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Topic: Treaty of Tientsin

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	Tientsin - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is a prefectural city, and has, since the conclusion of the foreign treaties, become the residence of the viceroy of the province during a great portion of the year.
		The coal exported is brought from the Kaiping colliery to the east of Tientsin; its output in 1885 was 181,039 tons and in 1904 28,956 tons.
		In 1853 Tientsin was besieged by an army of T'aip'ing rebels, which had been detached from the main force at Nanking for the capture of Peking.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tientsin (787 words)

	The Treaty of Tientsin presented in History section
		Tientsin, the largest commercial city in Chih-li, the metropolitan province of China, is situated at the junction of the Peiho and the Hun-ho, which is connected by the grand Canal with the Yangtsze-kiang.
		It is a prefectural city, and has, since the conclusion of the foreign treaties, become the residence of the viceroy of fee province during a great portion of the year.
		It is unnecessary here to give the full terms of the Treaty of Tientsin, but one of the provisions of the Treaty, that of legalizing the opium trade, calls for some remarks as it had much to do with the commercial life of Shanghai.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/the_treaty_of_tientsin (1112 words)

	Treaty Ports and Extraterritorality in China - 1921-22
		Treaty areas provided a semi-safe haven beyond the easy reach of central government authorities for revolutionary elements during the Qing Era and later to other dissidents as well as criminals.
		Tientsin was unique in that there were eight active concessions between the Boxer Rebellion and China's entry into World War I in April of 1917.
		This treaty was between the Kingdom of Gurkha and the Kingdom of Thibet.
	www.geocities.com /treatyport01/TREATY01.html (3024 words)

	Opium Wars - MSN Encarta
		The British won a quick victory and the conflict was ended by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) on August 29, 1842.
		By this treaty, and a supplementary one signed on October 8, 1843, China was forced to pay a large indemnity, open five ports to British trade and residence, and cede Hong Kong to Great Britain.
		The treaty opened additional trading ports, allowed foreign emissaries to reside in Beijing, admitted Christian missionaries into China, and opened travel to the Chinese interior.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553669/Opium_Wars.html (269 words)

	Treaty of Tientsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaties of Tientsin (Traditional Chinese: 天津條約 Simplified Chinese: 天津条约, Pinyin: Tiānjīn Tiáoyuē) were signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860).
		These treaties opened eleven more Chinese ports (see Treaty of Nanjing) to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium.
		They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Beijing Convention in 1860, after the end of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Tientsin (293 words)

	Old Tientsin - Modern Tianjin
		The treaties of 1858 and 1860 ending hostilities opened Tientsin and several other cities to foreign presence and allowed diplomats to reside in the capital.
		By treaty imports were taxed by at only 5% of their assessed value and collected by a foreign administered customs service.
		Treaty Port is a generic term used to denote Chinese cities open to foreign residence and trade.
	www.geocities.com /treatyport02/tientsin01.html (2458 words)

	Anglo-Chinese relations (1858)
		The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the two nations, signed at Nanking on the 29th day of August, in the year 1842, is hereby renewed and confirmed.
		The Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade having been amended and improved, and the substance of their provisions having been incorporated in this Treaty, the said Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade are hereby abrogated.
		Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty at about the rate of 5 per cent.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob28.html (3112 words)

	Second Opium War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		France and the USA demanded revisions in the Treaty of and Wangxia Treaty in an effort to their privileges in China.
		In June 1858 the first part of the war with the Treaty of Tientsin to which France Russia and the States were party.
		The June 1858 Treaty of Tientsin was ratified by the emperor Xianfeng in the Convention of Peking on October 18 1860.
	www.freeglossary.com /Second_Opium_War (1000 words)

	China Text: Chapter XXI - The Regency
		After the signature of the convention in Pekin, ratifying the Treaty of Tientsin, he refused to return to his capital; and he even seems to have hoped that he might, by asserting his imperial prerogative, transfer the capital from Pekin to Jehol, and thus evade one of the principal concessions to the foreigners.
		It may perhaps be surmised that this was the Tientsin massacre--an event which threatened to re-open the whole of the China question, and which brought France and China to the verge of war.
		But at Tientsin specific charges of the most horrible and, it need not be said, the most baseless character were spread about as to the cruelties and evil practices of those devoted to the service of religion.
	www.enotes.com /china-text/72523 (12903 words)

	Foreign Imperial Ports in China quiz -- free game
		This port near Hangzhou was one of the treaty ports China had to open as an international treaty port in 1842.
		It is also one of the treaty ports mentioned inthe Treaty of Nanking (1842).
		It was opened to foreign trade in 1858 by the Treaty of Tientsin but not actually used until 1876.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=164380 (446 words)

	U.S. Chinese relations--Treaty of Tientsin (1858)
		Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of China.
		and any other port or place hereafter by treaty with other powers or with the United States opened to commerce, and to reside with their families and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise from any of these ports to any other of them.
		At each of the ports open to commerce citizens of the United States shall be permitted to import from abroad, and sell, purchase and export all merchandise of which the importation or exportation is not prohibited by the laws of the empire.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob27.html (1721 words)

	China and the West
		According to Banno’s main argument, it was not the Treaty of Tientsin that made an institutional change in the Chinese conduct of foreign affairs, but the establishment of the Tsungli Yamen that ended the traditional principle of inequality between the Chinese empire and all other states under the tribute system.
		Banno regards the Arrow War as an expression of dissatisfaction by Westerners with lack of changes in the Chinese legal system and tributary mind-set even after the Treaty of Tientsin and during the process of negotiation.
		The presence of foreign troops in Tientsin and Taku also served as “a pillar of support to Prince Kung against his political opponents” (241).
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/bannoreview.htm (527 words)

	Free Essay The Opium War in China
		The Chinese lost the Opium War and were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking on April 29, 1842, and the Treaty of the Bogue on October 1, 1843.
		These treaties demanded that China pay twenty-one million dollars for the opium that had been destroyed, the war costs, and as payment for debts that were owed to British merchants.
		Although the treaty said that the Chinese had to let foreigners into the five ports, some of the people of China objected to their towns being taken over.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=31049 (860 words)

	timeline
		Treaty of Nanking -- Chinese authorities enter the unequal Nanking treaty which cedes Hong Kong Island to Britain in perpetuity.
		Treaty of Tientsin legalises Opium sales in China (Treaty of Tientsin created after Second Opium War prompted by continued British annoyance at China's resistance to foreign presence.
		The Treaty of Tientsin granted Kowloon peninsula and Stone Cutters Island to Britain in perpetuity.)
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~cngai/timeline.htm (480 words)

	Karl Marx in New York Daily Tribune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		THE OFFICIAL summary of the Anglo-Chinese treaty, which the British Ministry has at last laid before the public, adds, on the whole, but little to the information that had already been conveyed through different other channels.
		Whatever may be the intentions of the present Chinese Government, the very circumstances in which it finds itself placed by the treaty of Tientsin, show all that way.
		The commercial articles of the Treaty give England no advantage not to be enjoyed by her rivals, and, for the present, dissolve into shadowy promises, for the greater part not worth the parchment they are written on.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1858/10/15.htm (1148 words)

	[No title]
		In 1860, the Earl of Elgin was sent by the British Government with 15,000 men and 200 ships to enforce the treaty of Tientsin (1858) between Britain and China.
		This treaty had been agreed as an end to the so-called Opium Wars between the two countries.
		However, the Chinese Emperor refused to ratify the treaty and Elgin’s mission was designed to confirm this ratification by force.
	www.scotland4me.net /page13.html (392 words)

	Chronology of The Boxer Uprising and its Consequences
		Treaty of Nanking ends the Opium War and opens up five Chinese ports for Western trade.
		Treaty of Tientsin — opens up China further to Western trade.
		June 21 - Tientsin Massacre of French missionaries by Chinese, accused a French Catholic orphanage of kidnapping children.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/History/Projects/Boxers/chrono.htm (465 words)

	Treaty of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Treaty of Nanking (Chinese: 南京條約, Nánjīng Tiáoyuē) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China.
		It is the first of the Unequal Treaties signed by China with a foreign power.
		The equivalent American treaty forbade the opium trade, but, as both the British and American merchants were only subject to the legal control of their consuls, the trade continued.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking (251 words)

	Asian Pacific Americans and Immigration Law
		Treaty of Kanagawa or Peace, Amnesty and Commerce-first Sino-American treaty; established formal relations with China; gave the United States unilateral rights
		Yedo Treaty-Treaty of Commerce and Navigation ; Treaty of Tientsin-Chinese government agreed to prohibit permanent emigration; reversed in 1959
		Treaty of Chemulpo (Treaty of Amity and Commerce) started diplomatic relations between United States and Korea, which allowed Korean immigration to United States
	academic.udayton.edu /race/02rights/immigr05.htm (1555 words)

	China Philatelic Society of London website
		One of the more important Clauses of this treaty was the agreement that five of China's ports, namely Amoy, Canton, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai, would be opened to foreigners for trading purposes.
		In this context, it must be remembered that in 1854 the number of expatriate families living in Shanghai was still quite small, for it was only in that year that the total number of families finally reached 100.
		Due to the typical tardiness of the Chinese in implementing the Treaty of Tientsin, a combined force of British and French Troops returned to China in 1860 to fight the so-called "Third Opium War".
	www.cpsl.org.uk /articles/expat.html (3322 words)

	The Maritime Heritage Project Ports: Europe
		With the discovery of gold in California in 1849, however, Hong Kong became a center for Chinese emigration from Guangdong Province to the United States, helping to build Hong Kong's economy, as many of the Chinese who went to California returned with their new-found riches.
		In 1850 when a new emperor assumed the throne in Beijing, and it became clear the treaties were not being observed.
		By 1858, with the Treaty of Tientsin, which legalized opium sales in China, the drug was also taxed by the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
	www.maritimeheritage.org /ports/pacific/china.html (1068 words)

	In the so-called "concessions" of the treaty ports Tientsin and Shanghai, foreigners live off the fat of the ...
		In the so-called "concessions" of the treaty ports Tientsin and Shanghai, foreigners live off the fat of the land.
		And all quite above board, their garrisons and police are there in force to protect their special status.
		To third generation settlers this world of privilege is the only world they know, so all the greater the shock when the unequal treaties are abrogated and they find themselves outsiders, held as contemptible as their grandparents against whom the Boxers rose in such bloody revolt.
	www.weihsien-paintings.org /books/ForeignDevil/theBook.htm (192 words)

	Opium Use (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The war ended with the treaty of Nanking, which ceded China to Britain.
		The second opium war between 1856 and 1858 ended with the treaty of Tientsin (2).
		These two wars were prime examples of commercial imperialism, not only through the opening of treaty ports but through British control of Chinese customs which the 1842 treaty established, and continuing opium trade without restraint (3).
	www.gober.net /victorian/reports/opium.html (2298 words)

	Amazon.com: "Treaty of Tientsin": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While the Treaty of Tientsin provided for the conclusion of a peace that promised to be enduring, and arranged for the future diplomatic relations of...
		With a "knife" at their throats, Kuei-liang and Hua-sha-na concluded the Treaty of Tientsin with Britain that day, and with France a day later.
		The Treaties of Tientsin with Russia and the United States...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Treaty-of-Tientsin (537 words)

	Amazon.com: "Tientsin Treaty": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When the ratifications of the Tientsin Treaty were exchanged in 1860, the Transit system stood thus : (outward) Foreign merchants were au- thorised to go inland, purchase...
		Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy by Michael R. Auslin
		As Katb Yz argues, one cannot underestimate the crucial fact that the Treaty of Nanjing (and later the 1858 Tianjin [Tientsin[ Treaty)...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Tientsin-Treaty (528 words)

	Cornell University, Cornell University Library, Tianjin Project, Listing of Exhibit Items
		Correspondence...respecting the revision of the treaty of Tien-tsin [signed 1858] : presented to the House of Lords by command of Her Majesty, in pursuance of their address dated March 24, 1871
		Synagogue at Tientsin 1948, Celebration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, #28
		Herbert Hoover in Tientsin - 5 photographs, incl 4 of house and 1 portrait
	wason.library.cornell.edu /Tianjin/items.html (811 words)

	Articles on China in New York Daily Tribune by Karl Marx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first European-Chinese conflict (The Opium War) began in 1839 and ended with the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.
		It is estimated maybe 14 million people died in 1849, and another 20 million between 1854 and 1860.
		It began over the "mistreatment" of a British flag on a Chinese junk, or a "lorcha." It officially ended with the 1858 Treaty of Tientsin.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1853/china (380 words)

	Treaty of Tientsin (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Treaty of Tientsin - Google News (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu)
		Prior to this, hostilities were abated by the signing of what came to be called the Tientsin Treaty, or more aptly the Li-Inoure treatry, named for the two...
		The Treaties of Tientsin was signed in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860).
	publicliterature.org.cob-web.org:8888 /en/wikipedia/t/tr/treaty_of_tientsin.html (144 words)

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