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Topic: Presidential system

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	Presidential Libraries
		The presidential libraries system is administered by the National Archives and Records Administration.
		The William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum
		The Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum
	www.whitehouse.gov /history/liblinks.html (53 words)

	Semi-presidential system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day functioning of the administration of a country.
		It differs from the parliamentary system in that it has a popularly elected president who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead, and from the presidential system in that it has an executive prime minister who has a degree of responsibility to the legislature.
		Semi-presidential systems are sometimes typified by periods of cohabitation, in which the prime minister and president are elected separately, and often from rival parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semi-presidential_system (449 words)

	Political System (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Presidential Systems have a chief executive who is directly elected by the voters and who is in control of the executive or administrative branch of government.
		In a Parliamentary System, the leader of the majority party of the lower (popularly elected) house of the legislature is the prime minister (United Kingdom), premier (France, or Chancellor (Germany).
		Thus in a parliamentary system, the executive is a committee of the legislature.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/political_system.htm (780 words)

	Presidential System of Government for India by Dr. Subhash Kapila (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the system of checks and balances that were inserted in the Constitution by the founding fathers in relation to the powers vested in the President and the Supreme Court we see now these being questioned by those who should be setting exemplary standards to uphold them.
		Financially also the Parliamentary system is a heavy drain on the Indian exchequer in terms of Jumbo Cabinets and over 800 members of both Houses of Parliament all to be maintained at five star luxury levels and millions of rupees spent on their perks and privileges.
		Between the American and French systems of Presidential governance the American system is more preferable for India but with the important proviso that the President be elected by a direct vote of all citizens and not an electoral college.
	www.boloji.com /plainspeak/052.htm (1228 words)

	DRP Backs Presidential System Without Prime Minister (Site not responding. Last check: )
		“The System of Governance in the Maldives shall be a Presidential System; under this System there shall be a Head of State (the President of the Republic) and a Head of Government (the Prime Minister).
		Under a presidential system, it is guaranteed that the term of the legislature is for a fixed period and the legislature cannot be dissolved at any moment.
		The fact that we are amending the current system is not because a presidential system is wrong but because the powers are not separated.
	www.minivannews.com /news/news.php?id=2246 (618 words)

	Perhaps a presidential system... - Turkish Daily News Jun 24, 2006
		Turkey's political system was one of the issues addressed by the state reform project conducted by the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) in 1999-2000 at the instigation of Suleyman Demirel, the country's ninth president.
		The presidential system could solve these gangrenous problems since it is based on the qualities of the presidential candidates rather than on political parties.
		Furthermore, under a presidential system there would be no need to retain the rule that says that a given party must be able to receive a minimum 10 percent of the votes to be represented in the Parliament.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=47055 (914 words)

	Teachable Moment -
		The electoral system did not require separate ballots for president and vice president, a loophole that produced a tie in 1800 between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, requiring a decision by the House of Representatives (Jefferson was elected president).
		The biggest problem of the electoral system is a winner-take-all method that, in 48 states, awards all of the state's electoral votes to the candidate who gets the highest number of popular votes in that state.
		For instance, because of the electoral system, the presidential and vice presidential candidates in 2004 attended 268 campaign events during the final month before the election in 13 so-called "battleground states," where the victors were in doubt.
	www.teachablemoment.org /high/electoralsystem.html (2405 words)

	Latin American Electoral Systems
		In 1993, a popular referendum was held to choose among moving to a parliamentary system, returning to a monarchy, or keeping the presidential system.
		The 82 deputies of the Chamber of National Representatives are elected by a system of proportional representation.
		The 99 deputies and 30 senators are elected by a system of proportional representation for five-year terms and may be re-elected.
	pdba.georgetown.edu /Elecdata/systems.html (3524 words)

	Congressman Martin T. Meehan (MA05) - Press Release - Meehan Introduces Bill to Fix Presidential Public Financing ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The presidential public funding system is intended to protect the integrity of the electoral process by allowing presidential candidates to run competitive campaigns without becoming overly dependent on private donors.
		From 1976 to 2004, the presidential public funding system produced competitive elections in which Republicans were elected five times and Democrats three times, while challengers managed to be victorious in three of the six elections in which the incumbent was a candidate.
		Increases the limit for coordinated spending by a national party on behalf of its presidential candidate from approximately $15 million to $25 million between April 1 and the nominating convention and an additional $25 million after a candidate is nominated, indexed for inflation.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/press/ma05_meehan/NR060727presfinance.html (841 words)

	US presidential electoral system
		Of course, the majority vote decision system (the only monotone symmetric unbiased voting system) is votational: it is obtained by giving every elector the same weight, and choosing a threshold of half the total weight (the number of electors must be odd, remember).
		This is also, typically, the system used in the US presidential election: each state represents a caste, each caste's decision system is the monotone symmetric unbiased voting system, and the overall decision system is a weighted votational system.
		Proving that the system is not fair is an easy exercice in group theory (essentially, there are 933120 permutations of the first caste which preserve the decision system, and as many as 10368000 for the two other castes; so the castes cannot be permuted).
	www.madore.org /~david/misc/us-voting.html (3807 words)

	Summer 98: Presidential Versus Parliamentary
		To these, I add that a parliamentary system's methods of checks and balances is inferior to the methods of a presidential system.
		Under parliamentary systems, citizens may be forced to vote for a local candidate whom they dislike in order to support 'their' candidate at the national level.
		Supporters of the parliamentary system may counter this by arguing that such instability is very rare, especially in two-party systems.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~ppq/x98/x98point.html (697 words)

	Presidential Libraries - Museums
		Although the Nixon Presidential Library is a private non-profit, the Presidential Library system also includes the Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, which administers the Nixon Presidential materials under the terms of the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act.
		Before this, Presidential papers were preserved by the heirs of the President, some of which found their way into historical societies and museums — some were lost or voluntarily destroyed.
		The Presidential Records Act of 1978 established that the Presidential records that document the constitutional, statutory, and ceremonial duties of the President are the property of the United States Government.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art26140.asp (581 words)

	The Presidential Election Campaign Fund and Tax Checkoff
		The present system of public funding has evolved since first being proposed by Representative William Bourke Cockran in 1904 and, notably, President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907, as a means of curbing corruption by reducing (if not eliminating) the role of private money in elections.
		The current presidential system is essentially as was established in the 1971 and 1974 statutes.
		In the six presidential elections from 1976-1996, $890.9 million was distributed: $256.6 million to 74 primary candidates, $92.7 million to the 2 major parties for 12 nominating conventions, and $541.6 million for 12 major party nominees and 2 independents in the general election.
	www.opensecrets.org /2000elect/other/presfund/CRS_s95-824.htm (1934 words)

	Bi-Partisan Presidential Debate System a Sham
		In fact, the current arrangement for Presidential debates is a shameful affront to democracy.
		The current system takes corporate money in violation of the regulations promulgated by the FEC in order to run their little exclusive club.
		It is a system designed to exclude questions the two parties don't want to face.
	www.opendebates.org /news/relatedarticles/weyrich.html (847 words)

	Presidential vs. Parliamentary Systems of Government (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In presidential systems, the title of the head of government is usually "President".
		In parliamentary systems, the title of the head of government is usually "Prime Minister".
		In parliamentary systems, this gives rise to two practices, which do not exist in presidential systems: early elections and votes of confidence.
	ccollege.hccs.edu /instru/socsci/lew/2301/const2.htm (841 words)

	New Legislation Introduced Today by Feingold, Meehan... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And in the presidential primaries, almost all of the presidential candidates from both major parties since 1976 have used the public financing system to pay for their races.
		This led to a number of problems with the system, including spending limits in the presidential primary elections that are too low, and it resulted in presidential candidates opting out of the primary financing system in 2004 for strategic and competitive reasons, including the eventual nominees for both major parties.
		We are now facing a presidential election in 2008, where the two major party nominees may well opt out of both the primary and general election public funding system and end up spending a combined $1 billion in private funds on their races.
	releases.usnewswire.com /GetRelease.asp?id=69843 (834 words)

	IndiaMap : Development - National Forum for Presidential Democracy - Why the Forum advocates Presidential System of ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Committee System for enacting legislation and the freedom to vote as per one's conscience : Under the US system, while the members of US legislature are not a part of the Executive, they have been assigned a role where their involvement in the legislative process is nearly total.
		In the process, such a system is apt to bring about a better calibre of leadership which would, in due course of time, be groomed for higher responsible elective positions.
		Because of the security of their tenure and the scope provided by the system to enable them to assert their rights effectively, the Governors at the State level are also able to develop their own personalities without any fear or pressure from the President or other federal leaders.
	www.indiamap.com /development/nfpd5.htm (965 words)

	Bloodied Truth: Parliamentary or Presidential? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An additional cause for quandary that a parliamentary system provides is that in most institutions the parliament, or a portion/portions of it, is also responsible for or part of the legislative component.
		The two prerequisites for a benevolent parliamentary system are, 1) empowering the people for the direct ratification (through elections) of the final coalition which shall comprise the executive component and 2) electing a separate body of representatives of the people which will become the legislative body.
		With a presidential system, the executive component and the legislative component is segregated as either body is elected by independent elections.
	bloodiedtruth.blogspot.com /2006/06/parliamentary-or-presidential.html (1363 words)

	Democracy 21
		These groups have formed the Presidential Public Financing Reform Project to promote major improvements to the presidential campaign finance system by reducing the role of special interest money in presidential elections, increasing the importance of public financing in the primaries, and making enactment of reforms a priority for the presidential candidates and for Congress.
		The problems also include the need to ensure that presidential candidates who enter into the public financing system for the primaries and for the general election are able to run competitive races against candidates who opt out of the system in order to spend large amounts of privately raised funds or their own personal wealth.
		The presidential public financing system is essential to keeping the presidency off the special interest auction block and allowing serious candidates to run financially competitive races for the presidency.
	www.commondreams.org /scriptfiles/news2003/1105-04.htm (701 words)

	DAWN - Opinion; May 26, 2003
		In other words, the presidential system as envisaged by its protagonists is meant to ensure the continuation of the same oligarchy which has administered Pakistan in periods of martial law and under presidential rule.
		The parliamentary system is acceptable to them because in some form or the other it has been present in the subcontinent for a fairly long time.
		Under the parliamentary system provinces have to be given adequate representation in cabinet formation at the centre.
	www.dawn.com /2003/05/26/op.htm (5430 words)

	Online NewsHour: Mission And Background Of The Presidential Library System
		The Presidential library system is composed of nine Presidential Libraries and two Presidential Projects (the Nixon Presidential Materials Staff and the Bush Presidential Materials Project).
		These facilities are overseen by the Office of Presidential Libraries, a division of the National Archives and Records Administration, located in Washington, D.C. These are not "libraries" in the usual sense of the word, but rather repositories for the papers and historical materials of U.S. Presidents.
		The Presidential Library system began in 1939, when legislation was passed accepting the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library as a Presidential archival depository.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/election/intro.html (1162 words)

	Gayoom's Proposed Presidential System is Undemocratic
		Normally, a Presidential system refers to a political system based on the doctrine of Separation of Powers, where Executive, Legislature, Judiciary are separated and function independent of each other's influence.
		A democratic Presidential system is not what Gayoom has proposed in his so called "Reform Agenda".
		Nevertheless, the system Gayoom has proposed is less authoritarian than the present system.
	www.minivannews.com /news/news.php?id=2166 (319 words)

	UW System names presidential finalists Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The current salary scale allows the UW System president to earn as much as $336,854 from the state, which, according to higher education experts, lags behind salaries offered in other states.
		Though Darling would not say the salary limit for the UW presidency was low, she said it was important not to be "penny-wise and pound-foolish" as far as getting quality leaders, especially during times of state financial crises that greatly affect the universities.
		UW System officials say one option they don't have under law is offering the president a deferred compensation package.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_20040717/ai_n10976859 (687 words)

	Government: Parliamentary system
		In the constitution nothing is said about how many ministries there should be and what areas they should cover, therefore their number and sphere of activity vary somewhat with different governments.
		The Swedish party system has, for a long time, been one of the most stable party systems in the world.
		The Swedish party system has been called a "modified two-party system" despite the number of parties in the parliament.
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/government/parlament.html (2523 words)

	National Archives Presidential Libraries and Museums Main Page
		Presidential Libraries are repositories for the papers, records and historical materials of the Presidents.
		The Presidential Libraries work to ensure that these irreplaceable items are preserved and made available for the widest possible use by researchers.
		Presidential Libraries give you the chance to see, hear, and participate in the events that changed our lives and made us who we are as a nation.
	www.archives.gov /presidential-libraries/index.html (142 words)

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