which was published in german in 1894.
		It is a most amusing combination of subjects and most characteristic of Plekhanov's whole activity on the eve of the revolution and during the revolutionary period in Russia.
		Kautsky will have to achieve his beloved "unity" with the Scheidmanns, Plekhanovs, Potresovs, Tseretelis, and Chernovs, who are quite willing to work for the "shifting of the balance of forces within the state power", for "winning a majority in parliament", and "raising parliament to the ranks of master of the government".
	eserver.org /Govt/state-and-revolution/06.vulgarization-of-marxism.txt (4126 words)

	Vacillating Tactics
		Plekhanov also completely dissociates himself from the Menshevik aim of connecting "action" with the Duma at all costs, even if it be a partial instead of a general action, even if it be an immediate and unprepared action instead of a later and more mature one.
		Plekhanov justly criticises the authors of the Vyborg Manifesto for "restricting" themselves to an appeal not to pay taxes or furnish recruits for the army, and for striving to keep within the law.
		As we have already stated, Plekhanov quite groundlessly evades the question of an uprising as well as the question of the means of struggle in general.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/VT06.html (1273 words)

	To G. V. Plekhanov
		Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich (1856-1918) -- an outstanding leader of the Russian and international labour movement, the first propagandist of Marxism in Russia, founder of the first Russian Marxist group, the Emancipation of Labour group (Geneva 1883).
		At the beginning of the twentieth century Plekhanov, together with Lenin, edited the newspaper Iskra and the journal Zarya, took part in drafting the Party Programme and preparing the Second Congress of the R.S.D.L.P. After this Congress he stood for a conciliatory attitude towards opportunism and eventually joined the Mensheviks.
		Statements concerning the issue of Sovremennoye Obozreniye were written by Plekhanov on behalf of Iskra and Zarya and by Struve on behalf of the "democratic opposition" group.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/TGVPv34y01n11.html (939 words)

	PLEKHANOV RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF ECONOMICS
		Plekhanov graduates successfully work in all branches of the national economy, (many of them holding key posts in the government, major companies, banks, foreign companies and multinational corporations) and prove convincingly that the Academy's approach is right.
		The Plekhanov Academy offers over 20 educational programmes in different fields as well as opportunities for the students to gain additional qualifications and diplomas during their studies.
		The Plekhanov graduates are fluent in foreign languages and have practical skills relevant to their careers.
	www.ceebd.co.uk /ceeed/un/ru/ru339.htm (1354 words)

	[No title]
		Now, under Plekhanov's leadership, the Mensheviks rejoined the moderate Bolsheviks to form a single party.15 Analysis of the Debates and Schism The early debates between the future factions of the Russian Marxists and their subsequent schism illustrate their similarity nicely.
		Similarly, Plekhanov's program stated plainly that a dictatorship of the proletariat would have to seize control of the state and quell all opposition.
		Plekhanov, likewise, chastised Lenin for implicitly denying the inevitability of the proletarian revolution.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/menshev.txt (8450 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: P :: Plekhanov, Georgi
		Turning to Marxist socialism, he became one of the chief founders of the League for the Emancipation of Labour (1883), the nucleus of the Russian Social Democratic Labour party, and in 1900 with Vladimir Lenin began to publish the Socialist newspaper Iskra [spark].
		In his writings Plekhanov took the view that conditions in Russia would not be ripe for socialism until capitalism and industrialisation had progressed sufficiently.
		This opinion was the basis of Menshevik thought after the split (1903) of the Social Democratic Labour party into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/p/print/plekhanov.shtml (253 words)

	Weekly Worker 259 Thursday October 8 1998
		Lenin was concerned that Bogdanov’s philosophical polemics with Plekhanov would undermine the possibility of a renewal of party unity between the Menshevik and Bolshevik wings.
		Lenin concedes that he was wrong to have supported Plekhanov against Bogdanov, even if he still does not agree with Bogdanov, and he now maintains it is necessary to oppose the mechanical materialism of Plekhanov.
		This decisive break with Plekhanov and Kautsky, in profound philosophical, historical materialist and political terms, meant that Lenin had qualitatively become the leader of the Bolshevik party of proletarian revolution.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/259/sharpe.html (2523 words)

	Andrei Plekhanov Player Profile Columbus Blue Jackets Prospect
		After playing some games very early on with the Neftekhimik junior team, he was loaned to Molot Prikamye, but he did not play a single game for them, most likely due to the team’s severe financial crisis.
		Plekhanov comes with extremely high praise from former Neftekhimik (and current Moscow Dynamo) coach Krikunov, who has reportedly referred to him as “the future NHL star.” Plekhanov does not possess great size at 6’1, 187 lbs, but has a blend of defensive smarts and offensive skills.
		Theoretically the skills are in Plekhanov to be a top four NHL defenseman, but his injury last season and disappearing act this year, make him nearly impossible to gauge.
	hockeysfuture.com /prospect/andrei_plekhanov (308 words)

	George Plekhanov's Ideological and Theoretical Heritage and the Present-Day World
		11 December, 2006 is the 150-ieth anniversary of the birth of George Plekhanov, the outstanding Russian philosopher, one of the founders of the "Emancipation of Labour" Group and the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, the Party's spokesman for the International II.
		George Plekhanov has considerably contributed to the history of Marxist social thought and working class movement.
		To commemorate the event the Plekhanov House - the National Library of Russia department - in association with the Russian Academy of Sciences and foreign academic institutions, political parties and social groups is organizing an International Conference "George Plekhanov's Ideological and Theoretical Heritage and the Present-Day World", to be held on 11-12 December, 2006.
	www.nlr.ru /tus/111206/index_e.html (197 words)

	Horizons - Artist Biographies - Nikolai Ivanovich Plekhanov
		Plekhanov studied first at the Samara Art and Teachers College, and later in Moscow from 1923–1925 at the studio of D.N. Kardovsky.
		He restored 11th century frescos in Kiev, murals in the cathedrals and tower-chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, and also performed the difficult work of transferring a Vrubel mural painting to canvas.
		Plekhanov painted landscapes, portraits and genre works that were distinguished by a refined style of painting.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Horizons/En/bio-523.html (149 words)

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