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	Renal failure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Renal failure is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly.
		Physiologically, renal failure is described as a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
		End-stage renal failure (ESRF) is the ultimate consequence, in which case dialysis is generally required until a donor for a renal transplant is found.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Renal_failure (395 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Acute kidney failure
		Renal failure - acute; Kidney failure; Kidney failure - acute; Renal failure; ARF
		Acute renal failure is sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes.
		Renal angiography (renal arteriography) may be used to diagnose causes within the blood vessels of the kidney.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000501.htm (1085 words)

	Feline Renal Failure ~ Pawprints and Purrs, Inc.
		In a case of renal failure, the two kidneys - despite the in-built spare working capacity that they have - are so affected by disease that they cannot carry out their normal functions, while feline lower urinary tract disease (known as FLUTD) involves a cat's bladder and urethra.
		In acute renal failure, a significant number of nephrons all stop working at the same time, as may occur in sudden urinary blockages.
		However, the syptoms of renal failure are commonly seen in older cats, in whom the diseases responsible for the condition may have been established for years.
	www.sniksnak.com /cathealth/renal.html (1255 words)

	Acute Renal Failure - The Doctors Lounge(TM)
		Renal failure depicts a group of diseases that may be associated with decreased GFR and manifested by retention of BUN and creatinine.
		Postrenal renal failure is sometimes referred to as obstructive renal failure, since it is often caused by something blocking elimination of urine produced by the kidneys.
		Renal failure is manifested by the rise of serum creatinine.
	www.thedoctorslounge.net /nephrology/diseases/acute_renal_failure.htm (913 words)

	Renal Failure and Critical Care Nursing
		The general appearance of the patient in acute renal failure may be; anemia, pallor, itching, dryness of the skin, dry mucous membranes, costalvertebral angle angled tenderness, and lumbosacral, periorbital or extremity edema.
		Dilatation of the renal pelvis with renal atrophy.
		Acute pyelonephritis or necrotizing papillitis - bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis.
	rnbob.tripod.com /renalfailure.htm (3696 words)

	eMedicine - Acute Renal Failure : Article by Mahendra Agraharkar, MD, FACP
		Renal failure caused by prolonged vasoconstriction (especially with concomitant large vessel arterial disease) often is induced by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and/or diuretics.
		Renal recovery is usually observed within the first 2 weeks, and many nephrologists tend to diagnose patients with end-stage (ie, irreversible) renal failure 6-8 weeks after onset of ARF.
		Patchy or diffuse denudation of the renal tubular cells is observed, suggesting acute tubular necrosis as the cause of acute renal failure.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1595.htm (5616 words)

	Renal Failure
		Renal failure is a common finding in older ferrets due to the kidneys lack of significant regenerative capacity.
		Chronic renal failure occurs when the process progresses to the point where there is so little functioning renal tissue that the substances which normally are excreted by the kidney, are no longer excreted, and build up into the blood.
		There really is no cure for chronic renal failure, as that tissue will never be replaced, only palliative treatment designed to decrease levels of toxic substances in the blood and thus clinical signs.
	www.miamiferret.org /fhc/renal.htm (592 words)

	Acute renal failure, VM 552 SAM Urogenital System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ARF is contrasted with chronic renal failure (CRF) in which there is a gradual death of nephrons with the remaining nephrons functioning in a normal or supra normal capacity.
		Hypercalcemia is an uncommon cause of acute renal failure.
		Failure to induce urine production of at least 1/2 ml/lb/hour (1 ml/kg/hr) indicates either that fluid replacement is inadequate or the presence of intrinsic renal failure.
	courses.vetmed.wsu.edu /vm552/urogenital/arf.htm (4680 words)

	Overview of Renal Failure - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
		Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys that results in loss of normal kidney function.
		renal biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope.
		Most children with renal failure are followed by a pediatrician and a nephrologist (a physician who specializes in disorders or diseases of the kidneys).
	www.lpch.org /DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/urology/renal.html (747 words)

	Renal (Kidney) Failure
		Acute renal failure is often the result of major damage to the kidneys, such as infection, decreased blood flow to the kidneys, drugs that can be harmful to the kidneys, toxins such as antifreeze, or blockage of urine outflow from the kidneys, such as stones lodged in the ureters or urethra.
		Chronic renal failure is often more gradual in onset and by the time the pet is showing clinical signs it is difficult to pinpoint what initially caused the insult to the kidneys.
		In many cases, pets with chronic renal failure can be treated with medications, fluid therapy and dietary changes to help them feel better and slow the progression of the disease for months or even years.
	www.gcvs.com /internists/renal.htm (1148 words)

	Chronic renal failure
		Chronic renal failure is a gradual and progressive loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes.
		Chronic renal failure usually occurs over a number of years as the internal structures of the kidney are slowly damaged.
		Chronic renal failure and ESRD affect more than 2 out of 1,000 people in the U.S. Diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure) are the two most common causes and account for approximately two-thirds of the cases of chronic renal failure and ESRD.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/1/000471.html (362 words)

	Acute Renal Failure In the Community Hospital Setting
		Prerenal kidney failure may be a result of volume depletion from renal or extrarenal losses, fluid sequestration in liver failure or other edematous states, or inadequate perfusion pressure due to heart failure.
		Postrenal ARF is caused by obstruction of the urinary tract.
		Dopamine and frusemide in oliguric acute renal failure.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /diseasemanagement/nephrology/arf/arf.htm (2042 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure
		The kidney is bean-shaped, with 2 main regions: the renal cortex (outer section) and the renal medulla (inner section).
		When renal failure is severe, and about 90% of renal function is lost, a patient requires a form of renal replacement therapy to survive: a renal transplant or dialysis.
		A renal transplant is the surgical placement of a kidney from a kidney donor into a patient with kidney failure.
	www.venofer.com /VenoferHCP/Venofer_kidneyFunction.html (1619 words)

	CBER Letter - Important Drug Warning: Acute Renal Failure Associated With Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human)
		Although acute renal failure was successfully managed in the majority of cases, deaths were reported in 17 patients worldwide.
		Periodic monitoring of renal function tests and urine output is particularly important in patients judged to have a potential increased risk for developing acute renal failure.
		Renal function, including measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/serum creatinine, should be assessed prior to the initial infusion and again at appropriate intervals thereafter.
	www.fda.gov /cber/ltr/igivrenal.htm (1160 words)

	Strong Heart and Vascular Center - Division of Vascular Surgery--Renal Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Renal failure is the loss of kidney function.
		Renal failure can be sudden (acute) or it can progress slowly (chronic).
		In most cases, acute renal failure is reversible, while chronic renal failure is not and eventually leads to end-stage renal disease.
	www.stronghealth.com /services/surgical/vascular/renalfailure.cfm (262 words)

	Acute Renal Failure
		Acute renal failure is a temporary condition in which kidney function declines rapidly.
		The most common causes of acute renal failure are dehydration, serious illnesses that cause heart or liver failure, severe blood loss, shock, or traumatic injury such as a burn.
		If you are at risk for acute renal failure because of kidney disease or other conditions that can affect the kidneys, it is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations for treatment and prevention of kidney complications.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /childrens/healthinfo/a/acuterenalfailure.htm (675 words)

	CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as a permanent reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) sufficient to produce detectable alterations in well-being and organ function.
		Although the renal protective effect of alkali therapy unproven in humans, there are other reasons (prevention of osteopenia and muscle wasting) why correction of the acidemia might be desirable.
		These factors aggravate the progression of renal failure and are known as reversible aggravating factors.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /internalmed/nephro/webpages/Part_G.htm (4893 words)

	Kidney failure (renal failure with uraemia, or azotaemia)
		There are many causes of chronic renal failure, including inflammatory conditions affecting the kidney tissue, as a complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes), chronic blockage to the drainage of the kidneys and as a result of certain inherited conditions such as polycystic kidney disease.
		Chronic kidney failure is a serious condition which needs urgent attention when it is diagnosed, but the kidney damage is usually 'silent' and not noticed at an early stage.
		Itching is a common complaint in people with renal failure, and antihistamines such as chlorphenamine may be prescribed to control this.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /diseases/facts/kidneyfailure.htm (990 words)

	eMedicine - Renal Failure, Acute : Article by Richard Sinert, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Prerenal failure is defined by conditions with normal tubular and glomerular function; GFR is depressed by compromised renal perfusion.
		Intrinsic renal failure includes diseases of the glomerulus or tubule, which are associated with release of renal afferent vasoconstrictors.
		With intrinsic renal failure, removal of tubular toxins and initiation of therapy for glomerular diseases decreases renal afferent vasoconstriction.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic500.htm (5979 words)

	Acute Renal Failure - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden onset of kidney failure.
		Detailed information about the causes of Acute Renal Failure including medication causes and drug interaction causes can be found in our causes pages.
		With a diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Acute Renal Failure.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/acute_renal_failure/intro.htm (617 words)

	Kidney Problems - Renal Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Renal Dysplasia, Renal Hypoplasia and polycystic kidney disease
		Janis- Renal failure is harder to manage in dogs than it is in cats (or at least it is harder to manage with success).
		In most congenital renal failure syndromes the clinical symptoms of congenital renal disease do not usually appear before 4 months of age and may show up later in life, perhaps as late as two or three years of age.
	www.vetinfo.com /drenal.html (8150 words)

	Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) - nephrologychannel
		Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function.
		The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyperfiltration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glomerulus and corresponding tubule)
		Even a kidney biopsy may be inconclusive, because all forms of kidney failure eventually progress to diffuse scarring and look the same on kidney biopsy.
	www.nephrologychannel.com /crf (503 words)

	Kidney Failure Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Acute renal failure (ARF) is often caused by physical injury or surgical complications, or by blockages in the blood vessels leading to the kidney.
		Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by a gradual decrease in organ function.
		Kidney cancer is a common cause of chronic renal failure.
	www.kidney-failure-symptoms.com.cob-web.org:8888 (518 words)

	Pets with Diabetes: Chronic Renal Failure and Diabetes
		Chronic renal failure (CRF) occurs when 70% of kidney function is irreversibly destroyed.
		However, the failing kidney is unable to use a small amount of water for the toxins (concentrated urine), and because of this failure in water conservation, more water is needed to flush the toxins from the body.
		In chronic renal failure, erythropoietin is depleted causing anemia as reflected in a low packed cell volume value.
	www.petdiabetes.org /chronic_renal_failure.htm (1725 words)

	AllRefer Health - Chronic Renal Failure (Chronic Kidney Failure, Chronic Renal Insufficiency, CRF, Kidney Failure - ...
		Unlike acute renal failure with its sudden reversible failure of kidney function, chronic renal failure is slowly progressive.
		Chronic renal failure and ESRD affect more than 2 out of 1,000 people in the United States.
		Diabetes and hypertension are the two commonest causes and account for approximately two thirds of the cases of chronic renal failure and ESRD.
	health.allrefer.com /health/chronic-renal-failure-info.html (514 words)

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