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Topic: Sophie Germain

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Sophie Germain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She was born to a middle-class merchant family in Paris, France, and began studying mathematics at age 13, despite strong attempts to dissuade her from engaging in a 'men's profession' by her parents.
		Germain was particularly interested in Joseph-Louis Lagrange's teachings and submitted papers and assignments under the pseudonym Monsieur Le Blanc, a former student of Lagrange's.
		In 1811 Germain entered The French Academy of Sciences[?]' contest to explain the underlying mathematical law of a German mathematician, attempting to explain Ernst Chladni's study on vibrations[?] of elastic surfaces.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/so/Sophie_Germain (583 words)

	Sophie Germain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Germain was born to a middle-class merchant family in Paris, France, and began studying mathematics at age thirteen, despite her parents' strong attempts to dissuade her from engaging in a 'men's profession'.
		Germain was particularly interested in Joseph-Louis Lagrange's teachings and submitted papers and assignments under the pseudonym "Monsieur Le Blanc", a former student of Lagrange's.
		In 1811 Germain entered the French Academy of Sciences's contest to explain the underlying mathematical law of a German mathematician, attempting to explain Ernst Chladni's study on vibrations of elastic surfaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophie_Germain (612 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Sophie Germain was born in an era of revolution.
		Sophie Germain was born in Paris on April 1, 1776 to Ambroise-Francois and Marie Germain.
		Sophie's interest in mathematics began during the French Revolution when she was 13 years old and confined to her home due to the danger caused by revolts in Paris.
	www.agnesscott.edu /lriddle/women/germain.htm (1552 words)

	SOPHIE GERMAIN
		Da quel momento Sophie Germain divorò qualsiasi testo di matematica riuscisse a trovare nella biblioteca paterna.
		Sophie Germain temeva che a Gauss potesse toccare la stessa sorte di Archimede: ucciso da un soldato francese perché assorto in un ragionamento matematico.
		Sophie Germain si dedicò a questa nuova sfida, e alla scadenza dei due anni fissati dall'Accademia delle Scienze, fu la sola a presentare un lavoro.
	www.24pm-affiliation.com /encyclopedia/S/Sophie_Germain (934 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Sophie Germain lived in an era of chauvinism and prejudice, and in order to conduct her research she was forced to assume a false identity, study in terrible conditions and work in intellectual isolation.
		Germain concluded that if somebody could be so consumed by a geometric problem that it could lead to their death, then mathematics must be the most captivating subject in the world.
		Germain had shown numbers theorists how to destroy an entire section of prime cases and now it was up to the combined efforts of her colleagues to continue proving Fermat’s Last Theorem one case at a time.
	www.simonsingh.net /Sophie_Germain.html (2781 words)

	Sophie Germain prime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is conjectured that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes, but like the twin prime conjecture, this has not been proven.
		A sequence {p, 2p + 1, 2(2p + 1) + 1,...} of Sophie Germain primes is called a Cunningham chain of the first kind.
		Sophie Germain primes were the subject of the eponymous proof in the stage play Proof.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophie_Germain_prime (279 words)

	Sophie Germain prime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They acquired significance because of Sophie Germain 's proof that Fermat's last theorem is true for such primes.
		The first few Sophie Germain primes are: : 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, 173, 179, 191, 233,...
		Sophie and Me: Some of These Days Profile of Lois Young-Tulin, great grand niece of Sophie Tucker, and information on book she authored.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Sophie_Germain_prime.html (612 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Sophie Germain lived in an era of chauvinism and prejudice, and in order to conduct her research she was forced to assume a false identity, study in terrible conditions and work in intellectual isolation.
		Germain concluded that if somebody could be so consumed by a geometric problem that it could lead to their death, then mathematics must be the most captivating subject in the world.
		Germain had shown numbers theorists how to destroy an entire section of prime cases and now it was up to the combined efforts of her colleagues to continue proving Fermat’s Last Theorem one case at a time.
	www.simonsingh.com /Sophie_Germain.html (2781 words)

	Numero primo di Sophie Germain - Wikipedia
		Il numero primo di Sophie Germain è quel numero primo p tale che 2p + 1 sia anch'esso un numero primo.
		I primi di Sophie Germain sono collegati con i primi di Mersenne.
		I primi di Sophie Germain sono inoltre collegati con l'ultimo teorema di Fermat.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Numero_primo_di_Sophie_Germain (233 words)

	Sophie Germain prime
		They acquired significance because of Sophie Germain's proof that Fermat's last theorem is true for such primes.
		It is conjectured that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes, but like the Twin prime conjecture, this has not been proven.
		A sequence {p, 2p+1, 2(2p+1)+1,...} of Sophie Germain primes is called a Cunningham chain[?] of the first kind.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ge/Germain_Primes.html (112 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Sophie Germain - Mathematician
		Sophie Germain was born on 1 April, 1776, in Paris.
		Germain was highly impressed that someone was willing to die for mathematics - she thought the subject itself must be important, and was worthy of study.
		Germain's greatest contribution to mathematics was her work on prime numbers, inspired by trying to prove Fermat's Last Theorem.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A697566 (1112 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Germain submitted a report on analysis to Lagrange using the name of an acquaintance registered as a student at the school, Antoine-August Le Blanc, or better known as Monsieur Le Blanc, because she felt her answers would not be accepted if it was known that the author was female (…192).
		Germain explained to Gauss of her fear of ridicule because of her sex and the disrepute attached to the femme-savantes of the time.
		Germain, herself, did not have the grasp on double integrals that was necessary for this type of work.
	www.mathsci.appstate.edu /~sjg/womeninmath/SophieGermain.html (3338 words)

	PlanetMath: Sophie Germain
		In 1831, Gauss recommended that Germain receive an honorary doctorate from Göttingen University, but she died before the degree could be conferred.
		Today she is best known for the Sophie Germain primes.
		This is version 3 of Sophie Germain, born on 2006-10-02, modified 2007-03-31.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/SophieGermain.html (238 words)

	Sophie Germain - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Marie-Sophie Germain (1 de abril de 1776 – 27 de junio de 1831) fue una matemática francesa que hizo importantes contribuciones a la teoría de números y la teoría de la elasticidad.
		Sophie temía que Gauss pudiera correr un destino similar al de Archimedes y le confió a Pernety sus temores; éste localizó al matemático alemán y le dijó quien era su protectora (lo que confunció a Gauss ya que nunca había oído hablar de ella).
		En 1811 Germain participa en un concurso de la Academia Francesa de las Ciencias para explicar los fundamentos matemáticos desarrollados por un matemático alemán aplicados al estudio Ernst Chladni sobre las vibraciones de las superfícies elásticas.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophie_Germain (759 words)

	Sophie Germain: Marie-Sophie Germain
		Marie-Sophie Germain was the middle daughter of Ambroise-François, a prosperous silk-merchant, and Marie-Madelaine Gruguelin.
		Sophie's home was a meeting place for those interested in liberal reforms and she was exposed to political and philosophical discussions during her early years.
		Marie-Sophie Germain was born in Paris in 1776, the middle daughter of a wealthy silk merchant and was only thirteen years old when the French Revolution began.
	www.lycos.com /info/sophie-germain--marie-sophie-germain.html (301 words)

	sophie germain prime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A prime number p is called a Sophie Germain prime if 2p + 1 is also prime.
		They acquired significance because of Sophie Germain's proof that Fermat's last theorem is true for such primes.
		A sequence {p, 2p + 1, 2(2p + 1) + 1,...} of Sophie Germain primes is called a Cunningham chain of the first kind.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Sophie_Germain_prime.html (211 words)

	Sophie Germain - Wikipedia
		Gelegentlich wird ihr Todestag auch auf den 26.
		Ihr Vater Ambroise Francois Germain war ein reicher Kaufmann.
		Literatur von und über Sophie Germain im Katalog der DDB
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophie_Germain (283 words)

	NOVA Online \| The Proof \| Math's Hidden Woman
		Germain grew in confidence and she moved from solving problems in her course work to studying unexplored areas of mathematics.
		Germain's work on Fermat's Last Theorem was to be her greatest contribution to mathematics, but initially she was not credited for her breakthrough.
		When Germain wrote to Gauss she was still in her 20s, and, although she had gained a reputation in Paris, she feared that the great man would not take her seriously because of her gender.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/proof/germain.html (2400 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Nevertheless, Sophie sought out advice from the greatest mathematicians of her time, and in spite of her shyness, she was bold enough to submit her own ideas and solutions to very difficult mathematical problems.
		Sophie was stricken with breast cancer in 1829 but, undeterred by her illness and the revolution that raged again in 1830, she wrote papers on number theory and on the curvature of surfaces.
		Sophie's Diary was inspired by the mystery behind Sophie Germain teenage years, during which time she, alone, learned the mathematics that served her as a basis for her achievements outlined in her biography.
	www.sophiesdiary.net /id2.html (1623 words)

	Sophie germain prime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Look for Sophie germain prime in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Sophie germain prime in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Sophie germain prime in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/sophie_germain_prime (165 words)

	SOPHIE-GERMAIN-PRIMZAHL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eine Primzahl p nennt man Sophie Germain Primzahl oder auch Germain'sche Primzahl wenn auch 2p+1 eine Primzahl ist.
		1823, dass diese Vermutung für alle Sophie Germain Primzahlen zutrifft.
		Beispiel: p=11 ist eine Sophie Germain Primzahl, denn 2p+1 = 23 ist prim.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/S/Sophie-Germain-Primzahl (368 words)

	Sophie Germain Biography \| World of Mathematics
		Germain worked alone, which was to her credit, yet contributed in a fundamental way to her limited development as a theorist.
		From the ages of 13 to 18 Sophie, as she was called to minimize confusion with the other Maries in her immediate family, absorbed herself in the study of pure mathematics.
		Germain's one formal prize, the Institut de France's Gold Medal Prix Extraordinaire of 1816, was awarded to her on her third attempt, despite persistent weaknesses in her arguments.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sophie-germain-wom (994 words)

	Germain biography
		Germain's true identity was revealed to Gauss only after the 1806 French occupation of his hometown of Braunschweig.
		Germain's third attempt in the re-opened contest of 1815 was deemed worthy of the prize of a medal of one kilogram of gold, although deficiencies in its mathematical rigour remained.
		Germain attempted to extend her research, in a paper submitted in 1825 to a commission of the Institut de France, whose members included Poisson, Gaspard de Prony and Laplace.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Germain.html (1023 words)

	Sophie Germain
		Sophie obtained lecture notes from courses at L'École Polytechnique to persue her studies, as women were not allowed formal university education.
		Sophie submitted a paper to Lagrange at the end of one of his courses.
		Sophie wrote to other mathematicians of the time, including Legendre, who included a paper of hers in a suppliment to the second edition of his Théorie.
	www.geocities.com /mathladies/bios/germain.html (253 words)

	Sophie Germain's Work on Fermat's Last Theorem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While Sophie Germain is best known today for her work on elasticity, she made important contributions to number theory as well.
		Sophie Germain's claim to number theoretic fame rests on a footnote in Legendre's Théorie des Nombres, crediting her with what is known today as Sophie Germain's Theorem, the first general result toward a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.
		Germain, however, never published her theorem, describing it instead in correspondence with Legendre and Gauss; it was detailed by Legendre when he published his own solution for exponent five.
	www.math.nmsu.edu /~history/germain.html (299 words)

	Chaucer Technology School - Maths: Sophie Germain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sophie Germain (zhair-MAN) was a French mathematician born in 1776, in Paris.
		Germain was determined to find out; when she learned it was mathematics, she dedicated her life to the same absorbing pursuit.
		Germain feared his disapproval, but Lagrange was open-minded and encouraging; he even helped her establish a correspondence with other scholars working in number theory.
	www.chaucer.ac.uk /students/subjects/maths/oldwebsite/feb98_sophie_germain.htm (698 words)

	Sophie Germain -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As a girl Germain read widely in her father's library and then later, using the pseudonym of M. Le Blanc, managed to obtain lecture notes for courses from the newly organized École Polytechnique in Paris.
		Sophie Germain (1776–1831), who once stated, “I have never ceased thinking about the theory of numbers,” made important contributions to Fermat's last theorem, and Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752–1833) and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–59) confirmed the theorem for n = 5—i.e., they showed that...
		The French actor Lucien Germain Guitry was one of the greatest French interpreters of modern realistic drama.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036561 (699 words)

	Fermat's Last Theorem: Sophie Germain
		Sophie Germain was born on April 1, 1776 at the dawn of the French Revolution.
		When Sophie was 13, she discovered a book on the history of mathematics in her father's library.
		Sophie Germain died in 1831 at the age of 55 after a two year struggle with breast cancer.
	fermatslasttheorem.blogspot.com /2005/08/sophie-germain.html (820 words)

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