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Topic: Theory of multiple intelligences

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	Human Intelligence: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
		In identifying capabilities to be considered for one of the "multiple intelligences" the construct under consideration had to meet several criteria rather than resting on the results of a narrow psychometric approach.
		To qualify as an "intelligence" the particular capacity under study was considered from multiple perspectives consisting of eight specific criteria drawn from the biological sciences, logical analysis, developmental psychology, experimental psychology, and psychometrics.
		Acknowledging the fact that specific intelligences operate in the context of the environment, Gardner (1999a) argues that it is crucial to specify the capacities that are central to the intelligence under consideration.
	www.indiana.edu /~intell/mitheory.shtml (2791 words)

	Theory of multiple intelligences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is a psychological and educational theory espousing that eight kinds of "intelligence" exist in humans.
		First, opponents argue that the theory may lead to a sort of intellectual relativism, wherein students' failures are explained away as being an example of a different kind of intelligence, not a lesser one.
		As one would expect from a theory that redefines intelligence, one of the major criticisms of the theory is that it is ad hoc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences (3212 words)

	Hoover Institution - Education Next - Reframing the Mind
		Armstrong is far from alone in placing faith in Gardner’s theory of “multiple intelligences.” Gardner’s ideas have been a significant force in education for the past 20 years—significant enough that they bear close study.
		A theory of intelligence must be consistent with these data; the pattern of data is not itself a theory.
		The term intelligence has always connoted the kind of thinking skills that make one successful in school, perhaps because the first intelligence test was devised to predict likely success in school; if it was important in school, it was on the intelligence test.
	www.hoover.org /publications/ednext/3261311.html (3542 words)

	Gardner's Multiple Intelligences - criticisms
		Gardner's approach of describing the nature of each intelligence with terms such as "abilities, sensitivities and skills" indicates that his theory is a matter of semantics and resembles earlier work by factor theorists of intelligence like L.L. Thurstone that a single factor (g) cannot explain the complexity of human intellectual activity.
		Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is not legitimate because there are not specific tests to measure the seven intelligences.
		For example, spatial intelligence might be assessed by asking people to find their way around an unfamiliar terrain, to solve an abstract jigsaw puzzle, and to construct a three-dimensional model of their home.
	www.sq.4mg.com /MIcriticisms.htm (1096 words)

	Multiple Intelligences: Theory and Practice in Adult ESL. ERIC Digest.
		Intelligence has traditionally been defined in terms of intelligence quotient (IQ), which measures a narrow range of verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical abilities.
		Intelligence, according to MI theory, is being able to apply one or more of the intelligences in ways that are valued by a community or culture.
		The objective is not to teach to specific intelligences or to correlate intelligences with specific activities, but rather to allow learners to employ their preferred ways of processing and communicating new information (Coustan and Rocka, 1999).
	www.ericdigests.org /2001-1/multiple.html (1511 words)

	Multiple Intelligences: Gardner's Theory. ERIC Digest.
		Arguing that "reason, intelligence, logic, knowledge are not synonymous...," Howard Gardner (1983) proposed a new view of intelligence that is rapidly being incorporated in school curricula.
		This digest discusses the origins of Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, his definition of intelligence, the incorporation of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences into the classroom, and its role in alternative assessment practices.
		Supporters of Gardner's theory claim that a better approach to assessment is to allow students to explain the material in their own ways using the different intelligences.
	www.ericdigests.org /1998-1/multiple.htm (1454 words)

	Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education
		Here we explore the theory of multiple intelligences; why it has found a ready audience amongst educationalists; and some of the issues around its conceptualization and realization.
		For example, Mindy Kornhaber and her colleagues at the Project SUMIT (Schools Using Multiple Intelligences Theory) have examined the performance of a number of schools and concluded that there have been significant gains in respect of SATs scores, parental participation, and discipline (with the schools themselves attributing this to MI theory).
		New City School: is one of many that have tried to integrate Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences into their practice.
	www.infed.org /thinkers/gardner.htm (4563 words)

	TIP: Theories
		The theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are a number of distinct forms of intelligence that each individual possesses in varying degrees.
		The theory of multiple intelligences shares some common ideas with other theories of individual differences such as Cronbach and Snow, Guilford, and Sternberg.
		Linguistic intelligence is also relevant, at least as long as manual and computer languages make use of ordinary language...an individual with a strong musical bent might best be introduced to programming by attempting to program a simple musical piece (or to master a program that composes).
	tip.psychology.org /gardner.html (488 words)

	Multiple Intelligences (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University.
		The good news is that the theory of multiple intelligences has grabbed the attention of many educators around the country, and hundreds of schools are currently using its philosophy to redesign the way it educates children.
		The theory of multiple intelligences is so intriguing because it expands our horizon of available teaching/learning tools beyond the conventional linguistic and logical methods used in most schools (e.g.
	www.thomasarmstrong.com.cob-web.org:8888 /multiple_intelligences.htm (869 words)

	Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.
		This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically; and language as a means to remember information.
		To the extent that Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory has helped educators to reflect on their practice, and given them a basis to broaden their focus and to attend to what might assist people to live their lives well, then it has to be judged a useful addition.
	www.infed.org.cob-web.org:8888 /thinkers/gardner.htm (4572 words)

	Kids, Parents & Advocates
		That is the basis of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
		In fact, Torff said, you can't measure multiple intelligences because they work in combinations that can't be separated and replicated on a test.
		The biggest advantage of adopting the Theory of Multiple Intelligences in the classroom is that it gives every student a chance to succeed and leads to innovation in teaching.
	www.weac.org /kids/may96/multiple.htm (368 words)

	David Lazear Group \| Multiple Intelligences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Multiple intelligence is helping managers, corporate trainers, and those charged with human resource development create a workplace that is more productive, more creative, and a more human centric – all of which results in greater profitability and stability for the company.
		We all possess multiple intelligences or multiple strengths which we can easily access to help us think, learn, and work smarter in our everyday lives, on the job and at home.
		It includes articles about multiple intelligence and contemporary brain research, reviews of important books, tips for the classroom, and implementation reports "from the field." Subscribers also receive occasional special bulletins and announcements about training events, and other timely classroom tips.
	www.multi-intell.com (343 words)

	Multiple Intelligences: Theory and Practice in the K-12 Classroom
		Describes the teacher's initial explorations of the theory, incorporation of the theory into daily teaching, and the outcomes of the study for both the teacher and her students.
		The theory of multiple intelligences provides a powerful framework for service-learning practitioners to use in implementing both the service and the learning dimensions of their pedagogy.
		The 12-week intervention was comprised of 3 elements: (1) use of the theory of multiple intelligences in instruction; (2) the incorporation of cooperative learning; and (3) the provision of an engaged learning environment.
	www.indiana.edu /~reading/ieo/bibs/multiple.html (5196 words)

	The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
		Intrapersonal intelligence is manifested in students who are more likely to learn when given the opportunity to learn on their own.
		The uses to which children's intelligences are put is the focus, not the assessment of each child's intelligence (Gardner, 1995).
		"By minimizing the importance of other intelligences within and outside of schools, we consign many students who fail to exhibit the "proper" blend to the belief that they are stupid, and we do not take advantage of the ways in which multiple intelligences can be more effective that one built on just two intelligences.
	www.spannj.org /publications/theory_of_multiple_intelligences.htm (1428 words)

	The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
		The Theory of Multiple Intelligences suggests that our culture and school systems that reflect our culture teach, test, reinforce and reward primarily two kinds of intelligence: verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical.
		His theory proposes that there are at least seven other kinds of intelligence that are equally important.
		The theory is being applied throughout the world in homes, schools (at all levels), communities, and adult training programs.
	www.newhorizons.org /strategies/mi/mi.htm (233 words)

	Multiple Intelligences
		The theory of Multiple Intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner,
		The MI theory is based on the belief that we all possess at least eight unique intelligences through which we are able to learn/teach new information.
		These intelligences are located in different areas of the brain and can either work independently or together.
	www.lth3.k12.il.us /rhampton/mi/mi.html (496 words)

	Amazon.com: Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Books: Howard Gardner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Intelligence can evolve to higher levels (this is readily seen in science and mathematics); likewise, intelligence can be lost in different arenas.
		Spatial and bodily-kinesthetic intelligences are sensed by athletes, dancers, and others who use their bodies in ways that exceed normal abilities.
		This is likewise the one intelligence that Gardner concedes he might have the most difficulty with in defining, symbolising, and expressing.
	www.amazon.com /Frames-Mind-Theory-Multiple-Intelligences/dp/0465025102 (2968 words)

	Multiple Intelligences
		Believing that there are many other kinds of intelligence that are important aspects of human capabilities, he proposed that they also include visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences.
		Subsequently, all of NHFL's conferences were designed around the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and Dr. Gardner has continued to write numbers of books expanding on the topic.
		At the present time educators throughout the world are finding effective ways to implement this theory as they seek to help students identify and develop their strengths, and in the process discover new, more effective ways of learning.
	www.newhorizons.org /strategies/mi/front_mi.htm (942 words)

	Multiple Intelligences: Gardner's Theory
		This intelligence is not limited to visual domains-- Gardner notes that spatial intelligence is also formed in blind children.
		Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence-- is the ability to use one's mental abilities to coordinate one's own bodily movements.
		The Personal Intelligences-- includes interpersonal intelligence -- the ability to understand and discern the feelings and intentions of others-- and intrapersonal intelligence --the ability to understand one's own feelings and motivations.
	ericae.net /digests/tm9601.htm (1496 words)

	Key Learning Community - Multiple Intelligences
		Logical-Mathematical Intelligence - this intelligence is found in the confrontation with the world of objects.
		Careers using spatial intelligence are the painter, the map topologist, the sculptor, navigator, architect, engineer, chess player, and the person who bags the groceries at the supermarket.
		Persons using this intelligence are educators, social workers, magicians, directors, and counselors.
	www.616.ips.k12.in.us /Theories/MI/default.aspx (440 words)

	Concept to Classroom: Tapping into multiple intelligences - Explanation
		Howard Gardner claims that all human beings have multiple intelligences.
		These multiple intelligences can be nurtured and strengthened, or ignored and weakened.
		Based on his study of many people from many different walks of life in everyday circumstances and professions, Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/concept2class/mi/index.html (474 words)

	Funderstanding - Multiple Intelligences
		This theory of human intelligence, developed by psychologist Howard Gardner, suggests there are at least seven ways that people have of perceiving and understanding the world.
		Assessment--This theory calls for assessment methods that take into account the diversity of intelligences, as well as self-assessment tools that help students understand their intelligences.
		Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
	www.funderstanding.com /multiple_intelligence.cfm (258 words)

	MI Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NE OF THE MOST COMPELLING, yet controversial new approaches to education reform is Multiple Intelligences Theory, or MI.
		Conceived of by Howard Gardner of the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Harvard Project Zero, MI first swept the worlds of education, cognitive science and developmental psychology in 1983 with the publication of Gardner's treatise,
		What is the the traditional view of intelligence?
	www.edwebproject.org /edref.mi.intro.html (100 words)

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