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Topic: The divided line of Plato

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Plato

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Platonic realism

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Platonic epistemology

Plato

Allegory of the cave

Socratic Dialogue

Goodness and value theory

Gilles Deleuze

Platonism

Idealism

	Plato's Analogy of the Divided Line
		Plato is here contrasting the epistemic and psychological states that accompany and result from two kinds of reasoning, one which occurs in the visible section of the line, the other in the intelligible.
		Plato would thus be committed to the view that the objects of noêsis or epistêmê [ta noêta] are necessarily different from those of dianoia [ta dianoêta]; that both are necessarily different from those of pistis [ta pista]; and that all three are necessarily different from those of eikasia [ta eikasta].
		The ideas that in the divided line analogy Plato is presenting a "scale of reality," that he is contrasting the "intelligible world" and the "sphere of appearances," and that "the line is the vertical course leading to the real world," are common enough.
	www.plosin.com /work/PlatoLine.html (9749 words)

	Plato - Psychology Wiki
		Plato was born in Athens or Aegina in May or December in 428 or 427 BC.
		Although this interpretation of Plato's writings (particularly the Republic) has enjoyed immense popularity throughout the long history of Western philosophy, it is also possible to interpret his suggestions more conservatively, favoring a more epistemological than metaphysical reading of such famous metaphors as the Cave and the Divided Line.
		Plato's thought is often compared with that of his most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the Western Middle Ages so completely eclipsed that of Plato that the Scholastic philosophers referred to Aristotle as "the Philosopher".
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Plato (2977 words)

	Plato...Eduhistory.com
		All the known dialogues of Plato survive, however modern-day standard editions of his oeuvre generally contain dialogues considered by the consensus of scholars to be either suspect (e.g., Alcibiades, Clitophon) or probably spurious (such as Demodocus, or the Second Alcibiades).
		Plato's thought is often compared with that of his best and most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the western Middle Ages so completely eclipsed that of Plato that the Scholastic philosophers referred to Aristotle as "the Philosopher." Contrarily, in the Byzantine Empire the study of Plato continued.
		In fact, Plato's original writings were essentially lost to western civilization until their reintroduction in the twelfth century through the Persian and Arab scholars.
	www.eduhistory.com /plato.html (1374 words)

	PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community
		PLATO originated in the early 1960's at the Urbana campus of the University of Illinois.
		The early PLATO community was concentrated in Illinois and consisted mostly of people in academia: educators turned instructional designers, and students hired as programmers.
		PLATO was an accidental one which emerged spontaneously in an environment that had been created for other purposes.
	www.thinkofit.com /plato/dwplato.htm (5705 words)

	Plato - Wikinfo
		Plato was also deeply influenced by the Pythagoreans, whose notions of numerical harmony have clear echoes in Plato's notion of the Forms (sometimes thus capitalized; see below); by Anaxagoras, who taught Socrates and who held that the mind or reason pervades everything; and by Parmenides, who argued the unity of all things.
		In Plato's writings one finds the heliocentric theory of the universe long before it was advanced by Aristarchus (and revived still later and given a scientific footing by Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler).
		Plato's thought is often compared with that of his best and most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the Middle Ages so completely eclipsed that of Plato that the Scholastic philosophers referred to Aristotle as "the Philosopher."
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Plato (3745 words)

	ipedia.com: Plato Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Plato was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, and founder of the Academy in Athens.
		Plato, a philodorian, it is believed, lectured extensively at the Academy; but he also wrote on many philosophical issues, and his presence survives through his written philosophical/dramatic compositions, preserved in manuscripts recovered and edited in many editions in many countries since the birth of the Humanist movement.
		In fact, Plato's original writings were essentially lost to western civilization until their reintroduction in the twelfth century through the Persian and Arab scholars who not only maintained the original Greek texts of the ancients, but expanded them by writing extensive commentaries and interpretations on Plato's and Aristotle's works (see Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes).
	www.ipedia.com /plato.html (1574 words)

	Plato Biography
		Plato was also deeply influenced by the Pythagoreans, whose notions of numerical harmony have clear echoes in Plato's notion of the Forms (sometimes thus capitalized; see below); by Anaxagoras, who taught Socrates and who held that the mind or reason pervades everything; and by Parmenides, who argued the unity of all things.
		In Plato's writings one finds the heliocentric theory of the universe long before it was advanced by Aristarchus (and revived still later and given a scientific footing by Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler).
		In fact, Plato's original writings were essentially lost to western civilization until their reintroduction in the twelfth century through the agency of Arab scholars who had maintained the original Greek texts of the ancients.
	www.myclassiclyrics.com /artist_biographies/Plato_Biography.htm (1179 words)

	Comprehensive information and links about Plato
		Plato was born in Athens or Aegina in May or December in 428 BC or 427 BC.
		Plato became a pupil of Socrates in his youth, andâ”at least according to his own accountâ”he attended his master's trial, though not his execution.
		Books VI and VII, Plato uses a number of metaphors to explain his metaphysical views: the metaphor of the sun, the well-known allegory of the cave, and most explicitly, the divided line.
	www.quicknation.com /Plato_.htm (2365 words)

	[No title]
		Plato's concern was that society, through the prolixity of images, would entirely divorce itself from the real and from truth, or at least that this divorce from the real would encourage the reign of anarchy.2 In short, Plato's nightmare was the reign of simulacra.
		Plato's cinema is significantly similar in that, though there was no recording of the images, except perhaps in the minds of the audience, the "camera" (which for Plato functions as both camera and projector) remained immobile and the projection was produced by the movement of images in front of the camera's field of "vision."
		Plato, of course, does not portray the telling of the noble lie or myth in terms of stage actors, presumably because he realizes the degree of control that is lost in such an enterprise.
	www.mtsu.edu /~jpurcell/Cinema/plato_film.html (3203 words)

	Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy
		Plato had long been influenced by his friend Socrates and was deeply disturbed by the death of Socrates under the Athenian democracy.
		The Divided Line and the Allegory of the Cave
		While Plato's dialogues represent the 'drama of reason' and seek to instill in the reader an appreciation for philosophical dialectic, many of the most compelling moments come when Plato artistically represents his ideas in the forms of images, metaphors and stories.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/80130/part1/sect1/Plato.html (389 words)

	Plato
		Plato was born in Athens in May or December in 428 or 427 BC.
		Plato's original writings were essentially lost to Western civilization until they were brought from Constantinople in the century before its fall, by George Gemistos Plethon.
		Plato's writings (most of them dialogues) have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Plato (3501 words)

	Plato's Epistemology
		Plato also believes that just as the sun causes things in the sensible world to exist and sustains them, so too does the Good cause the forms to be.
		Plato's Form of the Good, the, is the ultimate principle of reality and truth and is the source of all order, harmony, beauty and intelligibility in the universe.
		Plato means us to proceed from the bottom to the top, from images to higher forms, from the lowest level of reality to the highest.
	www.molloy.edu /sophia/plato/plato_epistemology.htm (1410 words)

	Plato's Divided Line Analogy
		Plato here divides human knowledge into four kinds, using the analogy of a line divided into segments.
		Plato reminds us, though, that these are only words; he is not consistent with his terminology.
		Socrates: Now take a line which has been cut into two unequal parts, and divide each of them again in the same proportion, and suppose the two main divisions to answer, one to the visible and the other to the intelligible, and then compare the subdivisions in respect of their clearness and want of clearness,
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jsuebersax/plato1.htm (1098 words)

	Plato's divided line and its modern day scientific equivalents
		Then take a line cut in two unequal segments, one for the kind that is seen, the other for the kind that is intellected -- and go on and cut each segment in the same ratio.
		This second result is especially curious, for clearly the general sense of the entire discussion of the line requires us to suppose that segment C (representing something belonging to the intelligible) involves a higher degree of clarity than segment B (representing something belonging to the visible).
		The "transition", the overcoming of illusion, which is "education", is to be graphically illustrated with the allegory of the cave, which, as Sallis notes, "unites the sun analogy and the divided line".
	www.geocities.com /theophoretos/dividedline.html (4513 words)

	Ziniewicz on Plato's Republic
		In this sense, Plato's dialogues, including the Republic, are not meant to draw attention to themselves, but, like signs, are meant to point beyond themselves and to point the reader beyond himself to see the invisible structures governing all things.
		According to Plato, the best introduction to philosophical reasoning is mathematics, which trains the mind to consider abstract structures that cannot be duplicated in the concrete world of particular changing things.
		Plato contends that the higher forms are the basis or foundation of all the other forms.
	www.fred.net /tzaka/plato2.html (4410 words)

	Greek Philosophy: Plato, The Allegory of the Cave, The Divided Line
		Greek Philosophy: Plato, The Allegory of the Cave, The Divided Line
		Plato's line is also a hierarchy: the things at the top (first principles) have more truth and more existence; the things at the bottom (the reflections) have almost no truth and barely exist at all.
		Plato, "The Character of Democracy," from The Republic
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/GREECE/ALLEGORY.HTM (1908 words)

	Plato: The Republic 5-10
		Although Plato granted that men and women are different in height, strength, and similar qualities, he noted that these differences are not universal; that is, for example, although it may be true that most men are taller than most women, there are certainly some women who are taller than many men.
		Only those with a philosophical temperament, Plato supposed, are competent to judge between what merely seems to be the case and what really is, between the misleading, transient appearances of sensible objects and the the permanent reality of unchanging, abstract forms.
		Plato supposed that under the usual haphazard methods of childrearing, accidents of birth often restrict the opportunities for personal development, faulty upbringing prevents most people from achieving everything of which they are capable, and the promise of easy fame or wealth distracts some of the most able young people from the rigors of intellectual pursuits.
	www.philosophypages.com /hy/2h.htm (2656 words)

	Plato (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All the known dialogues of Plato survive; some of the dialogues which the Greeks ascribed to him are considered by the consensus of scholars to be either suspect (e.g., First Alcibiades, Clitophon) or probably spurious (such as Demodocus, or the Second Alcibiades).
		Plato's thought is often compared with that of his most famous student, Aristotle, whose reputation during the western Middle Ages so completely eclipsed that of Plato that the Scholastic philosophers referred to Aristotle as "the Philosopher." However, in the Byzantine Empire the study of Plato continued.
		Plato's original writings were essentially lost to western civilization until they were brought from Constantinople in the century before its fall.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/Plato.html (1742 words)

	Plato - ArticleWorld
		Born in Athens in 428 BC (or it may be 427 BC as the matter is disputed), Plato grew up in an aristocratic family.
		Plato’s work on metaphysics states that the world can be categorized into two distinct parts : one is the physical part, or the world of “forms” consisting of all things material; and the other, the intellectual part or perceptual world i.e.
		This theory is famous as ‘The divided line of Plato’.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Plato (471 words)

	Greek Philosophy: Plato
		The Allegory of the Cave and the Divided Line: Far and away the most influential passage in Western philosophy ever written is Plato's discussion of the prisoners of the cave and his abstract presentation of the divided line.
		Plato imagines these two worlds, the sensible world and the intelligible world, as existing on a line that can be divided in the middle: the lower part of the line consists of the visible world and the upper part of the line makes up the intelligible world.
		The upper region can be divided into, on the lower end, "reason," which is knowledge of things like mathematics but which require that some postulates be accepted without question, and "intelligence," which is the knowledge of the highest and most abstract categories of things, an understanding of the ultimate good.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM (1447 words)

	McLuhan Program - Toronto School of Communications - Plato's Banishment of the Poets
		Eric Havelock: Plato and the Transition From Orality to Literacy
		The poets are criticized for producing deceptive images and for not telling their tales in the prescribed patterns (379a; 398b).
		In the middle of the dialogue, images are relegated to the lowest level of the diagram of the divided line.
	www.utoronto.ca /mcluhan/tsc_plato_banish_poets.htm (599 words)

	THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE
		Far and away the most influential passage in Western philosophy ever written is Plato's discussion of the prisoners of the cave and his abstract presentation of the divided line.
		Plato imagines these two worlds, the sensible world and the intelligible world, as existing on a line that can be divided in the middle: the lower part of the line consists of the visible world and the upper part of the line makes up the intelligible world.
		Each half of the line relates to a certain type of knowledge: of the visible world, we can only have opinion (in Greek: doxa); of the intelligible world we achieve "knowledge" (in Greek, epistemŽ).
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/gnl2/cave.htm (456 words)

	Aesthetics @ AIP: Week 1: Plato & Picasso
		Plato is famous for his position on the relation between art social harmony.
		While his criticisms of the poets are mainly directed at various cultural interpretations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, there is a strong indication that Plato did not believe that the arts (as a mode of free expression) are as valuable as the analytic disciplines of mathematics and philosophy.
		Plato suggests that there is a relation between imitation, knowledge and truth.
	www.thinkingshop.com /AIP/aesthetics/plato.htm (613 words)

	Future Results - Handshakes::Club Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Plato believed in the physical world, the world of forms, and the greatest form of all: good.
		No man has the obligation to put his life on the line unless to do so would cause the downfall of the sovereign.
		Hobbes states that "when the defence of the commonwealth, requireth at once the help of all that are able to bear arms, every one is obliged; because otherwise the institution of the commonwealth, which they have not the purpose, or courage to preserve, was in vain" (270).
	www.handshakesdemo.com /clubs/eliminates (552 words)

	Plato Biography from Basic Famous People - Biographies of Celebrities and other Famous People (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Plato was an aristocrat decended from a moderately well-off family.
		Plato was deeply influenced by the Pythagoreans, whose notions of numerical harmony have clear echos in Plato's notion of the Forms (sometimes thus capitalized); see below.
		Plato wrote in a form known as Socratic Dialogue, in which several characters discuss a topic by asking questions of one another.
	www.basicfamouspeople.com /index.php?aid=105 (976 words)

	The Republic:PLATO :0393314677:eCampus.com
		A model for the ideal state includes discussion of the nature and application of justice, the role of the philosopher in society, the goals of education, and the effects of art upon character
		Book VI The Divided Line: A Diagrammatic Rendering and an Explication by the Translators
		Glossary of Names and Places in Plato's The Republic
	www.ecampus.com /book/0393314677 (98 words)

	Hegel and Plato (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Plato describes these levels of Being and Knowing in his image of the Divided Line, shown in Figure 1.
		The Platonic notion of the ascent of the soul through levels of being is the model for the Hegelian concept of the progress of consciousness.
		While Plato conceives of the soul as rising through a timeless series of levels of being, Hegel conceives of consciousness rising through a historical series of levels.
	www.wpunj.edu /cohss/philosophy/courses/hegel/HEGEL1.HTM (228 words)

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