Sandinista - Factbites

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Topic: Sandinista

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	Sandinista National Liberation Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sandinistas took their name from Augusto César Sandino (1895-1934), a leader in the country's nationalist rebellion against the United States military occupation of Nicaragua in the 1920s and early 1930s until his assassination in 1934 by the U.S.-created Guardia Nacional (National Guard) enabled Somoza to seize control of the country.
		The Sandinistas' relationship with the Roman Catholic Church deteriorated as the Contra War dragged on.
		Daniel Ortega was re-elected as leader of the Sandinistas in 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandinista (4028 words)

	Sandinistas on Encyclopedia.com
		In 1984, Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega Saavedra won the Nicaraguan presidency in an election that was boycotted by some opposition groups.
		SANDINISTAS [Sandinistas] members of a left-wing Nicaraguan political party, the Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN).
		After the revolution: the Sandinistas may be down, but they're still not out of power.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Sandinist.asp (639 words)

	sandinista
		Distribute the student handout entitled The Sandinista Revolution.
		Direct students to re-read the first paragraph in the handout and ask them to evaluate the combined impact of the Sandinista Revolution and the Contra War on the Nicaraguan people.
		Distribute the student handout entitled The Sandinista Government.
	www.ucis.pitt.edu /clas/nicaragua_proj/history/sandinista.html (886 words)

	The Clash: Sandinista! ---Ink Blot Magazine
		Crucially, The Clash evolved, discovering reggae, rockabilly and the Sandinistas along the way, and proved to be a musical force that could outlast punk.
		After London Calling and Sandinista brought worldwide critical recognition, The Clash conquered America with a series of tours and the mediocre Combat Rock album.
		The fury of their eponymous debut and legendary "White Riot" tour were crucial to the punk explosion in Britain, channeling the energy of the movement into an explicitly political music and action.
	www.inkblotmagazine.com /rev-archive/Clash_Sandinista.htm (605 words)

	Sandinista National Liberation Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sandinistas took their name from Augusto César Sandino (1895-1934), a leader in the country's nationalist rebellion against the United States military occupation of Nicaragua in the 1920s and early 1930s until his assassination in 1934 by the U.S.-created Guardia Nacional (National Guard) enabled Somoza to seize control of the country.
		The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) is a leftist political party that ruled Nicaragua for roughly 12 years from 1979 to 1990.
		Daniel Ortega was re-elected as leader of the Sandinistas in 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front (3996 words)

	Mark Major, "The Sandinista Revolution and the 'Fifth Freedom'"
		While the Sandinista institutional development was popular and benefited the majority of the population, stability and the need for food were the primary concerns due to a decade of US terror.
		Even though the Sandinistas were being terrorized by a military superpower, they were still able to conduct elections in 1984 and 1990 that were recognized by international observers as fair and legitimate.
		One of the great Sandinista legacies was politicizing the majority of the population to become "genuine authors of development." The US and domestic elites wanted to restructure the value system established by the Sandinistas and tried to do this by assaulting the education system.
	mrzine.monthlyreview.org /major150805.html (3860 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2000 - Nicaragua
		A series of political accords between the governing Liberal Constitutionalist Party (PLC) and the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), though highly controversial, ceded the FSLN more power in several governmental institutions in exchange for the avoidance of the use of violent protests to achieve political ends.
		Although national figures are not available, a study conducted in Managua in 1998 found that 40 percent of the 1,200 prostitutes in the city were under the age of 18.
		National Police reports indicate that the four policemen involved in the January 1999 killings of Hilario Briones Arostegui and Santos Arostegui Torres were never investigated.
	www.usemb.se /human/2000/west/nicaragua.html (13447 words)

	WNU Supplement: 1994 FSLN Congress
		In Nicaragua, where the majority of the population is under the age of seventeen, the Sandinista Front is seeking to represent the masses without a single DN member under the age of forty.
		A speaker from the Sandinista Youth proposed deferring the application of the floor to the departmental election, but said it should be applied to the election of the 45 national AS members, and to the National Directorate.
		Sandinistas including FSLN Representative to North America Magda Enriquez have advocated bringing together all sectors to the left of the extreme right to prevent an ultra-right victory in 1996.
	home.earthlink.net /~nicadlw/fsln1994.html (2103 words)

	Sandinista
		The Sandinista people’s revolution will work out an agrarian policy that achieves an authentic agrarian reform; a reform that will, in the immediate term, carry out massive distribution of the land, eliminating the land grabs by the large landlords in favor of the workers (small producers) who labor on the land.
		The Sandinista people’s revolution will establish a revolutionary government that will eliminate the reactionary structure that arose from rigged elections and military coups, and the people’s power will create a Nicaragua that is free of exploitation, oppression, backwardness: a free, progressive, and independent country.
		The FSLN is a politico-military organization, whose strategic objective is to take political power by destroying the military and bureaucratic apparatus of the dictatorship and to establish a revolutionary government based on the worker-peasant alliance and the convergence of all the patriotic anti-imperialist and anti-oligarchic forces in the country.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~vandeuse/sandinistas.htm (1643 words)

	Matilde Zimmermann - Sandinista
		Sandinista is full of pioneering forays into a new social history of the Left in Latin America.
		During the mid-1980s, in the aftermath of Anastasio Somoza Debayle's collapse and the ensuing Contra war, substantial attention was paid to the root causes of the revolution, the ideological framework of the Sandinistas, and America's role in the revolutionary process.
		The biography I've written of Carlos Fonseca, the founder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), that led the 1979 Nicaragua revolution.
	pages.slc.edu /~mzimmermann/sandinista.html (2495 words)

	National Liberation Front -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Profile of this Nicaraguan political figure who led the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to the electoral victory in 1984 and became the president of the country.
		The most radical Tamil group was the Liberation Tigers, who used guerrilla and terrorist methods to pursue their goal of an independent Tamil state to be called Eelam in northern and...
		Algerian political leader Mohamed Boudiaf was a founder of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) and a hero of the Algerian war of independence (1954–62).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9054992 (768 words)

	Nicaragua - Sandinista National Liberation Front
		The new sevenmember National Directorate continued to meet regularly and drafted the guidelines for the document analyzing the electoral defeat that was to be discussed in the first postelection Sandinista Assembly in June 1990.
		The National Congress also decided that future national congresses, to be held every four years, would elect the members of the Sandinista Assembly, the Ethics Commission, and the National Directorate individually by a secret and direct vote.
		By the end of the Sandinista government, the organizational structure of the party coincided with the administrative structure of the state, including the military and security forces.
	countrystudies.us /nicaragua/50.htm (1408 words)

	Ten Years After: Women in Sandinista Nicaragua
		In Nicaragua, during the years of the Sandinista revolution, it was generally believed in AMNLAE that the best way of contributing to the liberation of women was to support the revolution, which meant that the problems of women would be resolved by the revolution.
		Since the defeat of the Sandinistas in the 1990 elections in Nicaragua, both the FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front) as well as other popular organizations have evaluated their role during the last ten years of the revolution.
		The participation of women in politics also increased dramatically during the years of the Sandinista government.
	www.epica.org /Library/women/nica_women.htm (1142 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Nicaragua
		While the Sandinistas continue to use their organizational and institutional powers to block government initiatives that they believe threaten the social reforms of the 1979 revolution, nevertheless, Daniel Ortega has been relatively successful in portraying the FSLN as a moderate party that is committed to national unity and reconciliation.
		In these elections the Sandinista candidate, Daniel Ortega, was replaced as president by the candidate of the democratic opposition, Violetta Chamorro.
		Since the opening of politics and the return to electoral government with the 1990 elections, Nicaraguan politics has coalesced around a dual party structure that is promoted and protected by the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE), which is empowered to supervise elections and political parties but remains dominated by the PLC and FSLN.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Nic1.htm (504 words)

	The Militant - 11/18/96 -- Nicaragua: Rightist Wins Presidency
		The Sandinista leadership's initial course was in continuity with nearly two decades of revolutionary work by the FSLN, codified in the Historic Program of the organization drafted by Carlos Fonseca and first published in 1969.
		The Sandinista National Liberation Front came to power on the heels of a popular revolution that overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in July 1979.
		Two days later, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) agreed to accept the results as tallied by the Nicaraguan Supreme Electoral Council, pending clarification of some "irregularities" during the vote.
	www.themilitant.com /1996/6041/6041_5.html (1364 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Can the Sandinistas Still Be Stopped?
		From the viewpoint of Nicaragua's ruling Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), the war against U.S. "imperialism" is not going badly at all these days.
		...The important thing about the Sandinista view of Nicaraguan history is that it puts their country at the center of the world-historical stage, while simultaneously absolving its residents of any responsibility for Nicaragua's historical development...
		...Here is how it was articulated at a secret conclave of Sandinista cadres in Managua, three months after the revolutionary triumph: The goal of the FSLN's foreign policy is to consolidate the Nicaraguan revolution, because this will help to strengthen the Central American, Latin American, and worldwide revolution...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V84I1P28-1.htm (6704 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		As a result of the bloody Civil War, when the revolutionary movement headed by the Sandinista National Liberation Front triumphed, the new government adopted various measures to establish a new political and legal system, in the transition brought on by the triumph of the revolution.
		Instead the National Guard is replaced by “a new, patriotic National Army dedicated to defending the Democratic Process and the Sovereignty and independence of the Nation, as well as the integrity of its territory.
		And to undertake the great task of national reconstruction in the political, social and economic spheres, for which purpose a suitable juridical structure is needed.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/iachr/country-reports/nicaragua1981-ch1.htm (3934 words)

	RIC Query - Nicaragua (23 February 2003)
		Ramírez, vice-president under Ortega in the former Sandinista government, was elected president of the MRS, and former FSLN guerrilla commander Dora María Téllez as his deputy.
		Further complicating the issue is the continued existence in Jinotega and neighboring areas of remnants of former Sandinista army units and former anti-Sandinista Contras.
		Another Sandinista dissident, Mónica Baltodano, said that “there was no opening in the congress.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/NIC03001.htm (1098 words)

	WEBLINK FSLN
		The FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional) is a human rights guerilla revolutionary movement that was established in 1961, based in Nicaragua.
		The FSLN was recognized as a national revolutionary movement on December 27, 1974 when the guerillas kidnapped Nicaraguan officials hoping to remove 14 Sandinistan prisoners from prison.
		Student activists, from the school of National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, in Managua, formed the beginning stages of this organization in the late fifties.
	www2.truman.edu /~marc/webpages/nativesp99/grito/weblinkFSLN.html (383 words)

	Ominous threats from US against Nicaraguan Sandinistas
		The possibility of a Sandinista victory already is causing many to pull their investments out of the country.
		In the wake of September 11, the Bush administration is threatening the Nicaraguan people over the possible election victory of Daniel Ortega, the presidential candidate for the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), in the Central American nation’s November 4 elections.
		There is a real fear, however, that a Sandinista victory would raise mass expectations of social justice and economic equality that would be hard to contain.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/oct2001/nica-o25.shtml (928 words)

	The Nation: The last Sandinista? Nicaragua's Frente has a new look - and an old face. A talk with Thomas Borge.(Sandinista National Liberation Front)@ HighBeam Research
		Borge has enjoyed his visit, much the same as any tourist, and has emphasized that the Sandinistas are changing their image and are considering market forces as a source of financing.
		Thomas Borge, the only Sandinista Front founder who is still living, has been permitted to visit the US.
		And no Sandinista leader was an object of greater American animosity than Nicaragua's hard-line Interior Minister, Comandante Tomas Borge, the sole...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:18816893&refid=holomed_1 (237 words)

	The Sandanista government of Nicaragua (1979–1990)
		On July 19,1979, the victorious fighters of the Sandinista Front for National Liberation and their supporters filled the Plaza of the Revolution in celebration of the overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship; they christened the plaza in honor of that day.
		Thousands of Sandinistas gather there to commemorate the death in combat of Carlos Fonseca Amador, the founder of the Sandinista Front for National Liberation (FSLN).
		Tomas Borge a founder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), is the only surviving founder of the FSLN, the Sandinista National Liberation Front.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/47/index-faa.html (306 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
		Nicaragua is locked in an impasse between the country's main political forces, including President Enrique Bolaños, the Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) and the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN).
		For the 2001 national elections, NDI also trained 450 master political trainers, who in turn trained thousands of fiscales or pollwatchers to monitor the more than 9,500 polling stations in Nicaragua's 17 departments and regions, including the Atlantic Coast.
		This crisis has been fueled in part by the absence of public pressure on national leaders to implement political reforms that respond to the needs and expectations of Nicaraguans with their current democratic system.
	www.ndi.org /worldwide/lac/nicaragua/nicaragua_pf.asp (550 words)

	Sandinistas
		Ortega left office with the words: "We leave victorious because we Sandinistas have spilled blood and sweat not to cling to government posts, but to bring Latin America a little dignity, a little social justice."
		A Junta for National Reconstruction was established and in 1984 FSLN won the elections.
		The report was followed by a United Nations resolution condemning the Nicaraguan government.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDsandinista.htm (476 words)

	Propaganda: New Internationalist magazine 314 - The NI Interview
		Before the interview I spoke to a leading Sandinista dissident who complained she had been sidelined in the FSLN for questioning Ortega& leadership.
		It is now two decades since the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) marched triumphantly into the Nicaraguan capital of Managua.
		In spite of his claim that FSLN meetings resemble ‘those of an anarchist party’ there is widespread discontent in party circles over his tendency to stifle debate.
	www.newint.org /issue314/interview.htm (891 words)

	Nicaragua 1981 - Introduction
		In the name of the General Staff of the Nicaraguan National Guard and with the approval of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and of the Junta of the Government of National Reconstruction, I, Lt. Col.
		The victorious position that the Sandinista Front has held and continues to hold throughout the entire national territory has brought an end to the war waged against the Sandinista Front and the defeat of the National Guard.
		Once the orders issued by the joint National Directorate of the Sandinista national Liberation Front and the Junta of the Government of National Reconstruction have been carried out, the life and physical safety of every soldier who surrenders will be guaranteed.
	www.cidh.oas.org /countryrep/Nica81eng/intro.htm (3311 words)

	americas.org - No Sandinista Unity in Sight
		The Sandinista Renovation Movement, led by former Vice-President Sergio Ramírez, rejected a January 17 invitation from Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) General Secretary Daniel Ortega to form an alliance.
		Ramírez accused the Sandinistas of aligning with the government for the election, a charge denied by Ortega.
		Ortega, the nation’s president from 1984 to 1990, suggested that the two parties seek “understandings, agreements and political alliances,” and form a commission to explore cooperation for the October 20 election.
	www.americas.org /item_12707 (334 words)

	NED will not repeat mistakes made in Venezuela with Sumate exit poll
		The Sandinista leader attended a massive May Day gathering here, and told Prensa Latina his organization has played an essential role in helping avoid a chaotic situation in the Central American country.
		There is no finer or more winning gentleman than Daniel Ortega, secretary general of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) of Nicaragua, who happened to be in Havana Sunday to help the Cubans celebrate...
		But there may have be changes in the Sandinista electoral apparatus before a win happens.
	www.vheadline.com /printer_news.asp?id=32760 (762 words)

	americas.org - Sandinistas Pick Surprise Veep Candidate
		The Sandinista National Liberation Front chose Juan Manuel Caldera Lacayo as the party’s vice-presidential candidate at its May 3-5 congress in Managua.
		Still working against them, he said, is “the piñata,&; the Sandinistas’ alleged distribution of government property to party leadership during the transition to the Violeta Chamorro government.
		Ortega, a former president, explained: “We are going to fight for a government of national unity, with no rancor or hatred.
	www.americas.org /item_12523 (266 words)

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)