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Topic: South African English

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	South African English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South African English is a dialect of English spoken in South Africa and in neighbouring countries with a large number of Anglo-Africans living in them, such as Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.
		South African English is not unified in its pronunciation: this can be attributed to the fact that English is the mother tongue for only 40% of the white inhabitants (the remainder mostly having Afrikaans as their mother tongue) and only a tiny minority of fl African inhabitants of the region.
		English spoken by Bantu mother-tongue South Africans is sometimes influenced by intonation and pronunciation of Bantu languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_African_English (1058 words)

	South African English: Oppressor or Liberator?
		English was chosen as the language of instruction by the fl governments of ‘independent homelands’ such as the Transkei, and English-language newspapers enjoyed wide readership in the townships.
		English is seen as the language of upward mobility and empowerment by fl South Africans: yet it is the historically disempowered (and particularly the fl rural poor), who are least likely to have access to this resource.
		English remains the politically ‘neutral’ language for public use: President Mandela’s speeches are almost invariably in English; national conferences are held largely in English; in Parliament, although all official languages may be used, English is predominant; tertiary education is in English, with the exception of some of the Afrikaans-language campuses.
	www.ru.ac.za /affiliates/dsae/MAVEN.HTML (2768 words)

	South African English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		South African English is the variety of English used in the Republic of South Africa.
		South African English tends not to pronounce r in words such as art, door, and worker, and, among Africans, generally has full vowels in all syllables (e.g., seven is pronounced "seh-ven" not "sev'n").
		In the speech of middle-class British South Africans distinctive usages are common: e.g., the vowels in park and trap are heard by outsiders as "pork" and "trep," and in fair hair as "fay hay." A curiosity of the grammar is the affirmative "no," as in How are you?
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861710884_1861710866/prevpage.html (259 words)

	South Africa
		South Africa is situated on the southern tip of Africa, a continent of some 650 million people in 42 countries.
		South African corporations were leasing 4,900 digital lines at the end of 1999.
		South Africa is the least expensive country in which to do business according to a 27-country index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit in 1997.
	www.kashangroup.com /About_SA/southafrica.htm (3723 words)

	Wade: Arguments for BSAE as a distinct 'new' English
		Black South African English (BSAE) is a relatively little studied variety of English, yet it is of considerable interest both for its distinctive linguistic features, and because of the influence it seems likely to have on the development of English in South Africa.
		The prospects of an informal restandardisation of South African English in the direction of BSAE are enhanced by the ideological milieu that prevails in South Africa.
		The parallels extend to the use of English: in both cases the language is spoken as a mother-tongue by less than ten percent of the total, yet is used by a far higher percentage as a second language.
	www.und.ac.za /und/ling/archive/wade-03.html (4799 words)

	South African English - full list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This South African favourite is dried and salted meat, similar to beef jerky, although it can be made from ostrich, kudu, beef or any other red meat.
		This is the popular South African version of a barbecue where meats such as steak, chicken and boerewors (boo-ruh-vorss) are cooked.
		South Africans often use the term to refer to their currency, as in: "I only have 10 bucks on me", meaning "I am only in possession of 10 rand".
	www.backinafrica.com /SAEnglishFull.asp (2928 words)

	Flak Magazine: South African English, 09.11.03
		South Africans have taken this to a laudable scale, often reducing phrases to a single word.
		South Africans have also creatively turned a casual national attitude toward punctuality into a collection of incomprehensible phrases regarding time.
		Any true South African can effectively sprinkle Afrikaans words liberally into his or her English speech, creating a slang that is virtually unintelligible to proper English speakers.
	www.flakmag.com /misc/saenglish.html (1074 words)

	BBC - Radio4 - Routes of English - Series 4 - South Africa
		English became the language of freedom and the ANC adopted it.
		He refutes the claim that English is the linguistic winner in the country.
		English is spoken with a Xhosa accent and attitude.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_5.shtml (617 words)

	Lexicography in a Multilingual South Africa
		Language borrowing is a universal phenomenon and owing to the status of English as an international language, the lexicon of English has to be regarded as one of the prime targets for language borrowing.
		Although this collection of items is of interest to lexicographers and linguists from the other South African languages as well as scholars from other varieties of English, English teachers and the teaching staff in English departments at South African universities should focus their attention on this work.
		Due to the "South African" rather than a restricted SAE approach, the presentation of lemmata is a clear exhibit of the linguistic interaction in a multilingual South Africa.
	www.wat.co.za /translex/DSAE2.html (5807 words)

	English in South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As a result, the English of South Africa have been a very small minority: Among the whites, who count only a fifth of the population, over 60% are of Afrikaner background (i.e.
		Those have influenced SAE a lot: There is a reasonable amount of Afrikaans borrowings, like kraal (native village), veld (flat open country), wildebeest (gnu), stoep (verandah), kopje (small hill), lekker bakkie (type of truck), dorp (village) etc. (Bähr, 1974: 312; Crystal, 1988: 244).
		Not only words, also a lot of SAE phonetic peculiarities are derived from Afrikaans: Unlike Southern English dialects and Broad Australian no h-dropping occurs; instead, the [h] may be used in its voiced variety.
	www.linguist.de /reese/English/africa.htm (469 words)

	South African English is lekker! - SouthAfrica.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		SA English has a flavour all its own, borrowing freely from Afrikaans - which is similar to Dutch and Flemish - as well as from the country's many African languages, with some words coming from colonial-era Malay and Portuguese immigrants.
		The dolos is a South African invention used to protect seawalls and preserve beaches from erosion.
		English is the most spoken language in official and commercial public life - but only the fifth most spoken home language.
	www.southafrica.info /plan_trip/travel_tips/questions/saenglish.htm (3181 words)

	Gough
		English was declared the sole official language of the Cape Colony in 1822 (replacing Dutch), and the stated language policy of the government of the time was one of Anglicization of the region.
		On the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, which united the former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State with the Cape and Natal colonies, English was made the official language together with Dutch (which was replaced by Afrikaans in 1925).
		Presently, English is established throughout South African society, amongst individuals from a variety of linguistic and ethnic backgrounds (although less so in the rural than the urban areas, and amongst the working class).
	www.ru.ac.za /affiliates/dsae/GOUGH.HTML (2154 words)

	ICE South Africa
		The South African component of ICE is based at the University of Port Elizabeth.
		English is one of the eleven official languages in South Africa, with around 9% of the population claiming English as a first language, 15% Afrikaans, and 75% African languages, notably one of the Bantu languages.
		English is widely used in the government, education, business, and the media.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /english-usage/ice/icesa.htm (133 words)

	South African English - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		British South Africa, the collective name for the three former British dependencies of Bechuanaland, Basutoland, and Swaziland in southern Africa....
		A specifically South African literature in English, written by white South Africans, emerged with the 1883 publication of...
		British Africa consists of British East Africa, comprising Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar; British West Africa, comprising Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, and the trusteeship territories of the Cameroons and Togoland; British Central Africa, comprising Northern and Southern...
	encarta.msn.com /South+African+English.html (184 words)

	South African English \| Antimoon Forum
		The whites are divided into Afrikaners (mainly dutch, German, french origin) and the english mother tongue speakers (settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland); rarely do these two groups intermarry; they live in their own communities and are marked by a history of war.
		South Africans love pronouncing all of their consanants as well, there is no shortcuts, no silent T's for instance.
		I can pick a South African within seconds of them opening their mouths, but can I tell the difference bewteen a Namibian or a white person from Zimbabwe, no I am not that practised.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/2002/402.htm (1005 words)

	Welcome to South Africa
		South African English has a home-grown flavour all of its own, borrowing freely from Afrikaans - which is similar to Dutch and Flemish - as well as from the country's many African languages.
		The first two years of a South African child's schooling are spent in Sub-A and Sub-B. Thereafter they progress to Standard One and eventually finish school after completing Standard Ten, which is also known as Matric.
		For example, a South African might say: "I'm going to throw you with a stone", meaning "I'm going to throw a stone at you." This confusion arises because of the Afrikaans "gooi met", which means "throw at" but translates directly as "throw with".
	www.southafrica.net /index.cfm?sitepageID=457 (3215 words)

	South African Children's Literature
		English children's books written with a South African background or by a South African were usually published in England.
		The African people of South Africa were exposed to missionary education and later to an inferior education system which was a result of the policy of apartheid of the South African government.
		The rise of African consciousness and nationalism in the battle against apartheid has led to the identification of English as the language for education and freedom.
	www.childlit.org.za /history.html (945 words)

	[No title]
		South Africa was a Dutch colony from 1652.
		English has become something of a lingua franca, being the second language of large segments of the population.
		South Africans use the all-purpose question tags: 'isn't it?' and 'is it?'.
	web.tiscali.it /njross/safrica.htm (205 words)

	South African Express Airways, a Domestic Airline in South Africa
		South African Express Airways is one of the fastest growing regional and domestic airlines in South Africa.
		South African Express now offers business or leisure travellers the luxury of leather seats, superior design features and performance, while maintaining European noise and emission control standards.
		South African Express Airways will accept one piece of cabin baggage not exceeding a total dimension of 115cm and 7 kg in weight.
	www.saexpress.co.za (842 words)

	Poznan Linguistic Meeting :: PLM2006 :: Abstract
		A Dictionary of South African English (henceforth DSAE) deals with an unconventional part of the English vocabulary - the one which originated in or is peculiar to South Africa.
		There is little doubt that the African-language borrowings or otherwise Africanized English lexical items that the dictionary provides bear evidence of an important general property of English, its assimilative capacity.
		While, as could be expected, entries make the origin of headwords or idiosyncrasies of South African English usage clear in every case, the dictionary, a little surprisingly, and, as it might seem - contrary to the implication of the title itself, goes beyond the South African context.
	elex.amu.edu.pl /ifa/plm/abs/plm_2006_abs_Dziemianko.html (673 words)

	AfricanLanguages.com - African Languages info
		It is estimated that there are between 2000 and 3000 languages spoken on the African continent, with possibly as many as 8000 dialects.
		African languages are divided into four major language families, as well as Austronesian.
		English is the only one of the official South African languages which is not indigenous.
	www.africanlanguages.com (605 words)

	Wade: A New English for the New South Africa
		These institutionalised, L2 Englishes have increasingly come to be regarded as independent varieties with their own indigenous norms of usage and developing standards rather than simply viewed in terms of deviations from an external, L1 norm (Kachru 1982).
		However the South African situation is unusual and particularly interesting because the indigenising variety (SABE) exists alongside an L1 variety spoken by a sizeable and socially powerful minority.
		Its influence on Standard South African English will, I am convinced, grow as a result of socio-economic changes: changes in the composition of the work force are likely to result in greater numbers of SABE speakers filling clerical, professional and managerial positions.
	www.und.ac.za /und/ling/archive/wade-01.html (3386 words)

	English in Language Shift - Cambridge University Press
		Rajend Mesthrie examines the rise of a new variety of English among Indian migrant workers indentured on the plantations of Natal in South Africa.
		English in Language Shift observes the acquisition of language in its social setting, often outside the classroom.
		South African Indian English is compared with other dialects within South Africa, with English in India, and with Englishes generally.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521026490 (346 words)

	South African English
		Pronounced like the "ach" in the German "achtung", it can be used to start a reply when you are asked a tricky question, as in: "Ag, I don't know." Or a sense of resignation: "Ag, I'll have some more pap then." It can stand alone too as a signal of irritation or of pleasure.
		South Africans are known to eat it with everything, including fried eggs.
		Nature has always been unkind to South African schoolchildren, providing beach and swimming pool weather just when they should be swotting for the mid-summer finals.
	www.biltongbox.com /salang.html (1256 words)

	International Englishes
		"South Africa [The Evolution of Children’s Literature in]." Bookbird 36(Spring 1988): 46-50.
		The Pronunciation of South African English: A Phonetic-Phonemic Introduction.
		English in Language Shift: The History, Structure, and Sociolinguistics of South African Indian English.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/IntEng/SAfrica.htm (338 words)

	South African English \| Antimoon Forum
		The South Africa of the past and present are extremely different.
		Local English has been influence slightly by Afrikaans in the use of words like 'braai' (rhymes with 'buy') for barbecue but apart from a few phrases like that should be entirely understandable to any English speaker.
		Afrikaans is the language most commonly spoken either as a first or second language, Zulu and Xhosa are the most spoken first languages, but despite this English is the main language of TV and many newspapers and I think the amount of English speakers is growing all the time.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/2003/2459.htm (689 words)

	Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies - Vol. 20, No. 1 (2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This paper describes the proposed structure and design for a corpus of Xhosa English, which should ultimately form part of a larger corpus of Black South African English (BSAE).
		The planned corpus (which already comprises 100 000 transcribed words) is exclusively based on spoken spontaneous Xhosa English, and full justification for this decision is provided in the paper.
		In order that this corpus will be mutually compatible with similar corpora elsewhere, the guidelines of the Wellington corpus of spoken New Zealand English (based in the International Corpus of English (ICE)) have been closely followed, both in terms of transcription and mark-up conventions and in the referencing system used.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?id=8369 (260 words)

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