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Topic: Thymol

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Menthol

	C THYMOL - Online Information article about C THYMOL
		Thymol crystallizes in large colourless plates, which melt at 440 and See also:
		iodine and thymol; it is also known as aristol or annidalin.
		naphthalene, camphor and thymol is sold under the name of thymolin.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /THE_TOO/THYMOL_C.html (451 words)

	King's American Dispensatory, 1898: Thymol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		of thymol be heated in a test-tube, in a water-bath, with 5 Cc.
		Concentrated thymol may be advantageously substituted for nitric acid, or nitrate of silver, in cauterization of the dental nerves; its odor is not so disagreeable as that of carbolic acid.
		The preferable forms, for the internal administration of thymol are either to dissolve it in an alcoholic drink, or to form it into a thick, emulsioned fluid; but, thus far, the employment of this agent has been confined chiefly to its use as a topical application, and to utilize its antiseptic properties.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/kings/thymol.html (2009 words)

	The Effects of Thymol on Paper, Pigments, and Media
		Thymol can also be used as an inhibitor in what otherwise might be an environment conducive to the development and growth of mold, such as in a humidification chamber.
		Exposure to thymol has caused the paper in contact with the ink and/or the ink and/or perhaps residual thymol in contact with the ink to oxidize forming increased discoloration of the paper fibers in close proximity to the ink.
		Whether the thymol, or some derivation thereof, is retained in the paper is moot; a change does occur which is damaging to the object.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byorg/abbey/an/an21/an21-3/an21-308.html (3577 words)

	THYMOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol ist (neben seinem Isomer Carvacrol) ein Bestandteil des ätherischen Öls aus Thymian und anderen Pflanzen (z.B. Oregano).
		Thymol zeichnet sich durch eine starke desinfizierende fungizide und bakterizide Wirkung aus und wird wegen seines angenehmen Geschmacks in Mundwässern, Zahnpasta und in 5 %iger alkoholischer Lösung zur Hautdesinfektion bzw.
		Die kristalline Substanz Thymol wurde 1719 von Caspar Neumann entdeckt und im Jahre 1842 von M. Lallemand rein dargestellt und durch eine Elementaranalyse charakterisiert, welche schon das richtige Verhältnis der Elemente Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff lieferte, die diese Substanz aufbauen.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/T/Thymol (248 words)

	Thymol - Wikipedia
		Thymol (nach IUPAC als 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-phenol bezeichnet) ist neben seinem Isomer Carvacrol ein Bestandteil der ätherischen Öle aus Thymian, Oregano und dem Bohnenkraut.
		Da Thymol ein Phenolderivat ist, zeigt es das typische Verhalten von Phenol.
		Thymol zeichnet sich durch eine starke desinfizierende fungizide und bakterizide Wirkung aus und wird wegen seines angenehmen Geschmacks in Mundwässern, Zahnpasta und in 5-prozentiger alkoholischer Lösung zur Hautdesinfektion bieziehungsweise lokal gegen Hautpilze eingesetzt, wie zum Beispiel als Bestandteil von Vaginalkapseln oder zur Behandlung von Mundhöhlenpilz bei AIDS-Patienten.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thymol (327 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		Thymol is widely used as a general antiseptic and antioxidant compound in the medical practice and industry, and also as a stabilizer to several therapeutic agents, including halothane.
		In the present study, therefore, concentration-dependent effects of thymol (30–600 micro-grams) were studied on calcium and potassium currents in enzymatically isolated rat skeletal muscle fibers using the double vaseline gap voltage clamp technique.
		Thymol suppressed both Ca and K currents in a concentration-dependent manner, the EC values were 193 ± 26 and 93 ± 11 μM, with Hill coefficients of 2.52 ± 0.29 and 1.51 ± 0.18, respectively.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=82436&toc=y (281 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Effect of thymol on kinetic properties of Ca and K currents in rat skeletal muscle
		Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is widely used as a general antiseptic in the medical practice, agriculture, cosmetics and food industry [1-3].
		Thymol is added as a stabilizer to several therapeutic agents, including halothane, and the drug was shown to accumulate in the vaporizer during anesthesia.
		Thymol was reported to suppress Ca and various K currents in mammalian and human cardiac cells [9], but little is known about its effects in mammalian skeletal muscle.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2210/3/9 (3011 words)

	Thymol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol grew up in a small community of elves, his father a half-elf potter and his mother a pure elf, was a master weaver.
		Thymol was always a little different from his fellow elves, stronger than most of them, and with his bright red hair stood out among the light gold of the rest of his village.
		Thymol felt that even though he held true to many of Kelemvors precepts that he could not hold to them all and that continuing to draw on His power was not respectfull of the belief behind the prayers and church.
	www.firedragon.com /shadowgate/players/thymol.htm (502 words)

	Thymol
		The Thymol vapor kills the mites and doesn't harm your bees.
		Thymol should not be used during honey flow.
		Thymol is a relatively safe substance to handle with gloves (datasheet), but is very pungent and therefore best kept out of the house.
	www.members.shaw.ca /orioleln/Thymol.htm (253 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Thyme, Garden - Herb Profile and Information
		The extraction of Thymol is effected by treating the oil with a warm solution of sodium hydroxide: this alkali dissolves the Thymol, and on dilution with hot water the undissolved oil (terpenes, etc.) rises to the surface.
		Thymol is a powerful antiseptic for both internal and external use; it is also employed as a deodorant and local anaesthetic.
		Thymol in oily solution is applied to the respiratory passages by means of a spray in nasal catarrh, and a spirituous solution may be inhaled for laryngitis, bronchial affections and whooping cough.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/t/thygar16.html (3869 words)

	Bio/Chemtek - Thymol
		Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is an aroma chemical used in flavour, fragrance, and personal care products and has antiseptic, anti-parasitic, and fungicidal properties.
		Thymol is also an intermediate in the production of menthol and is the raw material of choice as described in CSIR patented menthol process.
		The CSIR thymol process involves the iso-alkylation of m-cresol with propene The application of the preferred shape selective medium-pore zeolite substantially increases thymol selectivity (to approximately 90% vs. values closer to 60% for the unconstrained synthesis) and allows for stable catalyst operation at high yield.
	www.csir.co.za /plsql/ptl0002/PTL0002_PGE100_LOOSE_CONTENT?LOOSE_PAGE_NO=7253468 (598 words)

	EveryDay Mehndi... Thymol crystals
		Our pure Thymol Crystals are used by beekeepers, and for Art Restoration and preservation of fine books and fine cloth.
		Thymol crystal MSDS (72 K pdf, opens in new window)
		Henna artists are welcomed to use patterns and designs for their own work but must at all times give credit to the original creator of the work.
	www.everydayhenna.com /thymol.html (277 words)

	Apiguard - The natural way to healthy bees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol is a natural constituent found in thyme and some honeys such as linden blossom.
		Thymol's efficacy against varroa is already known, as is its positive influence on the colony's health and hygiene.
		Firstly, the thymol vapor spreads through the colony with the help of fanning from the bees' wings and attacks the varroa mites by inhalation.
	www.beekeeping.com /apiguard/natural_health.htm (226 words)

	beneficial effects of thyme oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In aged rats, the composition of 20:4(n-6) in all tissues was highest in rats fed either thyme oil or thymol.
		The majority of protection provided by thyme oil was by virtue of its thymol component, which comprises 49% of the whole oil.
		Thymol administered alone did not provide significantly higher protection than the whole oil, suggesting that other components within thyme oil are also contributing antioxidant activity.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=12309 (250 words)

	APIS: Thymol
		Thymol is the main component of thyme oil.
		Thymol treatment leads to residues in wax and honey.
		The application of Thymol frame after F. Knobelspiess as permanent treatment can lead to honey residues which exceed the Maximum Residue Limits of 0,8 mg per kg honey allowed in Switzerland.
	www.apis.admin.ch /en/krankheiten/thymol.php (176 words)

	British Pharmaceutical Codex 1911: THYMOL, B.P. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol occurs in the form of large, colourless, transparent, rhombic prisms, having the characteristic, agreeable odour of thyme, and a spicy, burning, aromatic taste; it is not affected by light.
		A method for the determination of thymol is based upon the fact that, in alkaline solution, it combines with iodine, forming a red insoluble compound, and that the excess of iodine can be titrated back by means of standard thiosulphate after the solution has been acidified.
		Thymol in oily solution (1 or 2 per cent.) is applied to the respiratory passages by means of a spray in nasal catarrh.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/bpc1911/thymus_thym.html (1025 words)

	Thymol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cryogenics India Limited Manufactures Thymol and other fine chemicals, such as Menthol, Menthone, Allyl iso-thyocyanate, Cornmint oil, Cryofine, Carvacrl, others.
		Cryogenics India Limited Produces thymol and other fine chemicals, including menthol and other aromatics, and supplies herbs.
		M D S Aromatics Manufacturers and suppliers of aromatic chemicals, thymol crystal, graded menthone, liquid menthol, octanol, ISO menthone, peppermint oil, aromatic hydrocarbons and perfumary chemicals.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Thymol.html (127 words)

	Residues in honey after application of thymol against Varroa using the Frakno Thymol frame
		A tolerance concentration (in Switzerland) of 0.8mg thymol per kg honey has been established because this cannot be tasted by the consumer.
		Here the values of thymol residues in the two honey harvests were clearly lower than in the other apiaries.
		Presumably the removal of the frame during the honey flow can decrease the thymol residues but the success of the treatment might be reduced and be no longer sufficient.
	www.beekeeping.com /articles/us/thymol.htm (1055 words)

	thymol (API LIFE) Pesticide Tolerance Petition Filing 3/01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol is currently used as a flavoring agent in several foods and is a major constituent of thyme which is a commercially grown herb used for seasoning foods.
		Cumulative Exposure Because of the low oral toxicity of thymol and because of the fact that its presence in the diet is, for the most part, as a naturally- occurring food ingredient, no cumulative mode of exposure is expected for thymol and other substance having a common mechanism of action.
		Thymol is applied at low rates and with its proven low toxicity and its history of safe use, it does not pose a safety concern.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/insect-mite/propetamphos-zetacyperm/thymol/thymol_pet_301.html (2093 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Thymol and Eucalyptus Oil; Exemptions from the Requirement of a Tolerance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thymol is corrosive to the rabbit eye and skin, and is not reported as a dermal sensitizer in the guinea pig.
		Thymol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is essentially excreted in the urine as a glucuronate and sulfate conjugate of the parent compound.
		Levels of thymol reported in foods where it is permitted as a direct food additive have been stated as 44 ppm in ice cream, ices, etc.; 2.5 ppm to 11 ppm in non-alcoholic beverages; 9.4 ppm in candy, 5 ppm to 6.5 ppm in baked goods, and 100 ppm in chewing gum.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2003/June/Day-06/p14198.htm (5818 words)

	Thyme, Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		A comparative examination of the antioxidant activity of various synthetic and natural antioxidants added to yolk suggested that thymol, the main antioxidant constituent of thyme, cannot be considered totally responsible for the oxidative resistance of the thyme treated yolk.
		In another set of trials the efficacy of the oils and two of their constituents (carvacrol and thymol) in controlling natural microflora of surface sterilized wheat grain was studied.
		Essential oils were characterized by a high content of gamma terpinene, p cymene, thymol, and carvacrol which varied from 57.3 to 62.5% of the total oil content.
	food.oregonstate.edu /spiceherb/thyme.html (2092 words)

	Frakno Frame for Thymol Crystal Evaporation
		The female cannot mate within the cell of the bee and once it emerges with the young bee, it falls from the comb and dies and cannot, therefore infest another cell.
		Thymol is an anti-fungicide and as such is particularly useful in controlling chalkbrood.
		Caution: Thymol is a powerful disinfectant and causes burns, is harmful if swallowed, avoid contact with the skin and eyes, use gloves and goggles, and after contact with the skin wash immediately with plenty of water.
	website.lineone.net /~dave.cushman/fraknoframe.html (379 words)

	Altered Elementary Calcium Release Events and Enhanced Calcium Release by Thymol in Rat Skeletal Muscle -- Szentesi et ...
		Calcium release from the SR was calculated from the transients presented in Fig.
		The effect of thymol on calcium release is presented in Fig.
		Increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the presence of thymol in mammalian skeletal muscle fibers.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/86/3/1436 (9039 words)

	Stratford-upon-Avon & District Beekeepers' Association: Varroa Treatment with Thymol and Oxalic Acid
		The strategy appears to be successful so far and the thymol appears to have also reduced chalkbrood disease to an insignificant level [the chalkbrood levels have risen again since writing this, possibly due to the appalling autumn, winter and spring - PE 24/6/2001].
		Thymol crystals are placed in an old honey jar lid placed on the queen excluder directly over the brood; supers will - just - fit over the lid to allow the colony space.
		I am still applying thymol in March/April for four weeks before the spring flow and also for the four weeks immediately after the main flow, putting on the thymol as I remove the crop.
	www.stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk /PENotes/VarroaTreatment.htm (809 words)

	BeeSource.com \| POV \| Rodriguez \| FOOD GRADE MINERAL OIL-THYMOL WIDEN ALTERNATIVES FOR HONEY BEE PARASITE CONTROL
		Although a new substance is being introduced (thymol), it is fair to assure those who have been having success with FGMO that it continues to be as effective and the form of application remains as previously explained.
		Adding thymol to the FGMO formula in doses not toxic to honey bees is intended to simultaneously assay the effect of thymol, if any, on the properties of FGMO and its potential for treatment of parasitic mites and Small Hive Beetles.
		The concentration of thymol in the FGMO formula is a mere 3.49 per cent, a strength well tolerated by the bee population as demonstrated by perfectly uniform brood frames and rapid colony growth.
	www.beesource.com /pov/rodriguez/abjsept2003.htm (1839 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Abstract of article: Effects of thymol on calcium and potassium currents in canine ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Effects of thymol on calcium and potassium currents in canine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes
		Qualitatively similar results were obtained with thymol in ventricular myocytes isolated from healthy human hearts.
		In conclusion, thymol suppressed cardiac ionic channels in a concentration-dependent manner, however, both drug-sensitivities as well as the mechanism of action seems to be different when blocking calcium and potassium channels.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v136/n2/abs/0704718a.html (363 words)

	thymol NYS DEC Letter - Specific Exemption Request for Use in Bee Hives to Suppress the Varroa Mite in 2005 12/04
		This is the second year that we are requesting thymol (Api-Life VAR) for emergency use to suppress the varroa mite in bee hives in all counties of New York State.
		Thymol, in a blend with other plant extracts, was highly effective in controlling Varroa (Appendix C).
		Effective control of Varroa mites may be achieved by two treatments of one tablet each, broken into two or three pieces and placed on the top corners of the hive body.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/insect-mite/propetamphos-zetacyperm/thymol/thymol_let_1204.html (759 words)

	Industrial collaboration adds to thymol
		A cleaner way to make thymol, a perfume, disinfectant and medicinal molecule, has been developed by chemists in the UK and Switzerland.
		Thymol is also used as an intermediate in menthol manufacture.
		A continuous synthetic process in supercritical carbon dioxide was devised by Martyn Poliakoff and colleagues at the University of Nottingham in conjunction with Thomas Swan and Co. and Swiss company Schenectady Pratteln.
	www.rsc.org /chemistryworld/Issues/2005/May/industrial_thymol.asp (215 words)

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