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Topic: Satellite navigation system

	China to build satellite navigation system
		Navigation services open to commercial customers will provide users with positioning accuracy within 10 meters (33 feet), velocity accuracy within 0.2 meters per second and timing accuracy within 50 nanoseconds, the report said.
		It was also not clear how the Chinese system would rival the American global positioning satellite system or the EU's Galileo satellite navigational system which is expected to be built with Chinese participation.
		The system is expected to cover China and parts of neighbouring countries by 2008, before being expanded into a global network of satellites, it said.
	en.ce.cn /National/sci&edu/200611/03/t20061103_9264742.shtml (182 words)

	satellite system Resources & Information - motorised satellite system
		Satellite navigation receivers reduce errors by using combinations of signals from multiple satellite radio systems satellite tv systems satellites and multiple correlators, and then using techniques such as Kalman filtering to combine the noisy, partial, and constantly changing data into a single estimate for position, time, and velocity.
		Satellite navigation allows for hitherto impossible dundee satellite systems precision in the delivery of weapons to targets, greatly increasing their lethality whilst reducing inadvertent casualties from mis-directed weapons.
		Satellite navigation also allows forces to be directed and to locate themselves more easily, reducing fta satellite systems the fog of war.
	www.bizhisto.com /Biz-Services-R---Sc/satellite-system.html (1481 words)

	Satellite navigation system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Global Positioning System is the only fully functional satellite navigation system as of 2006.
		Satellite navigation using a laptop and a GPS receiver
		The best known satellite navigation system is the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), and as of 2006 the GPS is the only fully functional satellite navigation system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Satellite_navigation_system (1281 words)

	Energy and Transport - GALILEO
		In a few years time this will be possible with the GALILEO satellite radio navigation system, an initiative launched by the European Union and the European Space Agency.
		Today, satellite navigation is continuing this tradition, while offering, thanks to leading-edge technology, an accuracy far beyond that possible by simply observing the sun and the stars.
		The operating principle is simple: the satellites in the constellation are fitted with an atomic clock measuring time very accurately.
	europa.eu.int /comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/index_en.htm (398 words)

	BMVBS: Galileo - the European satellite navigation system
		An independent, European, civil satellite navigation system, which is being developed for world-wide use, is being created in the form of Galileo.
		A reliable navigation and localisation system is increasingly becoming a key element in networking modes of transport, in order to establish an integrated overall transport system at a national and international level.
		Galileo is an independent, high-precision system, which can be used, for example, for diverse navigation applications in aviation, for safe navigation with electronic charts in shipping, for train guidance and monitoring systems in rail transport, for route guidance in road traffic or, in multi-modal operations, to monitor the carriage of dangerous goods and track cargo.
	www.bmvbs.de /en/Transport/Integrated-transport-policy-,2069/Galileo.htm (1019 words)

	Transit
		Transit is a space-based radiodetermination system consisting of satellites in approximately 600 nm polar orbits.
		The final constellation consisted of six satellites in a polar orbit with a nominal 600 nautical mile altitude, three ground control stations, and receivers (i.e., the system's users).
		Navigational accuracy is heavily dependent upon the accuracy to which vessel course, speed, and time are known.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/program/nav/transit.htm (869 words)

	Galileo satellite navigation system
		It is being developed by ESA (the European Space Agency) in collaboration with the European Union – the first such joint project – and is expected to be fully operational by 2010.
		The Galileo system will consist of 30 satellites (27 in operation and 3 in reserve), deployed in three circular medium Earth orbits at an altitude of 23,616 km and an inclination of 56° to the equator.
		A precursor of the system is EGNOS (European Global Navigation Overlay Service), which refines current GPS data and foreshadows the servives Galileo will provide.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/Galileo_satellite_navigation.html (273 words)

	Galileo: The European satellite navigation system — EADS SPACE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The new European satellite navigation system is set to be operational by the end of the decade.
		The satellite is scheduled to be launched on a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at the end of 2005.
		Satellite navigation positioning and timing services are a vital element in many sectors.
	www.space.eads.net /press-center/press-documents/474-en (1798 words)

	Siemens AG - Software Simulates Satellite Navigation System Galileo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The new system features more than 30 satellites and is linked with the 24 satellites of the American GPS, because a Galileo receiver can also receive GPS signals.
		The 54 satellites will make it possible to provide an entirely new navigation service, and the combination of mobile communications and satellite navigation will be more efficient.
		With the help of the Galileo satellites and mobile communications base stations such as GSM and UMTS, the system will be able to precisely determine the position of mobile devices.
	www.siemens.com /index.jsp?sdc_p=d1184570pFEcfi1182563l1mn1182567os2u20z3&sdc_contentid=1395864 (446 words)

	e GALILEO - Global navigation satellite system - Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In a few years time this will be possible with the GALILEO satellite radio navigation system, an initiative launched by the European Union and the European Space Agency.
		Today, satellite navigation is continuing this tradition, while offering, thanks to leading-edge technology, an accuracy far beyond that possible by simply observing the sun and the stars.
		The operating principle is simple: the satellites in the constellation are fitted with an atomic clock measuring time very accurately.
	www.egalileo.eu (398 words)

	China Launches Second Navigation Satellite
		The Beidou satellite was carried aloft by a Long March 3A rocket launched from the Xichang launch center in China's southwest province of Sichuan at 00.20 a.m., the report said.
		This is the second satellite of its kind China has put into orbit, following the launch of a similar one on October 31, the report said.
		The system would allow users to pinpoint their exact location with measurements of longitude, latitude and altitude, it said.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/launches/china_second_satellite_001222_wg.html (377 words)

	Satellite navigation system
		Due to the relatively clear line of site between the satellites and receivers on the ground, combined with ever-improving electronics, allows satellite navigation systems to measure location to accuracies on the order of a few metres in real time.
		The satellite broadcasts a signal that contains the position of the satellite and the precise time the signal was transmitted (using an atomic clock), encoded into a short burst of information in the microwave region.
		The innaccuracy of the civilian signal was deliberately encoded so as not to change very quickly, for instance the entire eastern US area might read 30m off, but 30m off everywhere and in the same direction.
	www.news-server.org /s/sa/satellite_navigation_system.html (1237 words)

	China Starts To Build Own Satellite Navigation System
		Beidou navigation and position system is being developed by CAST, which is made up of one backup satellite (the third Beidou satellite) and another two Beidou-1 operation satellites providing all time satellite navigation information.
		It is a regional navigation system that provides services for road traffic, rail transport, offshore operation and other fields and will give a active impetus to our national economic construction.
		This system will be mainly applied in national economic construction, providing high performance navigation and position services for our traffic, meteorology, petroleum, ocean, forest-fire prevention, hazard forecast, telecommunication, public security and other special industries, which has a vast application prospect.
	www.spacedaily.com /reports/China_Starts_To_Build_Own_Satellite_Navigation_System_999.html (874 words)

	Navigation Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System) is a european programme destined to augment, with the aid of a dedicated ground infrastructure, the military navigation constellations GPS (USA) and GLONASS (Russian), to offer to the European civil aviation authorities the capacity of navigation with safety, integrity and very high precision.
		The EGNOS system consists of : Broadcasting of a GPS type signal over Europe "augmented" with information of precision and integrity of the GPS/GLONASS constellations so that all the navigation receivers computes their position in a very precise manner and without risk of error.
		System development is proceeding satisfactorily, with a successful critical design review in May 2002.
	www1.alcatel-lucent.com /space/programmes/nav/navsystems.htm (1126 words)

	Dual satellite navigation system (US5017926)
		A method and system for determining the position of an object using a fixed station and a plurality of earth orbit satellites whose positions are known.
		Separate periodic signals are transmitted from the fixed station via first and second satellites to the object whose postion is to be determined.
		The phase offset in periodic characteristics of the periodic signals as received from the first and second satellites is measured at the object.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05017926__ (540 words)

	Navigation Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System) is a european programme destined to augment, with the aid of a dedicated ground infrastructure, the military navigation constellations GPS (USA) and GLONASS (Russian), to offer to the European civil aviation authorities the capacity of navigation with safety, integrity and very high precision.
		The EGNOS system consists of : Broadcasting of a GPS type signal over Europe "augmented" with information of precision and integrity of the GPS/GLONASS constellations so that all the navigation receivers computes their position in a very precise manner and without risk of error.
		System development is proceeding satisfactorily, with a successful critical design review in May 2002.
	www.alcatel.com /space/programmes/nav/navsystems.htm (1132 words)

	Navy Navigation Satellite System
		The first prototype satellite was launched in September 1959, and the system entered Naval service in 1964.The system provided passive, accurate, reliable, all-weather global navigation for Navy submarines and surface ships.
		Additional improvements during the life of the system included development of satellite compensation for drag and radiation pressure, the use of pulsed plasma micro-thrusters, and hardening of the spacecraft against an enhanced radiation environment.
		Transit engineering and research satellites made the first measurements of low-energy protons in the polar regions, discovered auroral field-aligned currents, and detected and measured the artificial radiation belt created by the Starfish high-altitude nuclear test in 1962.This early work led to programs for NASA and other agencies.
	sd-www.jhuapl.edu /Transit/index.html (717 words)

	Europe's satellite navigation system gets final approval - 27 May 2003 - New Scientist
		Satellite navigation is increasingly becoming a vital component of aircraft, ships and cars and Europe is concerned about relying entirely on the US system.
		The first satellite is scheduled for launch in late 2004 and the fully operational system is scheduled to be available by 2008.
		The satellites' on-board clocks will be synchronised through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centres and 15 uplink stations.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3765 (339 words)

	GLONASS - Summary
		The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is based on a constellation of active satellites which continuously transmit coded signals in two frequency bands, which can be received by users anywhere on the Earth's surface to identify their position and velocity in real time based on ranging measurements.
		The system is a counterpart to the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) and both systems share the same principles in the data transmission and positioning methods.
		Two Etalon geodetic satellites were also flown in the 19,100 km GLONASS orbit to fully characterise the gravitational field at the planned altitude and inclination.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/constellations/glonass_consum.shtml (597 words)

	The Hindu News Update Service
		Addressing an industry meet on satellite navigation and talking to reporters later, G Madhavan Nair, Secretary in the Department of Space, said the Indian Regional Navigation System will consist of a constellation of satellites and a large ground network.
		ISRO officials said the system would be under Indian control, and the space and ground segments as well as receivers will be built in the country.
		Officials said the department has identified satellite navigation as an key area and a massive investment in this programme is slated for the 11th Five-year Plan.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/holnus/002200607041821.htm (245 words)

	Galileo - European Satellite Navigation System
		Europe is moving closer to the launch of its satellite navigation system Galileo.
		The clearest of these is the fact that satellite navigation will become a fully redundant service for civil aviation users in the event of a satellite or system failure.
		The Galileo Navigation System Control Centre will collect the raw data from the ground stations that are monitoring the orbits of individual satellites and calculate the ephemeris data and timing offset for each satellite.
	www.aatl.net /publications/galileo.htm (2275 words)

	History of Satellite Navigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The DECCA system was a low-frequency hyperbolic navigation system covering much of western Europe, parts of Canada, the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal.
		The NAVSTAR GPS system is a satellite-based radionavigation system developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).
		The NAVSTAR system permits land, sea, and airborne users to determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather, anywhere in the world with a precision and accuracy far better than other radionavigation systems available today.
	ares.redsword.com /gps/old/sum_pre.htm (1020 words)

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