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Topic: Pyrophosphate

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	eMedicine - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease : Article by Bruce M Rothschild
		Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) is a variety of arthritis caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
		The degree of abnormal blood flow on Doppler appears to be in proportion to the severity of the clinical manifestations.
		Apparent bridging is not associated with erosions at the anterior superior and anterior inferior borders of the vertebral bodies (in contrast to that seen in spondyloarthropathy).
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic125.htm (3240 words)

	Arthritis Research Campaign \| Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal-Associated Arthropathy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		'chronic pyrophosphate arthritis of the knee', and 'acute urate olecranon bursitis'.
		Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced as a byproduct of multiple intra-cellular biosynthetic reactions throughout the body (4).
		Such destructive pyrophosphate arthropathy is virtually confined to elderly women, and usually accompanied by severe night and rest pain and a poor outcome.
	www.arc.org.uk /about_arth/med_reports/series3/tr/6414/6414.htm (2877 words)

	Dog biscuits having a coating containing an inorganic pyrophosphate - Patent 5015485
		The method of producing the fluorinated dialkali metal-alkaline earth metal pyrophosphate, which comprises reacting together, in the presence of an aqueous medium, a water-soluble metal fluoride, an alkali metal pyrophosphate (such as, tetrasodium pyrophosphate), and a water soluble alkaline earth metal salt.
		Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is freely soluble in water and is insoluble in ethanol.
		The pyrophosphate(s) is used in sufficient amount to deliver generally from about 0.1 to about 5, preferably from about 3.5, most preferably 1.4 to 2.5 weight percent (based on the total composition), of P.sub.2 O.sub.7.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5015485.html (6123 words)

	Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate Drug Information, Professional
		Skeletal imaging, radionuclide—Technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate is indicated as a skeletal imaging agent to delineate areas of altered osteogenesis, such as those that occur with metastatic bone disease, Paget's disease, arthritic disease, osteomyelitis, and fractures.
		Cardiac imaging, radionuclide—Technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate is indicated as a cardiac imaging agent to aid in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
		It is generally accepted that technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate localizes on the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals, found in bone and within infarcted myocardial cells, by a process termed chemisorption, with blood flow and/or blood concentration being most important in the delivery of the agent to sites of uptake.
	www.drugs.com /MMX/Technetium_Tc_99m_Pyrophosphate.html (2293 words)

	Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
		Tetrasodium pyrophosphate is a white anhydrous powder that can also be in the form of a crystalline decahydrate material.
		Before a worker is placed in a job with a potential for exposure to tetrasodium pyrophosphate, a licensed health care professional should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risks.
		Clothing contaminated with tetrasodium pyrophosphate should be removed immediately, and provisions should be made for the safe removal of the chemical from the clothing.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/tetrasodiumpyrophosphate/recognition.html (2986 words)

	Synthesis of Medium Pyrophosphate by Soluble Mitochondrial F[IMAGE] through Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Water Transitions -- ...
		By filtration techniques, it was determined that synthesized ATP and pyrophosphate are enzyme bound, albeit the affinity for pyrophosphate was lower than that of ATP.
		After ATP and pyrophosphate were formed in dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures, dilution with aqueous buffer to a dimethyl sulfoxide concentration of 6.0% brought about the partition of pyrophosphate into the media.
		In mixtures that contained dimethyl sulfoxide, the complex synthesized ATP and pyrophosphate at nearly the same rates; upon dilution, hydrolysis of both compounds occurred also at similar rates, yet only pyrophosphate was released.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/270/28/16820 (469 words)

	eMedicine - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease : Article by Constantine Saadeh, MD
		Background: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) is a metabolic arthropathy resulting from the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in and around joints, especially in articular and fibrocartilage.
		Revised diagnostic criteria for calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease were taken from the 1997 Primer on Rheumatic Disease and are used with permission from the Arthritis Foundation.
		Appearance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals obtained from the knee of a patient with pseudogout.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1938.htm (3549 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease, CPPD)
		Pseudogout is a form of arthritis, or joint inflammation, that is caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joints.
		Pseudogout is similar to gout, another form of arthritis in which joint pain is caused by deposits of uric acid crystals.
		The joint inflammation of pseudogout is caused by calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposited in the joints.
	www.healthopedia.com /pseudogout (374 words)

	Substrate binding mode and reaction mechanism of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase deduced from crystallographic ...
		pyrophosphate synthase of trans-type, and its FPP and IPP substrates
		that the oxyanions on the pyrophosphate of the FPP molecule
		In A, the pyrophosphate of FPP (F1) is hydrogen-bound to the backbone NH and side chain of R30, and backbone NH of G29 as well as the side chains of R39 and N28.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/971 (4533 words)

	Andrew H.-J. Wang's Structural Biology Lab @ IBC, Academia Sinica
		Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPs) catalyzes the consecutive condensation reactions of a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) with eight isopentenyl pyrophosphates (IPP), in which new cis-double bonds are formed, to generate undecaprenyl pyrophosphate that serves as a lipid carrier for peptidoglycan synthesis of bacterial cell wall.
		In the wild-type enzyme, Mg2+ is coordinated by the pyrophosphate of farnesyl thiopyrophosphate, the carboxylate of Asp26, and three water molecules.
		The role of Asp26 is probably to assist the migration of Mg2+ from IPP to FPP and thus initiate the condensation reaction by ionization of the pyrophosphate group from FPP.
	www.sinica.edu.tw /~wanglab/research_upps.htm (1287 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease
		Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease, Table 1.
		In general, chondrocalcinosis of more than one set of joints usually indicates CPPD crystal deposition disease (as opposed to calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease).
		Pyrophosphate arthropathy is most common in the knee, wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_iii_1/c/calcium_pyrophosphate_dihydrate_crystal_deposition_disease.aspx (745 words)

	Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease (CPPD) (Pseudo Gout)
		Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition (CAL-see-um PIE-row-FOX-fate DIE-high-drate DEH-poo-ZISH-un) is a condition that causes pain, redness, heat, and swelling in one or more joints.
		It is caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in a joint, which weaken the cartilage and cause it to break down more easily.
		The presence of these tiny CPPD crystals in the joints, and the body's reaction to these crystals, creates inflammation to attack the crystals.
	www.arthritis.org /conditions/DiseaseCenter/cppd.asp (316 words)

	Pseudo Gout - Calcium pyrophosphate deposits in the knee
		The knee was aspirated and positive for Calcium pyrophosphate deposits.
		Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition is a condition that causes pain, redness, heat, and swelling in one or more joints.
		It is caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in a joint, which weaken the cartilage and cause it to break down more easily.
	www.arthritisusa.net /cases/cp.asp (332 words)

	Chemically Clean: Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (tetrapotassium phosphorate) is an active ingredient in Armor All
		Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is an emulsifier or texturizer, and is soluble in water.
		Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used in both food and in cleaners and detergents.
	www.cas.astate.edu /draganjac/descriptiveproject.html (108 words)

	UpToDate Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease
		— Precipitation of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in connective tissues may be asymptomatic or associated with several clinical syndromes.
		Pyrophosphate arthropathy is sometimes applied to the joint disease or radiographic abnormalities accompanying CPPD crystal deposition.
		Although this name, however, has little justification in terms of the pathologic anatomy of the disorder, evidence of aberrant inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in the pathogenesis of CPPD crystal deposition disease may legitimize use of this term.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=crystald/3066 (619 words)

	ch12.01.03 : Per Cent Thiamin Pyrophosphate Stimulation
		A test for thiamine deficiency, where the effect on transketolase activity seen by adding thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to the reaction mixture is compared to transketolase activity without the addition.
		Analysis: NADH dependent Erythrocyte Transketolase, measured at 340 nm at 37 C, with and without the addition of thiamin pyrophosphate.
		Thiamin Status of Incarcerated and Nonincarcerated Adolescent Males: Dietary Intake and Thiamin Pyrophosphate Response.
	www.medal.org /visitor/www\Active\ch12\ch12.01\ch12.01.03.aspx (156 words)

	Iron bioavailability in infants from an infant cereal fortified with ferric pyrophosphate or ferrous fumarate -- ...
		Iron bioavailability in infants from an infant cereal fortified with ferric pyrophosphate or ferrous fumarate -- Davidsson et al.
		Iron bioavailability in infants from an infant cereal fortified with ferric pyrophosphate or ferrous fumarate
		of an infant cereal fortified with ferric pyrophosphate or ferrous
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/71/6/1597 (3992 words)

	Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease: Crystal-induced Arthritides: Merck Manual Professional
		Introduction· Apatite and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition Diseases·Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease· Gout
		Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease involves intra-articular and/or extra-articular deposition of CPPD crystals.
		Manifestations are protean and may be minimal or include intermittent attacks of acute arthritis and a degenerative arthropathy that is often severe.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec04/ch035/ch035c.html (425 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		IPR012001 Thiamine pyrophosphate enzyme, N-terminal TPP binding region 4 - 180
		IPR012001 Thiamine pyrophosphate enzyme, N-terminal TPP binding region 97 - 267
		IPR012001 Thiamine pyrophosphate enzyme, N-terminal TPP binding region 43 - 219
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR012000 (439 words)

	To Save Money on Ferric Pyrophosphate Click Here for Ferric Pyrophosphate Discount Sources.
		Iron bioavailability in infants from an infant cereal fortified with ferric pyrophosphate or ferrous fumarate
		Background:Infant cereals are commonly fortified with insolu-ble iron compounds with low relative bioavailability, such as fer- ric pyrophosphate, because of organoleptic changes that occur.
		dechlorination,whereas the presence of soluble ferric pyrophosphate inhibiteddechlorination...
	www.institutedc.org /res/40/Ferric-Pyrophosphate.html (274 words)

	24053. Copper pyrophosphate bath [Finland]
		It may, (although I haven't heard of it) be possible to use hypophosphite as a reducer in a copper electroless bath (generally, HCHO is used as the reducer).
		I don't know of an electroless copper bath based on pyrophosphate, but that isn't to say it doesn't exist.
		However, all pyrophosphate baths should be run at less than 60C otherwise the pyrophosphate hydrolyses and dissociates to orthophosphate.
	www.finishing.com /240/53.shtml (123 words)

	Reduced Plasma Pyrophosphate Levels in Hemodialysis Patients -- Lomashvili et al. 16 (8): 2495 -- Journal of the ...
		Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a known inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation
		Rachow JW, Ryan LM: Inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in arthritis.
		Fleisch H, Russell GG, Straumann F: Effect of pyrophosphate on hydroxyapatite and its implications in calcium homeostasis.
	jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/8/2495 (3680 words)

	Inorganic pyrophosphate generation and disposition in pathophysiology -- Terkeltaub 281 (1): C1 -- AJP - Cell Physiology
		Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of the hepatocyte and increases in parallel with the decrease in light-scattering induced by gluconeogenic hormones, butyrate and ionophore A23187.
		Liver mitochondrial pyrophosphate concentration is increased by Ca and regulates the intramitochondrial volume and adenine nucleotide content.
		Alkaline phosphatase: placental and tissue-nonspecific isoenzymes hydrolyze phosphoethanolamine, inorganic pyrophosphate, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/1/C1 (6025 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem*4520 Metabolic Processes
		Prenyl transferase starts with one unit of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and aligns the pyrophosphate (head end) with the terminal double bond of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (tail end).
		Elimination of the pyrophosphate (a good leaving group) creates a carbocation, which then reacts with isopentenyl double bond; a basic group in the enzyme then removes a proton from C-2 of the isopentyl.
		Two units of farnesyl pyrophosphate are linked together in head to head mode condensation in a two step reaction catalysed by squalene synthase.
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/Chm452/lectur16.htm (598 words)

	Putative pyrophosphate phosphofructose 1-kinase genes identified in sugar cane may be getting energy from pyrophosphate
		The timing of the highest levels of sucrose storage in mature sugar cane internodes is of utmost importance for yield performance; it is also a signal for the harvest time.
		This might be a key part of the process by which plants adjust their growth as a function of sucrose synthesis, export, import, and utilization.
		Since PPi-PFP is able to accept PPi as a phosphoryl donor, apparently cytosolic pyrophosphate (the supposed cellular by-products), normally found at high concentrations (up to 0.3 mM) in plant cells (Stit, 1990), can mimic the ATP molecule.
	www.funpecrp.com.br /gmr/year2003/vol4-2/gmr0065_full_text.htm (2103 words)

	Use of Genomics To Identify Bacterial Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization ...
		Use of Genomics To Identify Bacterial Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of the Essential uppS Gene -- Apfel et al.
		The prenyltransferase undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase (di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase; EC 2.5.1.31) was
		and allylic pyrophosphate to generate a variety of prenyl pyrophosphates.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/2/483 (6242 words)

	Pseudogout - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease, Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The condition is called pseudogout (pseudo means false or fake) because it produces symptoms that are similar to gout.
		However, pseudogout is caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals, and gout is caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals.
		To correctly identify and diagnose pseudogout, your doctor must analyze the type of crystals found in the fluid of the joint affected with pseudogout.
	www.upmc.com /HealthManagement/ManagingYourHealth/HealthReference/Diseases/?chunkiid=100261 (1055 words)

	Amazon.com: pyrophosphate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A morphological and chemical study of articular cartilage in pyrophosphate arthropathy (chondrocalcinosis articularis or CPPD crystal deposition disease) by Anders Bjelle (Unknown Binding - 1971)
		Pyrophosphate formation during isolation of phosphate compounds by precipitation as barium salts (AÌrbok for Universitetet i Bergen) by Leiv KlungsÃ¸yr (Unknown Binding - 1965)
		The role of phosphates in oxidative processes;: Interrelationship between the intracellular iron and the formation and decomposition of pyrophosphate compounds by A. M Malkov (Unknown Binding - 1954)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=pyrophosphate&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (485 words)

	X-ray Crystal Structures of D100E Trichodiene Synthase and Its Pyrophosphate Complex Reveal the Basis for Terpene ...
		The 2.4 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of D100E trichodiene synthase and the 2.6 Å resolution structure of its complex with inorganic pyrophosphate are reported.
		In the pyrophosphate complex, however, pyrophosphate coordinates two Mg ions at the mouth of the active site without causing large changes in the structure of the enzyme.
		This contrasts with pyrophosphate binding in the wild-type enzyme, where pyrophosphate coordinates three Mg ions and triggers a significant conformational change that closes the mouth of the active site and optimizes packing density in the enzyme-substrate complex.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtext?bichaw/41/i06/abs/bi011960g (272 words)

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