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Topic: Siege of Vienna

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Battle of Vienna

Battle of Vienna

Rise of the Ottoman Empire

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Vienna

Battle of the Dunes (1658)

Siege of Constantinople

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vienna
		Vienna -- the capital of Austria-Hungary, the residence of the emperor, and the seat of a Latin archbishopric -- is situated at the north-east end of the Alps, mainly on the right bank of the Danube.
		Vienna is first mentioned again in the Chronicles when Charlemagne advanced down the Danube in 791, destroyed the Empire of the Avars, and formed the East Mark out of the region between the River Enns and the mountains called Wienerwald.
		Vienna also tolerated in some degree the reforms that Joseph II wished to introduce in ecclesiastical and secular affairs, odious though they were in themselves because by his friendliness towards the citizens he had done much for the beautifying and improvement of the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15417a.htm (3516 words)

	LearnPlus History of Vienna
		Vienna becomes the city of residence of the Dukedom of Austria under the Babenberg dynasty.
		During the Nazi rule, Vienna becomes a provincial capital in the German Reich and the vast majority of Vienna’s Jewish population is killed or forced to emigrate.
		Vienna is placed under Allied administration; the first district of the city is governed jointly.
	www.learnplus.com /guides/vienna-history.html (904 words)

	City of the last Roman Emperors - The 1683 Siege of Vienna
		The Ottomans were routed and their failed attempt to siege Vienna was soon heralded as a new Lepanto, the 1571 naval victory on the Ottomans which is said to have stopped their expansion in Europe (the image used as background for this page shows a detail of the fortress of Lepanto).
		The Ottomans, after having retreated from Vienna, with the loss of all their heavy equipment, tried to hold their Hungarian conquests, but on November 1, they were defeated at Gran and had to seek refuge in Belgrade, which was the cornerstone of the Ottoman defensive line in Europe.
		Pope Innocentius XI regarded the defence of Vienna as his major achievement and the relief on his monument in St. Peter's was dedicated to this event, with the Catholic soldiers portrayed as ancient Romans.
	www.romeartlover.it /Vieturch.html (742 words)

	Vienna, Austria
		Never ask a person from Vienna about the name of the district he or she lives in, because it is very probable that they will not know the answer.
		Leopoldstadt, the city's 2nd district, is separated from the centre of Vienna by the Danube Canal, and, along with the 20th district Brigittenau, forms a misshapen island bordered to the east by the main arm of the Danube.
		Vienna's 3rd district lies to the east and south-east of the Innere Stadt, framed to the east by the Danube Canal (Donaukanal) and to the west by Prinz-Eugen-Strasse, and Arsenalstrasse.
	worldfacts.us /Austria-Vienna.htm (2737 words)

	Siege of Vienna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was the Ottoman Empire's first attempt to capture the city of Vienna located in modern day Austria.
		Many of the troops arrived in Vienna in a poor state of health after the privations of the long march, and of those able to fight, a third were light cavalry (sipahis), who were ill prepared for siege warfare.
		In Vienna, the defenders examined each man allowed into the city after the siege for circumcision (a practice of the Jewish and Muslim faiths), believing the Turks had smuggled in spies, and promptly hanged those who failed the test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Vienna (2056 words)

	Battle of Vienna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A siege was a reasonable course of action to minimise casualties and capture the city intact, and in fact it nearly succeeded.
		In honor of Sobieski, the Austrians erected a church atop a hill of Kahlenberg, north of Vienna.
		One legend is that the croissant was invented in Vienna, either in 1683 or in an earlier siege in 1529, to celebrate the defeat of the Turkish siege of the city, as a reference to the crescents on the Turkish flags.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Vienna (2622 words)

	Virtual Vienna Net Bookstore: Vienna History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Thunder at Twilight is a landmark of historical vision, drawing on hitherto untapped sources to illuminate two crucial years in the life of the extraordinary city of Vienna -- and in the life of the twentieth century.
		The siege of Vienna in 1683 was the last major threat to the West from Islam and established the balance of power in Eastern Europe and the Balkans down to the end of World War I. This gripping narrative has been compared to the finest works of European history.
		A century ago, Vienna and Budapest were the capital cities of the western and eastern halves of the increasingly unstable Austro-Hungarian empire and scenes of intense cultural activity.
	www.virtualvienna.net /bookstore/history_vienna.html (517 words)

	The C Channel - Weddings, Shopping and Travel in Vienna, Austria
		Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: Beč) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austria's nine states (Land Wien).
		Vienna is surrounded by the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
		Vienna possesses many park facilities and is one of the greenest cities in the world.
	www.the-c-channel.com /en/local/eu/austria/vienna.html (1380 words)

	Siege Coins
		This was evident in the siege of Vienna in 1523 which clearly showed the Turks' skill in crude psychological warfare....captive Austrians impaled on poles in clear view of defending forces.
		The siege of Groningen in 1672 displayed a sophisticated plan of battle on the part of both sides The event was struck in metal after the siege.
		Siege (or obsidional) money was essentially created as a means of payment during a siege when normal sources of revenue ran out.
	www.coinlibrary.com /wpns/club_wpns_pr_siege2.html (1992 words)

	WHKMLA : Ottoman Siege of Vienna, 1529
		Vienna was the capital of the Austrian lands, one of the three residences of Emperor Charles V., who because of his many obligations, resided there only temporarily.
		The first Ottoman siege of Vienna was not the great turning point in the history of christian-muslim history, rather a minor event.
		The theory of a Franco-Ottoman understanding, the Ottoman siege merely being intended to draw the Emperor's attention away from his French foe, thus is far more plausible.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/vienna1529.html (428 words)

	Vienna : In Depth : Cuisine \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Legend holds that Turks retreating from the siege of Vienna abandoned several sacks of coffee, which, when brewed by the victorious Viennese, established the Austrian passion for coffee for all time.
		In Vienna, Jause is a 4pm coffee-and-pastry ritual that is practiced daily in the city's coffeehouses.
		Vienna is home to what we believe is the finest beer in the region, Schwechater.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/vienna/0068020045.html (1286 words)

	The Siege of Vienna - John Stoye (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Siege of Vienna by John Stoye is a history consisting of about equal measures of diplomacy and warfare.
		After the European background and pre-invasion diplomacy, The Siege of Vienna goes into the Ottoman military advances under the Grand Vezir, Kara Mustafa; and with more detail, into the Austrian defensive preparations, especially in Vienna as they increasingly realize that their capital itself may be in danger.
		Vienna itself is protected by substantial walls (lately strengthened), and has laid in good provisions.
	www.troynovant.com /Franson/Stoye/Siege-of-Vienna.html (828 words)

	The Turkish Face of Vienna
		Following the second siege of Vienna in 1683, the Turks were no longer considered to be dangerous enemies to the Empire, but to be exotic and somewhat appealing.
		Evliya Çelebi tells us that when Sultan Süleyman came in 1529 in order to lay siege to the city, he noticed the beautiful, 137 m high tower of St. Stephan’s from outside the city walls, and he decided not to bomb the tower since it could easily be used as minaret.
		The latest news on ‘Turkish Vienna’ was a commemoration week on the 700th anniversary of the founding of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.turkeymap.8m.com /viyana.htm (1205 words)

	City of the last Roman Emperors - Monuments celebrating the end of plagues
		Vienna, located along trading routes linking Central Europe with Constantinople and Asia, was particularly exposed to pestilences.
		For this reason during the pestilences in Vienna many processions took place during which the participants prayed to the Virgin Mary and to a selected number of saints to intercede with God for them.
		In addition to Pestsaule and similar monuments, Vienna shows references to the Roman tradition of portraying an angel sheathing his sword as a sign of a pestilence coming to an end.
	www.romeartlover.it /Viepeste.html (513 words)

	[No title]
		Vienna was also the birthplace of psychoanalysis, Zionism and Nazism (unfortunately, some Austrians have not learned much from their history.
		This church is famous because it holds the tomb of Count Niklas Salm (commander of Vienna in the first Turkish siege of 1529), transferred from the Church of St. Dorothy in 1878.
		In 1683 there’s the second siege to Vienna, but with the help of German and Polish troops the Turkish troops are defeated.
	home.att.net /~a.barletta/photos.htm (603 words)

	Vienna
		By the 10th century the small, re-built Vienna came under the rule of the German Babenbergs, and by the 13th century, Rudolph Von Habsburg arrived from what is now the Austrian part of Switzerland, claimed Austria and settled there to rule.
		Check with the Vienna Tourist Office on arrival to see if the Vienna Boys' Choir are performing during your stay, and if you are an opera buff, but like to understand what the opera is all about and don't speak Deutsch, there's even an English Opera that performs reasonably often.
		Look at the Cathedral's Museum and the Pummerin Bell which was cast from the barrels of guns captured from the Turks after their siege of Vienna at the end of the 17th century.
	www.sallys-place.com /travel/europe/vienna.htm (2338 words)

	WHKMLA : Habsburg-Ottoman War, 1683-1699
		The Siege of Vienna (1683) was an early climax; then the Ottoman Empire had to fight three wars simultaneously - a Habsburg-Ottoman War (1683-1699; the focus of this page), a Polish-Ottoman War (1683-1699) and a Venetian-Ottoman War (1684-1699), and briefly, the Russo-Ottoman War over Azov (1696).
		While the siege (July 14th - Sept. 12th) made progress and the area surrounding Vienna was subjected to raids, relief armies were gathered in various regions of the Empire and in Poland (which had been a French ally and thus a Habsburg enemy, but was drawn into the Habsburg camp by papal diplomacy.
		While Vienna held out under greatest difficulty, the relief armies approached, crossed the Danube and the Kahlenberg (a mountain) near Vienna unopposed, and then, under the command of Polish King Jan Sobieski, defeated the Ottoman Army in the Battle of Kahlenberg; the siege of Vienna was lifted.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/habsbott16831699.html (1123 words)

	Battle of Vienna - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Vienna (as distinct from the Siege of Vienna some hundred-fifty years earlier), marked the final turning point in a 250-year struggle between the forces of Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
		Sobieski began planning a relief expedition to Vienna during the summer of 1683, when the hard-pressed Turks launched an all-out offensive against Austria.
		Mustafa's men had managed to take part of the walls of Vienna by exploding mines under them, but he inexplicably did not make dispositions to defend against Sobieski even after learning of his arrival.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Battle_of_Vienna (534 words)

	Battle of Vienna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Battle of Vienna in 1683 (as distinct from the Siege of Vienna in 1529), marked the final turning point in a 250-year struggle between the forces of Christian Europe and the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
		Before the siege, the Viennese had demolished many of the houses around the city walls and cleared the debris, leaving an empty plain that would expose the Turks to defensive fire if they tried to rush the city.
		Additionally, the Ottoman siege cut virtually every means of food supply into Vienna, and the population started to starve.
	battle-of-vienna.iqnaut.net (685 words)

	Siege of Vienna: 1683
		One of the most important battles of the 17th century was the battle of Vienna, which was fought on September 12, 1683.
		The Battle of Vienna was mainly fought by the Turks, with about 15,000 Tatars on their side, against a less numerous combination of Polish, German, and Austrian forces.
		Jan III Sobieski was not only looked upon as the savior of Vienna, but as a savior of the whole Europe from the Ottoman Turks.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/ViennaSiege.html (630 words)

	Vienna \| Historical Background\| City Guide \| WCities Destination Guide
		In the 10th century, the German Babenberg dynasty acquired Vienna and during their reign of almost three centuries, the city became a major trading center.
		In 976, he made a gift of Vienna to the Babenbergs who, despite further incursions by the Hungarians, restored the city’s importance as a center of trade and culture.
		Freed from the Turkish threat and the hub of an expanding empire, Vienna again grew under the reign of Karl VI; the Karlskirche, the Belvedere palaces and many other Baroque buildings were constructed and what was called "Vienna gloriosa" was born.
	www.wcities.com /en/guide/history/94/guide.html (1164 words)

	Gates of Vienna Books
		Innocent was a true Defender of the West who, according to John Stoye’s The Siege of Vienna, “never slackened since the day of his election” (in 1676) to organize a Crusade against the Sultan.
		IHS Press found the "Gates of Vienna" to be a most fitting name for an imprint dealing with historical books that base themselves upon a true understanding of both the Catholic Faith and Catholic Social Doctrine.
		The morning of his effort to lift the siege of Vienna, September 12, 1683, he assisted at the Mass celebrated in the church of Kalenberg by the Papal Legate of Blessed Innocent XI, Padre Marco of Aviano.
	www.ihspress.com /gatesofvienna.htm (1316 words)

	The Crusades
		In 1683, the armies of the Ottoman Turks were laying siege to Vienna.
		Vienna, in the center of Europe, nearly fell to the Turks.
		It was Jan Sobieski and his Polish cavalry who helped to break the siege of Vienna and preserve the West.
	www.lewrockwell.com /dieteman/dieteman135.html (606 words)

	Amazon.com: Jihad: The Siege of Vienna: Books: Blake Lewis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His goal was the destruction of Vienna and the expansion of the global caliphate of Islam.
		Based on the true events of the Ottoman siege of Vienna and the life of Eugene of Savoy, this is a story that gives the background of Islam's often stormy and violent relations with the West.
		Jihad: The Siege of Vienna by Blake Lewis $11.90
	www.amazon.com /Jihad-Siege-Vienna-Blake-Lewis/dp/0978518209 (757 words)

	Austria - The Turkish Wars and the Siege of Vienna
		In 1663 rivalries between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs in Transylvania triggered renewed fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire.
		The Turkish threat, which included a prolonged but unsuccessful siege of Vienna in 1683, prompted Poland, Venice, and Russia to join the Habsburg Empire in repelling the Turks.
		Because his former allies negotiated a treaty to protect their own interests, the settlement Charles received when he finally abandoned the war in 1714 was meager: the Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium) and various Italian territories.
	countrystudies.us /austria/15.htm (417 words)

	October Revolution in Vienna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		October Revolution in Vienna On October 6, in Vienna, after the revolutionary fighting and unrest in Frankfurt/Main and other towns in central and south Germany, began the biggest popular uprising in the German Confederation during the autumn phase of the revolution of 1848.
		The Reichstag meeting in Vienna, was indecisive between the revolution and old regime, but its majority increasingly sided with the government.
		But the only deputation arriving in Vienna was a group of four deputies from the Frankfurt national assembly led by Robert Blum, whose arrival in Vienna was only moral support for the insurgents.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/octrevnv.htm (568 words)

	The Siege of Vienna
		On Sunday Night, after the Battle, his Imperial Majesty came to Cloister Nuburgh, Four hours from Vienna, from whence he sent the next day to compliment the King of Poland and the Electors upon their good success the day before.
		This Victory hath already given this advantage to our Affairs, that the Count of Trausmondorse had taken and confiscated the Castles and Revenues of those who had done Homage to the Turk; and it was resolved to do the like in Hungary.
		A True and Exact Relation Of the Raising of the siege of Vienna And the Victory obtained over the Ottoman Army, the 12th of September 1683.
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/siege_of_vienna.htm (1289 words)

	1683 - Raising the Siege of Vienna - John III Sobieski
		Our Souldiers, and the Burghers of Vienna, were Two whole Nights, and One Day, in Rifling their Tents and Body's, and I believe a Week would scarce suffice to finish it.
		All my Countrey men March't with the same Bravery to the Relief of Vienna, as the Souldiers of Godfrey of Bullein did to the Holy Land, and the miraculous Cross that you presented me with (which was his companion in that Expedition) I Believe Contributed no less to our Victory.
		Thanks be to Heaven, now the Half-Moon Triumphs no longer o're the Cross, And 'twas thrown down from St. Stephen's Steeple in Vienna (whom it had o'retopt so long) immediately on the Defeat: Neither have the Turks any occasion to upbraid us with their Blasphemous Mahometan Proverb.
	www.polonica.net /1683-Vienna-Sobieski.htm (896 words)

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