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Topic: Stratified charge engine

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	Stratified charge - Patent 4104989
		As is known in the art, the operation of an internal combustion engine in the stratified charge mode effects a material reduction in the oxides of nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide pollutants in the exhaust gases.
		Owing to this greater quantity of air in the stratified charge, the carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon components of the exhaust gases are greatly lowered by the air of the pre-stratified charge.
		Although the stratified characteristic of the charge is somewhat altered during combustion and during the power stroke of the engine, the exhaust is still somewhat stratified, i.e., a portion of exhaust rich in oxygen is preceded and followed by portions containing unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4104989.html (5054 words)

	InsightCentral.net - Encyclopedia - Honda Insight Engine
		The Insight's internal combustion engine is an in-line three-cylinder with a displacement of 995cc.
		The engine employs a VTEC mechanism which maximizes running performance by optimizing the valve timing and lift at all engine speeds.
		The Insight's engine will operate on air-fuel ratios as low as 22:1, meaning that the amount of fuel drawn into the engine can be reduced to much lower than that of a typical 1.0 liter gasoline engine which operates at 14.7:1.
	www.insightcentral.net /encyclopedia/enengine.html (322 words)

	Engine selectively utilizing hybrid thermodynamic combustion cycles - Patent 4040395
		As disclosed, the engine is embodied in a form similar to conventional internal-combustion engines to stress the ease of construction and of possible conversion of existing engines to the system of the present invention.
		In each instance, combustion in the engine unit E occurs upon the injection of an elementary charge at the end of the compression stroke, which charge is ignited with a spark so as to burn the vaporized fuel as it enters the compressed air, somewhat in the manner of combustion in a Diesel engine.
		The number of pistons in an engine of the present invention, the firing sequence in the cylinders and the structure for transferring or converting the output torque may all be in accordance with existing technology.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4040395.html (10791 words)

	Engine Summary
		In the stratified-charge spark-ignition engine, homogeneous mixing of the air and fuel is avoided in favor of creating a mixture in the region surrounding the spark plug that is richer in fuel than the cylinder average.
		Charge stratification of this nature facilitates using a cylinder-average air-fuel ratio that is higher (leaner) than could normally be expected to burn satisfactorily if the air and fuel were mixed homogeneously.
		Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as the capstan, windlass or treadmill, and with ropes, pulleys, and block and tackle arrangements, this power was transmitted and multiplied.
	www.bookrags.com /Engine (4703 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Convergence of gasoline, diesel technologies — A vision for the next decade
		Mixture-controlled regulation by the throttle valve in the gasoline engine does not substantially change the air-fuel ratio in the mixture, thus the advantage of leaning the fuel in the mixture is denied to the gasoline engine.
		This is the origin of the stratified charge concept, which is a gasoline engine designed with a higher compression ratio, using heterogeneous regions of rich mixtures around the spark plug and progressively leaning the mixture in regions remote from the sparkplug in response to load and speed changes.
		Whether the diesel and gasoline engine technologies will merge, giving place to a new generation of engine is early to predict, but the stratified charge engine is illustrative of the convergence of this trend towards producing high performance and low emission gasoline engines.
	www.blonnet.com /2003/08/04/stories/2003080400160900.htm (1076 words)

	Spray Technology and Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
		Fighter aircraft require engines that are half the size of current engines, with twice the thrust.
		Engines for supersonic commercial aircraft must provide for doubling the size of the aircraft--as well as distance traveled without landing.
		In order to meet these overall engine design goals, stratified charge combustion with rich, quick quench, followed by lean burning zones, are required in series.
	www.normanchigier.com /AircraftGasTurbineEngines.html (308 words)

	Craig's Rotary Page: Aerospace America June 1986
		Curtiss-Wright, which acquired rights to the engine in 1958 and developed a stratified charge version in the '70s, came up with a two-piece sintered metallic seal that was more effective and longer lived.
		Moving engine and prop to the aft end of a low-drag, teardrop-shaped composite fuselage would move their clatter and roar and the high-speed, noise-generating prop-wash downstream of the cabin.
		Should the rotary engine indeed pull the chocks on a technology race, general aviation companies that are now thinking only of survival will have to throttle up their design staffs to keep from being left in the propwash.
	cp_www.tripod.com /rotary/pg10.htm (1978 words)

	EECS News and Events
		One outcome of this research is the direct injection spark ignition (DISI) stratified charge engine.
		This engine can run in multiple operating modes, including a lean burn, stratified charge mode with air-fuel ratio of 40-50:1.
		The stratified charge mode is often employed during low speed and load conditions, such as during engine idle.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /eecs/etc/events/abst.cgi?25 (296 words)

	Nicolaus Otto Summary
		It used the same principal as a steam engine, except that the piston was moved not by steam pressure, but by the ignition of a mixture of air and gas.
		This engine was designed as a stationary engine and in the action of the engine, the stroke is an upward or downward movement of a piston in a cylinder.
		Used later in an adapted form as an automobile engine, four up-down strokes are involved: (1) downward intake stroke—coal-gas and air enter the piston chamber, (2) upward compression stroke—the piston compresses the mixture, (3) downward power stroke—ignites the fuel mixture by electric spark, and (4) upward exhaust stroke—releases exhaust gas from the piston chamber.
	www.bookrags.com /Nicolaus_Otto (4075 words)

	Direct Gasoline Injection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Volvo's decision to use the Mitsubishi 1.8 liter Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine is both a reflection of the strategic alliance with the Japanese automaker as it is an acknowledgement of the technology of the latest "diamond-star" design.
		Improvements in stratified charge technology was required to move to the next step in fuel delivery -- direct fuel injection.
		The development of electronically-controlled stratified charge GDI engines was an extremely costly undertaking, collectively costing the auto industry hundreds of millions of dollars.
	www3.telus.net /Volvo_Books/engine6.html (588 words)

	Transportation
		It was used in diesel engines in 1911, patented for gas engines in England in 1922, patented by the Soviet Union in 1958, and patented by others in the early 1960s.
		Although its engineers had long ago solved the emissions problem, the industry had chosen to ignore their solution and did not own the patents to this critical technology.
		Allowing a modest twenty million such engines built per year throughout the world, the annual waste due to the monopolization of the stratified charge engine technology would be $24 billion, or $408 billion over the seventeen-year life of the patent.
	www.ied.info /books/www/transportation.html (6105 words)

	SAE Smartplug Report
		This enables the prechamber charge to have a considerably lower ignition energy requirement than the main chamber which is in effect the same as a richer mixture in the pre-chamber.
		One is thermal/catalytic activation of the charge in the immediate vicinity of the catalyst d.ue to its increasing temperature from the surface reaction.
		An interface between the non-combustible gases and the fresh charge is formed at the mouth of this chamber during the intake stroke.
	www.automorrow.com /articles/splugsae.html (6488 words)

	DISC Engines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The direct-injection stratified charge engine attempts to incorporate many of the high efficiency features of a diesel into a spark-ignited gasoline engine.
		Spark-ignition gasoline engines' efficiency is hampered by the fact that engine speed is controlled by "throttling".
		To slow the engine down, the flow of air into it is restricted, increasing the amount of energy wasted pumping air.
	www.fueleconomy.gov /feg/DISC_tech.shtml (206 words)

	America’s most heralded automobile of the early Sixties was a car without a name, an unknown market and an ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Some turbine engines in the research lab have run the equivalent of 175,000 piston engine road miles without a repair.
		A windmill is a turbine —driven by the wind and turning a grinding mill attached to it.
		The engine naturally has generated a lot of enthusiasm at GM and at American Motors, which has obtained a license to produce them.
	www.turbinecar.com /76huebner.htm (1894 words)

	Transmission, Driveline, Hybrid Drive engineering - BMW Valvetronic System
		In the stratified mode, the throttle is wide open, but still a throttle is needed in the homogenous mode at higher loads and revs.
		The stratified charge operation brings a load of problems such as NOx emissions control and top ring durability, due to higher combustion temperatures and increased heat transfer to the piston because of the larger surface of its specifically shaped head – at least in the wall control system.
		I suppose they mean the required amount of charge is allowed early during the intake stroke, so that the cylinder is under a reduced vacuum in the first part of that stroke, most of the vacuum being established late in the stroke.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=37241 (4069 words)

	Used Car Parts Online √ Engines, Transmissions, Used Auto Parts at Cherry Auto
		In a two-stroke engine, the exhaust gases are expelled out the exhaust port and the fresh charge is brought in through the transfer port.
		[2] In a two-stroke engine, it is the ratio of the amount of the fresh charge that remains in the cylinder after the two ports are closed and the actual volume.
		A system that, using a fan belt driven by the engine, enables the alternator (or generator) to generate electrical current, which is stored in the battery and delivered to the electrically operated pars of the vehicle chassis: The parts of the vehicle which are left when the body and fenders are removed.
	cherry-auto.proxsoft.com /?id=156 (4114 words)

	EV World: Inside The Honda Insight Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Car
		The introduction of the Insight not only resulted in Honda engineers filing some 300 patents on the vehicle and its components, but it also led to the creation of yet another new definition in what constitutes a hybrid-electric drive system.
		As car makers, government and university researchers experiment with the marriage of the internal combustion engine and electric drives, they are discovering an almost infinite variety of ways to mate the two technologies.
		As with the Toyota Prius, the Insight is a "charge sustaining" hybrid-electric, meaning it doesn't require recharging from an external power source.
	www.evworld.com /archives/reports/inside_insight.html (1633 words)

	Development of Next Generation Systems for Medium-Duty Natural Gas Engines
		A homogeneous charge strategy is to be used at higher engine loads.
		The end cylinder of the engine has been used to perform DING fuel system experiments at part-load conditions.
		charge engine operation has been successfully demonstrated, and substantial fuel consumption improvements are apparent at part-
	www.tpub.com /content/altfuels10/rev98q4/rev98q40030.htm (336 words)

	stratified charge engine definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		stratified charge engine definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		engine with two fuel mixtures: an internal-combustion engine with two layers of fuel density within the cylinder.
		A rich mixture is adjacent to the spark plug whose combustion assists in the ignition of a lean mixture in the remainder of the cylinder.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861715490/stratified_charge_engine.html (89 words)

	Ford Foundation: The Energy Conservation Papers - 35
		The Committee believes that this engine will be certifiable for 1976, at least in small sizes." It is the only engine thus far to have withstood durability emissions testing; and its expected annual incremental cost to meet the 1976 standards is $200 less than that of the dual catalyst system.
		A recent study found that by 1980 stratified-charge engines could account for 10 percent of all new auto production, so that by our first target date of 1985 this engine could be a reasonable alternative to the conventional ICE.
		The second ICE substitute, the electric car, is attractive from the emissions standpoint because the polluting source is diverted from the overly polluted urban area to the location of the power plan.
	www.fordfound.org /elibrary/documents/0163/051.cfm (457 words)

	Internal Combustion Engine Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Unlike diesel engines sold in this country during the 1970s and 80s, modern passenger car diesels are quieter, smoother, more responsive and almost entirely free of diesel odor.
		The "new" diesel engines directly inject fuel into the combustion chamber rather than having part of the combustion occur in a prechamber (indirect injection).
		The advanced fuel injectors atomize the fuel into a fine mist in two stages; the combustion chamber "swirls" the air and fuel; and a computerized electronic management system controls the engine operation and turbocharger, fine-tuning the entire process for fuel efficiency and emission control.
	www.fueleconomy.gov /feg/icetech.shtml (138 words)

	CVCC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CVCC is a trademark by the Honda Motor Company for a device used to reduce automotive emissions called Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion.
		The remaining air / fuel charge, drawn into the cylinder through the main inlet valve is leaner than normal.
		Honda was able to keep the charges adequately separated by combustion chamber shape.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CVCC (282 words)

	Green Car Congress: RevoPowers Gasoline-Powered Bicycle Wheel
		Golden Eagle Bicle engines has a very good engine-assist set-up too: http://www.bikeengines.com/index.htm and though they don't have the slick in-wheel packaging of this setup here (it sits outside of the rear wheel usually), it does have this advantage: you can use any engine you desire, including clean four-strokes.
		Final point: the biggest reciprocating engines in the world are two-stroke turbodiesels with crossheads and exhaust valves in the calinder head for straight scavenging.
		The stratified charge engine should drop HC's by about 70%, CO by about 80% and reduce fuel consuption by about 25%.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2006/06/revopowers_gaso.html (2785 words)

	Stratified charge engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the combustion process proceedes it moves to a very lean area (often only air) where the flame-front cools rapidly and the harmful NO x
		Mazda and Mitsubishi both have cars using these designs, Volvo Cars recently teamed with Mitsubishi to produce their designs in Europe, Audi has a car using the design and PSA Peugeot Citroën has developed such an engine.
		They run at a leaner setting and use, about, 15 to 20% less fuel than non-stratified designs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stratified_charge_engine (771 words)

	STIHL Cutoff Saws
		Whether used for civil engineering, building or road construction, for emergency rescue services, gardening or landscaping, STIHL can supply a suitable cut-off saw for every job.
		Buffer elements considerably reduce the transmission of engine vibrations to the operator's arms and hands, thereby helping to conserve energy when cutting freehand.
		Thanks to the ease and speed with which you can switch between inside and outside mounting, this machine is ideal for working under cramped conditions where, for example, you want to make cuts close to the ground or wall.
	www.ongmac.com.au /stihlcutoffsaws.htm (997 words)

	Engine Research Center
		Krieger, G. Davis, "The Influence of the Degree of Stratification on Jet-Ignition Engine Emissions and Fuel Consumption," I. Mech.
		Lancaster, R. Krieger, J. Lienesch, "Measurement and Analysis of Engine Pressure Data," SAE Paper 750026, 1975.
		Davis, R. Krieger, R. Tabaczynski, "Analysis of the Flow and Combustion Processes of a Three-Valve Stratified-Charge Engine with a Small Prechamber," SAE Transactions (741170), 1974.
	www.erc.wisc.edu /people/faculty/krieger.html (350 words)

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