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Topic: Space probe

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Unmanned space mission

Space exploration

Exploration of Mars

List of unmanned spacecraft by program

Rosetta space probe

Zond program

Sakigake

Mars Odyssey

Space station (Star Trek)

Space Station Freedom

NASA

Vanguard program

Animals in space

	space probe — FactMonster.com
		Instruments carried by space probes include radiometers, magnetometers, and television cameras sensitive to infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light; there also may be special detectors for micrometeors, cosmic rays, gamma rays, and solar wind.
		A probe may be directed to orbit a planet, to soft-land instrument packages on a planetary surface, or to fly by as close as a few thousand miles from one or more planets.
		The particulars of trajectory and instrumentation of each space probe are tailored around the mission's scientific and technological objectives; the data provided by a single space probe may require months or even years of analysis.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0846140.html (731 words)

	space probe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Unlike an artificial satellite, which is placed in more or less permanent orbit around the earth, a space probe is launched with enough energy to escape the gravitational field of the earth and navigate among the planets.
		Instruments carried by space probes include radiometers, magnetometers, and television cameras sensitive to infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light; there also may be special detectors for micrometeors, cosmic rays, gamma rays, and solar wind.
		The particulars of trajectory and instrumentation of each space probe are tailored around the mission’s scientific and technological objectives; the data provided by a single space probe may require months or even years of analysis.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sp/spacepro.html (812 words)

	space probe
		The first successful planetary probe was the US Mariner 2, which flew past Venus in 1962, using a transfer orbit.
		The first space probe to leave the Solar System was Pioneer 10 in 1983.
		Space probes include Galileo, Giotto, Magellan, Mars Observer, Ulysses, the Moon probes, and the Mariner, Pioneer, Viking, and Voyager series.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0010400.html (256 words)

	NASA's Galileo space probe disintegrates over Jupiter
		However, the probe was lost almost a hour before this, as it took some 52 minutes for Galileo's transmissions to reach earth.
		The probe had notably discovered the existence of an underground ocean on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, during its voyage.
		It was also the first spacecraft to directly measure with a probe the atmosphere of Jupiter, the largest planet in the Earth's solar system, and was the first to carry out long-term observations from orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/030921230441.zavyrggu.html (442 words)

	Artemis Project: Space FAQ 08/13 - Planetary Probe History
		All five probes of the series, launched from 1966 to 1967, were essentially successful in their missions.
		The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC is entrusted with the safekeeping of the Mutch Station Plaque until it can be attached to the lander by a manned expedition.
		Space missions are affected by numerous political, economic, and climatic factors.
	www.asi.org /adb/m/02/probe-history-space-faq.html (4003 words)

	NASA space probe crashes into comet
		The probe was to designed to shoot close-up pictures at a relative speed of 23,000 mph (37,000 kilometers per hour) until hitting the comet.
		The probe's anticipated impact could cause the comet to shine brighter than normal, and stargazers may be able to see celestial fireworks with a telescope in parts of the Western United States and Latin America.
		Scientists expected the collision to spray a cone-shaped plume of debris into space with a resulting crater ranging anywhere from the size of a large house to a football stadium and be between two and 14 stories deep.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-07/04/content_456942.htm (752 words)

	probe - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		awl, drill, hammer, jigsaw, mallet, sander, saw, screwdriver, vise, level chisel, lathe, forceps, lancet, probe, scalpel, speculum, stethoscope,...
		Luna (space program), series of spacecraft that the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) launched toward the moon in the 1950s, 1960s,...
		Important Space Probes (list), Space Exploration: Scientific Satellites, explorations of deep space, explorations of the Moon, explorations of the...
	encarta.msn.com /probe.html (154 words)

	Space probe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Subsequently, space agencies in the United States, Europe and Japan have flown probes to each of the eight other planets in the solar system and several asteroids and comets.
		Sakigake probe — Japanese flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
		Venus Express — ESA probe to be sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_probe (511 words)

	Time Line of Space Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This probe is intended as an orbital mapper to study the red planet's atmosphere, surface, and geological make-up.
		Contact with the probe is lost on December 3, 1999 as it is descending through the Martian atmosphere and it is never heard from again, the first failure of a U.S. planetary soft landing in 30 years.
		April 7, 2001 - the 2001 Mars Odyssey probe is launched on a trajectory for Mars orbit to be achieved in October, with a mission similar to that of the Mars Climate Orbiter launched December 1998.
	my.execpc.com /~culp/space/timeline.html (5900 words)

	Space FAQ 08/13 - Planetary Probe History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MARINER 2 became the first successful probe to flyby Venus in December of 1962, and it returned information which confirmed that Venus is a very hot (800 degrees Fahrenheit, now revised to 900 degrees F.) world with a cloud-covered atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide (sulfuric acid was later confirmed in 1978).
		MARINER 4, the sister probe to MARINER 3, did reach Mars in 1965 and took the first close-up images of the Martian surface (22 in all) as it flew by the planet.
		Space missions are affected by numerous political, economic, and climatic factors, as you probably know.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/space/probe (3705 words)

	Galileo Space Probe/Orbiter
		The Probe must traverse the intense inner radiation belts of Jupiter, which are far stronger than the Van Allen radiation belts about Earth, as it approaches the top of the atmosphere.
		The Probe must also be rugged enough to withstand the extreme heat generated by the high-speed plunge into Jupiter’s atmosphere.
		Finally, the Probe’s scientific instruments and supporting systems must be able to function at an atmospheric pressure 20 times that of Earth, which the Probe will encounter in Jupiter’s atmosphere.
	library.thinkquest.org /J002741/galileo_probe_print.htm (643 words)

	Aerospace Technology - Stardust Space Probe
		Stardust is a space mission by NASA that will fly close to a comet and, for the first time ever, bring cometary material back to Earth for analysis by scientists.
		The mission is the first by NASA dedicated solely to a comet and the first robotic return of extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the Moon.
		The main aim of the project is to cross the path of the Wild 2 comet and collect dust particles for analysis in space and to later return the particles to Earth for further investigation.
	www.aerospace-technology.com /projects/stardust (911 words)

	Aerospace Technology - Rosetta Space Probe, Europe
		CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission) probes the comet's interior by studying radio waves that are reflected and scattered by the nucleus.
		MUPUS (Multi-Purpose Sensors for Surface and Subsurface Science) uses sensors on the lander's anchor, probe and exterior to measure the density, thermal and mechanical properties of the surface.
		Rosetta is ESA's attempt to fly a probe to a comet and study it.
	www.aerospace-technology.com /projects/rosetta (1313 words)

	Space Probe \| World of Earth Science
		As distinguished from satellites orbiting Earth under the influence of gravitational attraction, a space probe is rocketed into space with sufficient speed to achieve escape velocity (the velocity needed to obtain parabolic or hyperbolic orbit) and to reach a trajectory aimed at a pre-selected target.
		The space probe is used mostly for the acquisition of scientific data enriching general knowledge on properties of outer space and heavenly bodies.
		Any space probe is a self-contained piece of machinery designed to perform a variety of prescribed complex operations for a long time, sometimes for decades.
	www.bookrags.com /research/space-probe-woes-02 (1178 words)

	Europe's space probe swings by Mars \| International \| Reuters
		The pioneering space probe performed its "swing-by" of the red planet early on Sunday, performing the second of four so-called "gravitational assisted maneuvers" that the craft will complete before reaching its ambitious target in 2014.
		The three-ton probe successfully orbited Mars close to the controllers' planned trajectory and at one point came within just 250 km (155 miles) of the planet's surface.
		Controllers had been concerned the probe might face difficulties as it passed through the Martian shadow, losing the solar power source of its instruments and leaving it reliant on a brace of tiny batteries.
	www.reuters.com /article/worldNews/idUSL2239957020070226 (413 words)

	Viktor's Home Page: Deep Space Probes
		Other deep space probes explore the Sun, other planets, or are on their way out of the Solar System.
		Other probes are studying the Solar System, or are on their way towards non-planetary targets.
		Probes located near these positions remain at a fixed position relative to both the Earth and the Sun.
	www.vttoth.com /probes/probes.asp (660 words)

	USATODAY.com - Japanese probe pulls alongside asteroid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		TOKYO — Bringing Japan's most complex space mission near its climax, a probe is within 12 miles of an asteroid almost 180 million miles from Earth in an unprecedented rendezvous designed to retrieve rocks from its surface.
		Wako said the probe is set to return to Earth and land in the Australian outback in June 2007.
		Its SELENE probe — originally scheduled for launch in 2005, but since delayed — is designed to orbit the moon, releasing two small satellites that will measure the moon's magnetic and gravitational field and conduct other tests for clues about the moon's origin.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2005-09-15-japanese-probe_x.htm?csp=34 (617 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Europe's Venus Express space probe enters orbit
		Europe's first space probe to Venus slipped smoothly into orbit on Tuesday in a mission designed to send back data from a planet whose extreme atmosphere conceals important similarities with the Earth.
		The last spacecraft on an orbital mission to Venus was NASA's Magellan probe, which orbited the planet from 1990 to 1994 and mapped 98 percent of its surface.
		Officials at the ESA's Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany, said the Venus probe had completed a braking operation that will place it into a position that will allow it to be dragged into orbit around the planet.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20060411-0811-space-venus.html (901 words)

	Space Today Online -- The Pioneer spacecraft still are outbound
		The Asteroid Belt is a Sun-orbiting span of rocky debris floating in space between Mars and Jupiter.
		After Pioneer 10 emerged from the Asteroid Belt, its companion probe, Pioneer 11, was launched from Earth on a similar trajectory.
		Of course, the Voyager 1 interplanetary probe passed Pioneer 10 in mileage out of the Solar System in 1998, but Voyager 1 is travelling in a direction opposite to the course taken by Pioneer 10.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/ThePioneers.html (1693 words)

	ScienceDaily: Space Probe News
		Lunar space elevator -- A lunar space elevator (also called a moonstalk) is a proposed cable running from the surface of the Moon into space.
		NASA -- The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America.
		On February 1, 1978, the first group of space shuttle astronauts, twenty-nine men and six women, were introduced to the world.
	www.sciencedaily.com /news/space_time/space_probes/display=summaries&page=1 (1246 words)

	Japan Space Probe Fails Asteroid Landing - Space - RedOrbit
		The Hayabusa probe, which botched a rehearsal landing earlier this month, was on a mission to briefly touch down on the asteroid, collect material, then bring it back to Earth.
		The probe switched to auto-control, storing data about itself and later transmitting it to ground control to be analyzed.
		The exact location of the probe was unknown, Horiguchi said, but it was believed to be within 60 miles of the asteroid.
	www.redorbit.com /news/space/309520/japan_space_probe_fails_asteroid_landing/index.html (458 words)

	Japan Probe Lands on Asteroid -
		TOKYO -- A Japanese space probe made history on Saturday when it landed on the surface of an asteroid and then collected rock samples that could give clues to the origin of the solar system.
		The probe then shot a 5-gramme (0.18 oz) metal ball toward the surface at a speed of 670 mph, collecting into a capsule the debris unleashed as a result of the impact, JAXA officials said.
		The probe's capsule containing the samples is due to land in the Australian outback in June 2007.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/space/0,69681-0.html?tw=rss.technology (522 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gravity Probe B: Delay in Space and Time
		Decades in the making, a space probe that delves into Albert Einstein's general theory of gravitation remains grounded on Earth, caught in its own space-time continuum of technical snags, costly delays, and threats of cancellation.
		Gravity Probe B is an experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to precisely test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, measuring how space and time are warped by the presence of the Earth and how the Earth's rotation drags space-time around with it.
		"Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics," states a 1995 "accelerated scientific review" of the mission undertaken by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC).
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/gravity_probe_b_031231.html (1554 words)

	Neutron stars steal space probe's glory - 11 September 2004 - New Scientist Space
		Gravity Probe B, which carries ultra-sensitive gyroscopes, was conceived in the 1950s to measure these forces, but was only launched in April 2004.
		Last week, Ingrid Stairs of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and colleagues reported for the first time that the observed precession in a binary pulsar due to the geodetic effect was consistent with that predicted by general relativity.
		So the big prize for Gravity Probe B is now the gravitomagnetic effect, which is hundreds of times weaker than the geodetic effect and is unlikely to be seen in the near future by Stairs's team.
	space.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6372 (719 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gravity Probe B: Delay in Space and Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Decades in the making, a space probe that delves into Albert Einstein's general theory of gravitation remains grounded on Earth, caught in its own space-time continuum of technical snags, costly delays, and threats of cancellation.
		Gravity Probe B is an experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to precisely test two predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, measuring how space and time are warped by the presence of the Earth and how the Earth's rotation drags space-time around with it.
		"Gravity Probe B is one of the few space missions NASA has conducted with relevance to fundamental physics," states a 1995 "accelerated scientific review" of the mission undertaken by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC).
	space.com /businesstechnology/technology/gravity_probe_b_031231.html (1627 words)

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