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Topic: Scottish language

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	Scots language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Evidence for its existence as a separate language lies in the extensive body of Scots literature, in independent—if somewhat fluid—orthographic conventions and in its former use as the official language of the original Scottish Parliament.
		A model of Language revival to which many enthusiasts aspire, is that of the Catalan language in areas spanning parts of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy, particularly as regards the situation of Catalan in Catalonia itself.
		Ulster Scots, spoken by the descendants of Scottish settlers as well as those of Irish descent in Northern Ireland and County Donegal in the Irish Republic, and sometimes described by the neologism "Ullans", a conflation of Ulster and Lallans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scots_language (3737 words)

	Scottish language - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Scottish English - the form of the English language used in Scotland.
		Scots language - the Germanic language used in lowland Scotland.
		Scottish Gaelic language - The traditional Celtic language of the Highlands known as Gaelic.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Scottish_language (95 words)

	Scottish Gaelic language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Scottish Gaelic is closely related to Manx and Irish and was brought to Scotland around the 4th century AD by the Scots from Ireland.
		Scottish Gaelic was spoken throughout Scotland (apart from small areas in the extreme south-east and north-east) between the 9th and 11th centuries, but began to retreat north and westwards from the 11th century onwards.
		The earliest identifiably texts in Scottish Gaelic are notes in the Book of Deer written in north eastern Scotland in the 12th century, although the existence of a common written Classical Gaelic concealed the extent of the divergence between Scottish and Irish Gaelic.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/gaelic.htm (570 words)

	Scottish Language
		Scottish English was well on the way to becoming a separate, standard form of speech--as different from that spoken in London as modern Norwegian is from modern Danish--when a dramatic political and religious upheaval swung it back into line with London English.
		Scottish writers dip into the pool at will, enriching their English, often finding words for which there are no equivalents in any other language.
		These daily crises in the survival of Scottish English are partly compensated for by the variety of dialect words and phrases that survive in the regions.
	www.visitdunkeld.com /scottish-language.htm (993 words)

	Read about Scottish Gaelic language at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Scottish Gaelic language and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By the early 16th century however the Gaelic language had acquire the name Erse, meaning Irish, and the name Scottis (which is now spelt Scots or Scottish) had been applied to the Inglis language.
		Nonetheless Gaelic still occupies a special place in Scottish culture, and is recognised by many Scots, regardless of whether they speak Gaelic, as being a part of the nation's culture, though others may view it primarily as a regional language.
		The Act was passed by the Scottish Parliament unanimously, with support from all sectors of the Scottish political spectrum on the 21st of April 2005.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Scots_Gaelic (3249 words)

	Scottish Names 101 (3rd Edition)
		Even in the 16th century, with her modern borders nearly set, there were still at least three languages spoken in Scotland; in addition to Scots, spoken primarily in the Lowlands, and Gaelic, spoken primarily in the Highlands[2] and Western Isles, Norn (a flavor of Norse) as well as Scots was spoken in the Northern Isles.
		Scottish Gaels in the 10th century gave children 10th century Scottish Gaelic names, which were not the same as the 16th century Scottish Gaelic names 16th century Scottish Gaels gave to children.
		In the Scottish cultures where patronymics were the norm (such as Gaelic culture), only children of the same gender who shared the same father would share the same byname, while their father and mother would each have a different one.
	www.medievalscotland.org /scotnames/scotnames101.shtml (5971 words)

	Celtic Languages
		The Insular languages fall into two groups: the Brythonic (or British), including Breton, Cornish, and Welsh; and the Gaelic (or Goidelic), including Irish, Scottish Gaelic (or Erse), and Manx.The characteristic of Celtic languages that most distinguishes them from other Indo-European linguistic groups is their loss of the original Indo-European sound p.
		By the 15th century, with the inclusion of Norse and English loanwords, the Scottish branch differed significantly enough from the Irish to warrant the definition as a separate language.
		Manx, the language of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea is classified as a dialect of Scottish Gaelic, with strong Norse influence.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/c-language.htm (328 words)

	Celtic Language Resources
		Six cultures and their languages are extant today, although the languages of Cornwall and the Isle of Man are on the brink of extinction despite efforts to bring these back.
		Cymraeg / Welsh / The language of CYMRU or WALES
		Kernewek / Cornish / The language of KERNOW or CORNWALL
	www.candledark.net /silver/celtlang.html (1612 words)

	Gene Expression: Language Archives
		In the earliest accounts (C12- C13) the Scots described this Lowlands language as Inglis, to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, but, significantly, by the end of the C15 it is known as Scottis, to distinguish it from English as spoken in England.
		In the south-east (Lothian), the language was a form of Old English, and the region was itself part of the Northumbrian kingdom (later earldom) of Bernicia until it was ceded to Scotland in the early C11.
		The political centre of gravity of the Scottish state shifted away from the Gaelic areas towards the eastern Lowlands, where Old English was the dominant language.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/cat_language.html (1228 words)

	Scottish Gaelic language and literature on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Scottish writer Janice Galloway Voicing the female self, THE STAR
		Managing diversity in eighteenth and nineteenth century Canada: Quebec's constitutional development in light of the scottish experience.
		Pictures and Maps for: Scottish Gaelic language and literature
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-S1cotlang.asp (249 words)

	Language - Mezzofanti.org
		Scottish Gaelic is considered to be Insular Celtic because it is spoken in Scotland - part of the British Isles.
		John Shaw's Scottish Gaelic Lessons - An extensive guide to the Scottish Gaelic language, in 22 lessons; although most of the text is in Scots Gaelic, and no English translation is offered for the Gaelic phrases.
		BBC Scottish Gaelic Programme - Listen to the Scottish Gaelic language being spoken in real-time with the BBC Scottish Gaelic Programme.
	www.mezzofanti.org /scots.html (1423 words)

	Learn Gaelic (Scottish) Online - Write or Speak in Gaelic (Scottish) Language Exchange
		A language exchange complements other forms of learning such as classroom, cultural immersion and multimedia, because you get to practice all that you have learned with native speakers in a safe and supportive environment.
		Language exchange learning is also inexpensive because we provide free tips and conversation lesson plans that allow you to do a language exchange on your own.
		Add your profile to the language exchange community and let others contact you to for language exchange learning.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /learn/Gaelic-Scottish.asp (1119 words)

	Beth B. Eaton Scottish Rite Language & Literacy Center
		The Scottish Rite Masons are an international fraternal organization whose philanthropy is childhood language and literacy disorders.
		The Scottish Rite Masons have devoted much of their energy to helping children with language and literacy disorders reach their potential.
		Across the country, the Freemasons of the Scottish Rite have established over 100 clinics for childhood language and literacy disorders.
	www.uams.edu /chrp/audiospeech/Eaton_Scottish_Rite.htm (288 words)

	Scots Language Resource Centre
		H.M. Inspectors endorse the view that the essential aim of English teaching throughout the Scottish secondary school should be to develop the capacity of every pupil to use, understand and appreciate the native language in its main English and Scottish forms.
		The speech of Scottish people is often distinctive...The first tasks of schools are therefore to enable pupils to be confident and creative in this language and to begin to develop the notion of language diversity.
		In the general context of language varieties, our pupils must be given a basic familiarity with the rich diversity of language used in Scotland, past and present, and a chance to explore the differences of accent and dialect found in their own country and in the English language as a whole.
	scotsyett.com /anent/garnock.htm (916 words)

	Scots language -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The word Lallans, which was originated by the Scottish poet Robert Burns, is usually used for a literary variety of the language, especially that used by the writers of the mid-20th-century movement known as the Scottish Renaissance.
		Languages such as Urdu and Punjabi continue to be spoken by immigrant groups, and the Scottish Parliament provides information in different languages to meet these needs.
		All the traditional languages spoken in the United Kingdom ultimately derive from a common Indo-European origin, a tongue so ancient that, over the millennia, it has split into a variety of languages, each with its own peculiarities in sounds, grammar, and vocabulary.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9066351 (816 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Scottish Gaelic language [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Scottish Gaelic, or just Gaelic (Gàidhlig; IPA: Template:IPA), is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages.
		The branch includes Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx, and is distinct from the Brythonic branch, which includes Welsh, Cornish, and Breton.
		The Scottish Gaelic alphabet has 18 letters (the same 26 as in English, except h, j, k, q, v, w, x, y, and z).
	encyclozine.com /Scots_Gaelic (2835 words)

	Gaelic and Scots from Rampant Scotland Directory
		Comunn Gàidhlig Astràilia (The Scottish Gaelic Association of Australia) is a non-profit organisation which supports the language and culture of Scottish Gaels in Australia.
		This is Seattle's Gaelic Language and Cultural Society and the site has details of their biennial festival and ongoing activities, such as a Gaelic choir, weekly classes, monthly activity days and ceilidhs.
		Before the development of a distinct Scottish Gaelic language in the 15th century, the literature of both countries may be considered as one.
	www.rampantscotland.com /gaelic.htm (2122 words)

	Scottish Language Gaelic
		The future of Scottish English depends on the degree to which Scots go on using their version of an international language.
		The stronghold of Scottish Gaelic--which is closely related to, but quite distinct from, Irish Gaelic--is in the northwest Highlands and in the Western Isles, although large numbers of native speakers live in the Central Belt, especially in Glasgow (over ten thousand).
		Stornoway is the only town where you are likely to hear the language spoken regularly in the street.
	www.scottish-gatherings.50megs.com /page80.html (624 words)

	Urban Dictionary: Scottish
		the scottish language was originally a form of gaelic, from when the irish settled in scotland.
		The Scottish accent is the most popular in the UK according to a recent BBC poll.
		The scottish accent may include words from the Scots language but they are not the same thing.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=Scottish&r=d (591 words)

	Scottish Heritage - Book Reviews
		Scottish Cultural Press are based outside Edinburgh, Scotland, and publish quality books with a Scottish interest.
		If you are interested in Scottish history, clans, Scotland and its environment, its culture, lifestyle and traditions, in Scottish language (Scots or Gaelic), then we have the books for you.
		The Scottish Publishers Association was founded in 1973, by a group of 12 publishers as the Scottish General Publishers Association.
	thecapitalscot.com /scotbook/reviews.html (987 words)

	Goraidh MacCuaig - Scottish Language & Culture Links
		Throughout the language learning activities, topics of historical and musical interest are discussed as are various aspects of life in the modern Highlands.
		Comunn na Gaidhlig is the national development agency for Scottish Gaelic which acts as a catalyst to enable Gaels to realize their aspirations for the future of their language and culture.
		The Scottish Gaelic Learners Association is a volunteer learners group located in the S.F. Bay Area, that offers classes in beginning Scottish Gaelic, and hosts Gaelic informational tables at the two major Scottish Games in Northern California.
	www.cookstudios.com /goraidh/links/lang.html (902 words)

	Classes in the Scottish Gaelic Language
		You enjoy participating in Scottish cultural activities, such as singing, dancing, musicmaking, or reenactment -- and you wonder what it would be like to speak the actual language that was spoken (and is still spoken today) in Scotland for hundreds and hundreds of years?
		Have fun and learn this fascinating Celtic language that is spoken by hundreds of thousands of people today in Scotland and other parts of the world.
		A new beginners class for people with no experience in Scottish Gaelic is scheduled to start Tuesday evenings, from 7 to 9 p.m., beginning September 10, 2002, in Walnut Creek.
	www.members.tripod.com /~scotgaelic/classes.html (464 words)

	ASLS: Homepage
		The journal Scottish Language, publishing scholarly studies of the languages of Scotland, past and present.
		If you are already involved with Scottish Studies, personally or professionally, please consider adding your name to the Scottish Studies Database.
		The SSD is a list of scholars currently working in Scottish literature, language, history and culture, listed with their research interests and institution.
	www2.arts.gla.ac.uk /ScotLit/ASLS (1303 words)

	AllRefer.com - Scottish Gaelic language and literature (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Scottish Gaelic language and literature (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Scottish Gaelic language and literature, Language And Linguistics
		Scottish Gaelic language and literature: see Celtic languages; Gaelic literature.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-Scotlang.html (150 words)

	Languages - Scottish Medieval Bibliography
		Below are published resources for the different languages that were spoken at one time or another during the Middle Ages in the area that is now Scotland.
		The spelling and pronunciation of consonants in modern Scottish Gaelic (which can reasonably be used as an approximation of the pronunciation of consonants in late medieval/early modern Gaelic).
		The DSL is a combination of the full text of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST, which covers Scots to 1700) and the Scottish National Dictionary (SND, which covers modern Scots).
	www.medievalscotland.org /scotbiblio/languages.shtml (1885 words)

	Scottish Programming Language Seminar \| Lambda the Ultimate
		We had in attendance thirty or forty programming language researchers, from U of Edinburgh, Heriot Watt, U of Glasgow, Strathclyde, and St Andrews, as well as speakers from Nottingham and Hertfordshire, both of whom had traveled to Edinburgh just for the occasion.
		If the person who wrote the paper believed that imperative languages were better than functional languages, thenthat is what his experiments proved, and if the person who wrote the paper believed the opposite then his experiments proved the opposite.
		Unlike most typed languages it is not stratified -- objects and their types are considered to be the same sorts of things, with the
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/796 (1045 words)

	Irish and Scottish Gaelic Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An HTML interface to this wonderful dictionary, of interest to learners of Irish as well as Scottish Gaelic, and anyone interested in the development of the Gaelic languages.
		Studies in the Language and Literature of Lowland Scotland
		Highland Settler; A Portrait of the Scottish Gael in Nova Scotia
	www.contemporarypoetry.com /brain/lang/langlinks.html (850 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Language and Scottish Literature (Scottish Language & Literature S.): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Langues de Languedoc invites you to discover the beautiful Aude region in the South of France and to enjoy a language study holiday at the same time.
		An introduction to ways of using language theories to explore different aspects of Scottish literature.
		This book aims to provide clear explanations of linguistic theories and techniques using examples that demonstrate the applications of these theories to a wide range of diverse texts.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0748608265 (363 words)

	SLD: Scottish Language Dictionaries. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		is a body established to develop dictionaries and to promote the languages of Scotland.
		aims in particular to develop Scottish lexicography, building on the achievements of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the Scottish National Dictionary Association (SNDA).
		the language of the makars and the ballads,
	www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk (284 words)

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