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	Terpenoid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The terpenoids, sometimes referred to as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes, derived from five-carbon isoprene units assembled and modified in thousands of ways.
		Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves and ginger and the color of yellow flowers.
		Terpenoids can be thought of as modified terpenes, where methyl groups have been moved or removed, or oxygen atoms added.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Terpenoid (417 words)

	911. Esters/branched-chain terpenoid alc./aliphatic acyclic lin./B-C carb. acids (WHO Food Additives Series 40)
		Terpenoid esters are principal flavour components of citrus and citrus peel oils, and have also been detected in wide variety of other fruits, spices and vegetables.
		The terpenoid esters are usually found at concentration of < 1 mg/kg in citrus fruit juices, < 20 000 mg/kg in citrus peel oils, and < 50 000 mg/kg in spices (CIVO-TNO, 1994).
		The terpenoid alcohols are expected to undergo omega-oxidation and functional group oxidation to yield polar metabolites which are excreted as the glucuronic acid conjugate in the urine.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v040je15.htm (5935 words)

	Lice repellant composition - Patent 5411992
		It has been discovered that terpenoids, especially terpenoid-alcohols (terpene-ols) and terpenoid-esters, and some aldehydes and ketones of terpenes, in a concentration of between 0.01% and 50% by weight, most preferably between 0.01% and 10%, are very good lice repellents.
		The method of claim 1, wherein the terpenoid is selected from the group consisting of essential oils containing at least 40% terpene-ol or terpene ester, further comprising a fragrance other than the terpene-ol or essential oil containing terpene-ol or terpene ester.
		Terpenoid-esters are terpenoids which have at least one ester group which is the product of the bonding of the hydroxyl group of a terpene-ol with an aliphatic carboxylic acid that can contain functional groups such as the hydroxyl or amine on the aliphatic chain.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5411992.html (4634 words)

	Report I° Workshop GdL
		In July 1998, the 1st Workshop of the Italian Group of Terpenoid Researchers in the National Research Council of Rome (CNR) was convened to discuss the ecological functions of plant terpenoids as well as their commercial applications.
		Plant terpenoids serve primarily as defence against insects and diseases as well as elicitors of antifeeding reactions in some vertebrates.
		Terpenoids are employed as anti-inflammatories, decongestants for the respiratory tract, sedatives, carminatives, cardiotonic agents and anti-cancer compounds as taxol, a diterpenoid from Taxus brevifolia.
	www.dsa.unipr.it /sisef/Groups/terpeni/report1.htm (827 words)

	943. Aliphatic acyclic/alicyclic terpenoid tertiary alcohols... (WHO Food Additives Series 42)
		A bioassay of carcinogenicity was conducted in rats given a mixture of the terpenoid esters geranyl acetate and citronellyl acetate, which together with linalool and linalyl acetate belong to the group of terpenoid substances previously reviewed by the Committee (Annex 1, reference 50).
		Terpenoid alcohols formed in the gastrointestinal tract are rapidly absorbed (Phillips et al., 1976; Diliberto et al., 1988).
		In humans and animals, terpenoid tertiary alcohols are conjugated primarily with glucuronic acid and are excreted in the urine and faeces (Williams, 1959; Parke et al., 1974a,b; Horning et al., 1976; Ventura et al., 1985).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v042je17.htm (6410 words)

	BioMatNet Item: FAIR-CT97-3628 - Improving production and quality of essential oil from aromatic plants by genetic ...
		That includes analysis of any terpenoids or other secondary metabolites synthesised in the callus, checking the presence of transcript and the coded protein corresponding to the transgene, and examination of the regenerability and growth rate of the callus tissue.
		Rose plants were chosen as the experimental material because of the simplicity of their terpenoid pathway that terminates in a few simple monoterpenes, because of the preliminary successful in vitro culturing and transformation work done by other labs, and because of the economic importance of the species.
		Uncoupling of terpenoid synthesis from cell differentiation could also be one of the results since the introduced gene would not carry the normal promoter regulated by internal cell transcription factors.
	www.biomatnet.org /secure/Fair/F642.htm (2834 words)

	Cotton Molecular Genetics
		Cultivated cottons and their wild relatives produce a suite of chemicals known terpenoid aldehydes, commonly known as 'gossypol', that provide resistance to insect and disease pests.
		However, these toxic terpenoid aldehydes must be removed before the seed oils can be used for human consumption or before the seed protein meals can be used as an animal feed for non-ruminants.
		They provide a means of studying the genetic control of terpenoid expression in cotton, and may provide a means of transferring the relevant genes to a new generation of commercial cotton cultivars.
	www.anbg.gov.au /cpbr/program/sc/cotton_mole.htm (910 words)

	Genomic Organization of Plant Terpene Synthases and Molecular Evolutionary Implications -- Trapp and Croteau 158 (2): ...
		All terpenoids are derived from isopentenyl diphosphate (Fig 2).
		The terpenoid synthase genes are divided into three classes (class I, class II, and class III), which appear to have evolved sequentially from class I to class III by intron loss and loss of the conifer diterpene internal sequence domain (CDIS; see Fig 4).
		Subsequently, A1 progeny are predicted to have remained conserved in genomic structure and function, whereas A2 progeny have continuously specialized by gene duplication and divergence (involving sequential loss of introns and CDIS domain) to produce a superfamily of terpene synthases involved in secondary metabolic processes.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/158/2/811 (7968 words)

	Insect-Induced Conifer Defense. White Pine Weevil and Methyl Jasmonate Induce Traumatic Resinosis, de Novo Formed ...
		Terpenoids were analyzed from samples harvested 20 d after treatment of sapling trees with 0.1% Tween 20 (Tween), treatment with 0.01% MeJA in 0.1% Tween (MeJA), or after feeding by white pine weevils (Weevil).
		Terpenoids were analyzed from samples harvested 20 d after treatment of sapling trees with 0.1% Tween 20 (Tween), treatment with 0.01% MeJA in 0.1% Tween (MeJA), or after exposure of trees to weevils (Weevil).
		Bohlmann J, Croteau R (1999) Diversity and variability of terpenoid defenses in conifers: molecular genetics, biochemistry and evolution of the terpene synthase gene family in grand fir (Abies grandis).
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/137/1/369 (7552 words)

	Paste for manufacturing ferrite and ferrite - Patent 5698131
		Therefore, since the paste comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of terpenoid carboxylic acid and resins containing the composition of the terpenoid carboxylic acid (C), the paste is gradually decomposed through the state of carbon-rich precursor films.
		The rosin is the mixture of terpenoid carboxylic acid and its ester component, or the composition of terpenoid carboxylic acid or its ester component.
		It is necessary to use the material selected from either terpenoid carboxylic acid or resins containing the composition of terpenoid carboxylic acid (C).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5698131.html (6637 words)

	Metalloenzyme structure and function
		Pentalenene synthase is the first terpenoid cyclase to yield a three-dimensional structure.
		These insights are valuable for understanding the function of other terpenoid cyclases, such as those involved in cholesterol and steroid biosyntheses.
		Moreover, the greater family of terpenoid cyclases may share significant structural homology with pentalenene synthase, since they are chemically-related by the biogenetic isoprene rule and biologically related through the evolution of divergent biosynthetic pathways.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9800889 (194 words)

	Dr. J. Bohlmann
		To further analyze in detail the molecular regulation of resin terpenoid defenses in species of spruce, we isolated cDNAs for a large family of TPS genes from Norway spruce (P. abies) and Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis).
		While terpenoid secondary metabolites of this type had not been described for Arabidopsis prior to our work, our discovery of a large and highly conserved AtTPS gene family suggested functional roles of TPS genes and terpenoid secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis.
		Keeling CI, Bohlmann J. Genes, enzymes and chemicals of terpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of conifers against insects and pathogens.
	www.michaelsmith.ubc.ca /faculty/bohlmann (4255 words)

	II - PRODUCTS
		Most of the terpenoid indole alkaloid structures are based around that of strictosidine (Scheme 10) although in many cases this original structure is difficult to immediately see.
		In Cinchona ledgeriana, alkaloid concentrations were found to be highest in the youngest portions of the plant, and as in studies with barley species, extracts of the plant fed to a parasite, Spodoptera exigua caused high mortality and detrimental growth patterns.
		After testing all the alkaloids found in the extracts, it was determined that the active alkaloids was the terpenoid indole alkaloid, cinchophyllene, the quinoline and 5-MeO-tryptamine alkaloids having no effect on either mortality or growth rates of Spodoptera exigua.
	users.lycaeum.org /~desoxy/Products.htm (2087 words)

	Plant terpenoid synthases: Molecular biology and phylogenetic analysis -- Bohlmann et al. 95 (8): 4126 -- Proceedings ...
		Another means of cloning terpenoid synthases exploits their often tissue- or cell-specific pattern of expression.
		Phylogenetic tree of plant terpenoid synthases reconstructed by using Dayhoff's (63) distances between proteins and the neighbor-joining method (64).
		the bifurcation of terpenoid synthases of primary and secondary
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/8/4126 (5522 words)

	Cannabis indica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most commercially available "indica" strains have been selected for low levels of CBD (which is not psychoactive), with some users reporting more of a "high" and less of a "stoned" effect from "indica" compared to "sativa".
		Differences in the terpenoid content of the essential oil may account for some of these differences in effect.
		^ # Hillig, K. A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in Cannabis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cannabis_indica (324 words)

	Institute of Biological Chemistry
		Our research deals broadly with the origin, metabolism and function of terpenoids in plants, and more specifically with the monoterpene (C10), sesquiterpene (C15) and diterpene (C20) constituents of the essential oils and resins used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, flavors, fragrances, and as industrial raw materials.
		These low molecular weight terpenoids also provide a means of chemical defense and communication in plants, yet these compounds are also catabolized during development, suggesting a metabolic role in addition to the ecological function.
		Crystal structure of bornyl diphosphate synthase that catalyzes the monoterpene cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to bornyl diphosphate, the precursor of camphor.
	ibc.wsu.edu /research/croteau/index.htm (485 words)

	Isoprene units are the 5 carbon units making up the terpenoid molecules found in essential oils.
		Isoprene units are the 5 carbon units making up the terpenoid molecules found in essential oils.
		Most compounds found in essential oils are terpenoid molecules and they are the carbon backbone and consist of either 10, 15, 20 or 30 carbon atoms - made up from the 5 carbon isoprene units.
		Isoprene is not a terpene, yet all terpenes consist of isoprene units and these terpenes are either found in the plant material from which essential oil is extracted or terpenes are formed in the extraction process.
	www.essentialoils.co.za /isoprene.htm (208 words)

	University of Iowa - David F. Wiemer
		Our interests in terpenoid synthesis and organophosphorus chemistry have combined to generate an investigation of terpene metabolism.
		Raymond J. Hohl, UI Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, we have designed several families of terpenoid phosphonates as analogues of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP).
		FPP serves as both a key metabolic intermediate in steroid biosynthesis and as a metabolic reagent for addition of lipophilic terpenoid units to a variety of proteins.
	www.chem.uiowa.edu /faculty/wiemer/index.html (428 words)

	Terpenoid Metabolism in Wild-Type and Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants -- Aharoni et al. 15 (12): 2866 -- THE PLANT CELL
		Free (A) and glycosidically bound (B) terpenoids of Arabidopsis rosette leaves were isolated by solid-phase extraction, subjected to GC-MS analysis, and quantified.
		Free and glycosidically bound terpenoids of Arabidopsis rosette leaves were isolated by solid-phase extraction, subjected to GC-MS analysis, and quantified.
		Bohlmann, J., Meyer, G.G., and Croteau, R.B. Plant terpenoid synthases: Molecular biology and phylogenetic analysis.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/12/2866 (7951 words)

	Discovery of Novel Antifungal (1,3)-beta -D-Glucan Synthase Inhibitors -- Onishi et al. 44 (2): 368 -- Antimicrobial ...
		The effects of the acidic terpenoids on macromolecular synthesis were evaluated by treating the cells with increasing concentrations
		The control activity was determined for each glucan synthase preparation in the absence of compounds to calculate the percentage of activity compared to that for the control.
		Terpenoid compounds are abundant in nature and may have diverse biological activities due to specific interactions with proteins
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/2/368 (5310 words)

	David E. Cane - Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the area of terpenoid biosynthesis, Professor Cane's group is isolating, identifying, purifying and characterizing a variety of new enzymes which catalyze the conversion of the universal acyclic precursors, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, to cyclic sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, repectively.
		In addition, cloning, sequencing and overexpression of terpenoid synthase genes has provided large quantities of protein for further mechanistic and protein structural studies.
		For example, it has been found that a series of trichodiene synthase mutants generated by site-directed mutagensis produce of family of anomalous cyclization products, all of which appear to result from premature quenching of the otherwise cryptic intermediates of the normal cyclization.
	www.chem.brown.edu /brochure/people/dec/Research.html (409 words)

	References - terpenoid - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - ...
		Ament K, Kant MR, Sabelis MW, Haring MA, Schuurink RC 2004 Jasmonic acid is a key regulator of spider mite-induced volatile terpenoid and methyl salicylate emission in tomato.
		Bohlmann J, Martin D, Oldham NJ, Gershenzon J 2000 Terpenoid secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of a myrcene/(E)-beta-ocimene synthase.
		Martin D, Tholl D, Gershenzon J, Bohlmann J 2002 Methyl jasmonate induces traumatic resin ducts, terpenoid resin biosynthesis, and terpenoid accumulation in developing xylem of Norway spruce stems.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/terpen.htm (4480 words)

	Terpenoid - WinePress.US Wine Making and Grape Growing Forum
		Terpenoid is a product used by artists, and is usually sold in art stores or catalogues.
		You may find something roughly equivilent in a hardware store or home depot or whatever, but i'm not sure what it would be called.
		Terpenoid is a brand name though, and you should look for it by that name.
	www.winepress.us /forums/index.php?showtopic=7790 (475 words)

	A Fragrant Introduction to Terpenoid Chemistry:085404681X:Sell, Charles S.:eCampus.com
		Terpenoids play an important part in all our lives, from Vitamin A and hormones to perfumes and pharmaceuticals.
		This book provides an introduction to terpenoid chemistry, concentrating on the lower terpenoids, but the basic principles taught are also the foundation for the chemistry of the higher terpenoids.
		Coverage includes: the biogenesis of terpenoids; some of the history of the field; the principles of structural determination; and the importance of stereochemistry and stereoselective synthesis.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=085404681X&referrer=CJ (275 words)

	Salvia Center Library: Divinorin A, a Psychotropic Terpenoid...
		Divinorin A, a Psychotropic Terpenoid, and Divinorin B from the Hallucinogenic Mexican Mint, Salvia divinorum
		Purified, recrystallized divinorin A has activity slightly stronger than the original plant extract, whereas divinorin B was inactive in this bioassay (this does not preclude the possibility of a different psychotropic activity in the latter).
		This mixture shows substantially stronger activity, thus suggesting the presence of a minor component(s) that either synergistically enhances the activity of divinorin A or has strong sedative properties in itself.
	www.salviacenter.com /library/valdes_84.php (2540 words)

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