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Topic: Tricyclic antidepressant

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Desipramine

Antidepressant

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Amoxapine

Venlafaxine

Psychiatric medication

Serotonin

Clinical depression

Paroxetine

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

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		The therapeutic effects of antidepressants are believed to be related to an effect on neurotransmitters, particularly by inhibiting the monoamine transporter proteins of serotonin and norepinephrine.
		Lofepramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is structurally similar to imipramine and is extensively metabolised to desipramine.
		Tricyclic antidepressants are effective in treating depression but have side effects that may be detrimental or even harmful, especially for a person with dementia.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/antidepressants--tricyclic-antidepressants.html?page=2 (697 words)

	Tricyclic antidepressant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tricyclic antidepressants are a class of antidepressant drugs first used in the 1950s.
		These newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer side effects and are also thought to be less effective if used in a suicide attempt, as the treatment and lethal doses (see therapeutic index) are farther apart than with the tricyclic antidepressants.
		Tricyclic antidepressants: {Amitriptyline} {Clomipramine} {Desipramine} {Dothiepin} {Doxepin} {Imipramine} {Lofepramine} {Nortriptyline} {Protriptyline} {Trimipramine} {Iprindole} {Opipramol}
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant (747 words)

	Parkinsn's List Drug DataBase amitryptyline / Elavil, Endep
		Tricyclic antidepressants are highly protein-bound (predominantly to ›A-acid glycoprotein) in plasma and tissues.
		Tricyclic antidepressants should be used with caution in patients with a history of alcoholism or who may use alcohol or other sedative medications because the depressant effects on the CNS can be potentiated.
		Tricyclic antidepressants affect blood glucose concentrations because of their effect on the endocrine system, so they should be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus.
	www.parkinsons-information-exchange-network-online.com /drugdb/008.html (3403 words)

	American Psychiatric Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heterocyclic antidepressant medications, including tricyclics and tetracyclics, have been found to be statistically significantly superior to placebo in approximately 75% of studies (91); several reviews suggest that approximately 50%-75% of patients with major depressive disorder treated with heterocyclic antidepressant medications respond compared to 25%-33% treated with placebo (92-95).
		Tricyclic antidepressants may also provoke arrhythmias in patients with subclinical sinus node dysfunction; for example, in patients with tachyarrhythmias, treatment with tricyclic antidepressants may on occasion provoke bradyarrhythmias (65).
		Tricyclic antidepressants can also alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of other medications; for example, tricyclic antidepressants can cause a lowering of valproate levels and reduce the activity of clonidine.
	www.psych.org /psych_pract/treatg/pg/Depression2e.book-12.cfm (9711 words)

	Anti-dep. quiz 2 with answers
		Tricyclic antidepressants (with the exception of doxepin in doses <150 mg/day) block the uptake of guanadrel, guanethidine, and methyldopa into norepinephrine neurons, preventing the expected antihypertensive effects.
		Tricyclic antidepressants should be used with caution in patients (especially children and elderly) with cardiac disease because of the alterations in ECG patterns.
		Tricyclic antidepressants should not be given to patients who are in the acute recovery phase following myocardial infarction; sudden death is possible.
	www.rockford.uic.edu /jc/depqa2.htm (2919 words)

	Tricyclic Antidepressant : Side effects of Tricyclic Antidepressant.
		Tricyclic antidepressants commonly known as TCA have been prescribed since mid of 20th century for depression.
		Though the tricyclics are as effective in treating depression as the newer antidepressants, their side effects are usually more unpleasant; thus, today tricyclics such as imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and desipramine are used as a second- or third-line treatment.
		Tricyclic Antidepressant - Tricyclic antidepressants were the first line of treatment for major depression.
	www.depression-guide.com /tricyclic-antidepressant.htm (527 words)

	Inhouse Drugstore (UK) tricyclic antidepressant - Amitriptyline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The antidepressant activity may be evident within 3 or 4 days or may take up to 30 days to develop adequately.
		Because of the wide variation in the absorption and distribution of tricyclic antidepressants in body fluids, it is difficult to directly correlate plasma levels and therapeutic effect.
		Tricyclic antidepressant medicines, including Amitriptyline, particularly when given in high doses, have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, and prolongation of the conduction time.
	www.inhousedrugstore.co.uk /anti-depressants/amitriptyline-information.html?PHPSESSID=a5964d51 (2524 words)

	TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT OVERDOSE
		Tricyclic antidepressants are, as the name states, a class of drugs used in the treatment of depression.
		Tricyclic antidepressants can also be used in the treatment of migraine headache and neuropathic pain (pain originating from compression of nerves or from direct nerve involvement, e.g., diabetic neuropathy).
		Tricyclic antidepressant overdose can be cured, but it can also be fatal if life-threatening symptoms occur before the patient arrives in the emergency room.
	www.apma-nc.com /PatientEducation/tricyclic_antidepressant_overdos.htm (699 words)

	Amitriptyline hydrochloride (UK PID)
		Interactions Pharmacodynamic a) A potentially hazardous interaction may occur between a tricyclic antidepressant and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (including moclobemide and selegiline) resulting in increased amounts of noradrenaline and serotonin at the synapse.
		Ingestions of tricyclic antidepressants in children indicate that doses of 15 mg/kg may prove fatal to a child, although recovery has followed reported ingestions of over 100 mg/kg.
		Mechanism of action/toxicity Mechanism of action The precise mechanism of antidepressant action is unclear, but results from the potent inhibition of noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake into presynaptic neurones, and adaptive changes in receptor sensitivity (Richelson 1994).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/pharm/amitplne/ukpid18.htm (4930 words)

	Tricyclic antidepressant Summary
		These newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer side effects and are also thought to be less effective if used in a suicide attempt, as the treatment and lethal doses (see therapeutic index) are farther apart than with the tricyclic antidepressants.
		Ingestion of tricyclic antidepressants is a serious problem in the pediatric population because of the availability of these in the home when prescribed for bed wetting and depression.
		The first tricyclic antidepressant discovered was imipramine, which was discovered accidentally in a search for a new antipsychotic in the late 1950s.
	www.bookrags.com /Tricyclic_antidepressant (1513 words)

	Dothiepin (UK PID)
		Two other tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, doxepin) are known to interact with ethanol resulting in an increased impairment of psychomotor skills, whilst a number of other tricyclics appear to interact with ethanol only minimally (Stockley 1996).
		Mechanism of action The precise mechanism of antidepressant action is unclear, but results from the inhibition of noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake into presynaptic neurones, and adaptive changes in receptor sensitivity.
		The plasma protein binding of tricyclic antidepressants is pH sensitive with a small reduction in plasma pH being associated with large increases in unbound (pharmacolgically active) drug (Nyberg & Martensson 1984).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/pharm/dothiepn/ukpid22.htm (4501 words)

	Anxiety Zone - Tricyclic antidepressant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Most tricylic antidepressants work by inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells.
		These newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer side effects and are also thought to be less effective if used in a suicide attempt, as the treatment and lethal doses are much further apart than with the tricyclic antidepressants.
		The side effects of tricyclic antidepressant may include drowsiness, anxiety, restlessness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention or difficulty with urination, cognitive and memory difficulties, weight gain, sweating, dizziness, decrease in sexual ability and desire, muscle twitches, weakness, nausea, increased heart rate and irregular heart rhythms (rare).
	www.anxietyzone.com /glossary/tricyclic_antidepressant.html (315 words)

	Antidepressant drugs
		Antidepressant drugs may be prescribed as a first-line treatment for depression, or in conjunction with other methods of controlling depression, such as behavioral therapy and exercise.
		Tricyclic antidepressants are in pregnancy categories C or D, although there have been no formal studies of the drugs on fetal development.
		Tricyclic compounds should not be taken with the gastric acid inhibitor cimetidine (Tagamet), since this increases the blood levels of the tricyclic compound.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/antidepressant_drugs.jsp (1692 words)

	Tricyclic Antidepressant Information - Effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants - Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants
		Some tricyclic antidepressants are also used to treat bulimia, cocaine withdrawal, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, certain types of chronic pain, and bed-wetting in children.
		Tricyclic antidepressants are available only with a physician's prescription and are sold in tablet, capsule, liquid, and injectable forms.
		Because tricyclic antidepressants work on the central nervous system, they may add to the effects of alcohol and other drugs that cause drowsiness, such as antihistamines, cold medicine, allergy medicine, sleep aids, medicine for seizures, tranquilizers, some pain relievers, and muscle relaxants.
	www.homedrugtestingkit.com /tca.html (1395 words)

	Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain
		Tricyclic antidepressants are used to help improve coping skills and pain tolerance and to restore normal sleep patterns in women with chronic pelvic pain.
		When using tricyclic antidepressants for chronic pelvic pain (with no diagnosable cause), some women report that their pain is less intense and doesn't last as long.
		Using an antidepressant medication to treat chronic pelvic pain does not mean that the condition is "all in your head." The dose of a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat chronic pelvic pain is usually much less than that needed to treat depression.
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Tricyclic-antidepressants-TCAs-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-pelvic-pain (590 words)

	Amitriptyline
		Tricyclic antidepressants are highly protein-bound (predominantly to alpha1-acid glycoprotein) in plasma and tissues.
		Plasma concentrations of the tricyclic antidepressant are reduced and may require an increased dosage to achieve equivalent therapeutic effects.
		The tricyclic antidepressant should inhibit the uptake of tyramine from food in the GI tract; subsequent addition of a MAOI should not lead to high levels of tyramine.
	www.migraines.org /treatment/amitrip.htm (3705 words)

	Amitriptyline (Elavil) Antidepressant Medication - Detailed Information
		Tricyclic antidepressant drugs, including amitriptyline, particularly when given in high doses, have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, and prolongation of the conduction time.
		Increases in plasma levels of tricyclic antidepressants, and in the frequency and severity of side effects, particularly anticholinergic, have been reported when cimetidine was added to the drug regimen.
		The intravenous administration of 1-3 mg of physostigmine salicylate is reported to reverse the symptoms of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.
	www.realmentalhealth.com /medications/amitriptyline.asp (2179 words)

	NeLMH: Antidepressant medication - Tricyclic antidepressants
		Tricyclic antidepressants are named after their 3-ringed chemical structure.
		Tricyclics may cause erectile impotence or retrograde ejaculation in men (i.e., the ejaculate is directed into the body rather than out of the penis) and lack of orgasm in women.
		Antidepressants may precipitate a manic swing in individuals with bipolar disorder if they are not taking a mood stabilising drug such as lithium.
	www.nelmh.org /page_view.asp?c=20&fc=005002003&did=2312 (1224 words)

	Coalition for Pulmonary Fibrosis
		According to the lead researcher of the new study, people with this lung disease who are taking tricyclic antidepressants, particularly imipramine, should ask their doctor about switching to another antidepressant drug.
		Tricyclic antidepressants are one of four categories of antidepressant drugs.
		Tricyclic antidepressants alter the balance in the brain of the neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) norepinephrine and serotonin.
	www.coalitionforpf.org /AboutUs/pressroom/pr011404.asp (589 words)

	Tricyclic Antidepressant - The Body
		Tricyclic antidepressants are usually taken over long periods.
		For treatment of depression, there are many options, including other tricyclic antidepressants (desipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, amoxapine, maprotiline, imipramine, trimipramine, doxepin), MAO inhibitors (tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline), and stimulants such as methylphenidate.
		Desipramine is often the first choice among tricyclic antidepressants because it is effective and has relatively few side effects in most people.
	www.thebody.com /pinf/tricyc.html (885 words)

	Antidepressants, Tricyclic (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tricyclic antidepressants are used to relieve mental depression.
		Tricyclic antidepressants may be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
		Tricyclic antidepressants may cause your skin to be more sensitive to sunlight than it is normally.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202055 (3291 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Tricyclic Antidepressant : Article Excerpt by: Samara Soghoian, MD
		Background: Cyclic antidepressants (CAs) have been used in the treatment of major depression since the late 1950s.
		Originally termed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), they are now more accurately called cyclic antidepressants because some newer members of this class have a 4-ring structure.
		However, the profound hypotension seen in serious CA poisoning is primarily due to vasodilatation from direct alpha-adrenergic blockade.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/toxicity-tricyclic-antidepressant.htm (592 words)

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