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Topic: Tsunami warning system

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Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

International Early Warning Programme

Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System

Tsunami

Aleutian Island earthquake

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

Seismic

Good Friday Earthquake

Simeulue

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Great Chilean Earthquake

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	Tsunami warning system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tsunami warning system is a system to detect tsunamis and issue warnings to prevent loss of life.
		International tsunami prediction for the Pacific Ocean and early warning is over-seen by the U.S. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) operated by NOAA in Ewa Beach, Hawaii.
		All tsunami warning systems feature multiple lines of communications (such as e-mail, fax, radio and telex, often using hardened dedicated systems) enabling emergency messages to be sent to the emergency services and armed forces, as well to population alerting systems (eg sirens).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tsunami_warning_system (855 words)

	The Tsunami Warning System
		The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Ewa Beach, Hawaii, serves as the regional Tsunami Warning Center for Hawaii and as a national/international warning center for tsunamis that pose a Pacific-wide threat.
		Tsunami watch, warning, and information bulletins are disseminated to appropriate emergency officials and the general public by a variety of communication methods.
		Tsunami watch, warning and information bulletins issued by PTWC and ATWC are disseminated to local, state, national and international users as well as the media.
	www.geophys.washington.edu /tsunami/general/warning/warning.html (606 words)

	The IOC and tsunamis
		The phenomenon called 'tsunami' is a system (or series) of ocean gravity waves formed as a result of a large-scale disturbance of the sea that occurs in a relatively short duration of time.
		Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes or by: volcanic eruptions next to or underneath the ocean, displacements of submarine sediments, coastal landslides that enter the sea, or large-scale explosions in the ocean caused by man-made detonations or meteor impacts.
		This system was established in 1965 to provide, on an international basis, timely tsunami warnings, alerting the system's participants as to the approach of a potentially destructive tsunami wave and informing them of the time of the wave's arrival at various locations.
	www.oceansatlas.com /unatlas/issues/emergencies/tsunamis/tsunami.htm (567 words)

	Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a United Nations conference held in January 2005 in Kobe, Japan, it was decided that, as an initial step towards an International Early Warning Programme, the UN should establish an Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System.
		The only way to effectively mitigate the impact of a tsunami is through an early warning system.
		Other methods such as tsunami walls only work for a percentage of waves, but a warning system is effective for all waves originating outside a minimum distance from the coastline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Ocean_Tsunami_Warning_System (207 words)

	The Why Files \| Warning of Tsunamis
		The death toll of the Dec. 26 Indian Ocean tsunami is nearing 150,000, and aid is finally starting to reach millions of traumatized victims along the shores of hard-hit Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India.
		Tsunamis -- giant waves triggered by earthquakes and volcanoes -- can't be prevented and they can't be predicted.
		He said detecting tsunamis and issuing the warning was the easy part: It's much harder to alert people in vulnerable shorelines in the minutes or hours before a tsunami strikes.
	whyfiles.org /shorties/168tsunami_warn (899 words)

	Tsunami - Frequently Asked Questions About Tsunami and the International Tsunami Warning System - By Dr.George ...
		Tsunami run-up is the vertical distance between the maximum height reached by the water on shore and the mean sea level surface.
		The System utilizes numerous seismic and tidal stations and satellite communications throughout the Pacific Ocean and disseminates, on a real-time basis, tsunami watches and warnings to all the countries and territories of the entire Pacific Basin.
		Tsunami watches and warnings are disseminated by PTWC to over 100 dissemination points scattered throughout the Pacific Basin under the varying control of the member states with general guidance from IOC, and the ICG/ITSU.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /TsunamiFAQ.html (4507 words)

	Pacific Disaster Center Tsunami Warning System
		Although tsunami warnings were issued for Japan, Russia, Guam, and other neighboring Pacific islands, luckily, only a single series of the damaging waves were recorded and warnings subsided without additional disruption.
		Tsunamis are a concern because more people have died from tsunamis in Hawaii than from any other natural disaster including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions.
		Such an alert system is crucial because from the time a tsunami develops, to the time it reaches Hawaii's shores, ranges from as little as a few minutes to more than 12 hours, depending on whether it is an offshore landslide or an earthquake across the Pacific, such as the recent one in Japan.
	www.pdc.org /PDCNewsWebArticles/2003Tsunami (543 words)

	Pacific Tsunami Warning Center - About PTWC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tsunami Warning/Watch Bulletins are issued to the dissemination agencies for earthquakes of magnitude greater than 7.5 (greater than 7.0 in the Aleutian Island region), alerting them to the possibility that a tsunami has been generated and providing data that can be relayed to the public so that necessary preliminary precautions can be taken.
		Tsunami Information Bulletin - A message issued to advise participants of the occurrence of a major earthquake in the Pacific or near-Pacific area, with the evaluation that either (a) A Pacific-wide tsunami was not generated based on earthquake and historical tsunami data.
		Tsunami Communication Test messages are sent at unannounced time on a monthly basis to various selected dissemination agencies to test the operation of the warning system, to keep communication operating personnel familiar with the procedures for handling message traffic pertaining to the system, and to determine transmission times.
	www.prh.noaa.gov /ptwc/aboutptwc.htm (3428 words)

	NOAA Magazine Online (Story 153)
		The Nov. 17 event was similar in magnitude to an event from the same region in 1986, which triggered a tsunami warning that resulted in the evacuation of Hawaii coastal areas.
		Tsunamis typically cause the most severe damage and casualties near their source (i.e., earthquake) where the waves are the highest.
		The NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers continuously monitor data from seismological and tidal stations, evaluate earthquakes that have the potential to generate tsunamis and disseminate tsunami information and warning bulletins to government authorities and the public.
	www.magazine.noaa.gov /stories/mag153.htm (1403 words)

	Is a Tsunami Warning System Feasable?
		The earthquake was detected, the tsunami was not.
		Well, a tsunami, basically, what you're trying to prevent is the human casualties, the deaths and injuries, from a vulnerable population.
		And that requires a warning message that says here is the hazard, here is what's coming, and secondly, here's what to do about it, and have some planning to tell the population where to go, what to do.
	www.iwar.org.uk /news-archive/2005/01-05.htm (1147 words)

	NOAA Tsunami - How does the Tsunami Warning System Work?
		Tsunamis generated from both sources of earthquakes do penetrate into the Puget Sound region via the Strait of Juan de Fuca and up coastal rivers, harbors and bays, but lose energy as they move further inland.
		Upon receipt of tsunami watch and warning messages, local emergency management officials (see Clallam County, WA as an example) can decide to activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) to evacuate low-lying coastal areas in advance of the initial tsunami wave.
		Such communities are recognized for their efforts to enhance their tsunami warning system, widespread use of weather radio receivers and community awareness activities.
	www.tsunami.noaa.gov /warning_system_works.html (973 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A precautionary tsunami warning was issued on 3 May (GMT) for Tonga and the nearby South Pacific, after a 7.8 earthquake struck off the coast of that island.
		This is the same centre that issued a warning of the lethal December 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean.
		And although that first warning was properly sent to the emergency services centre in Tonga, the centre was in the midst of a power outage, so the news of a possible killer wave did not reach Tongans very quickly.
	www.nature.com /news/2006/060501/full/060501-6.html (770 words)

	Tsunami warning system by September 2007 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A tsunami warning system consists of two equally important components: A network of sensors to detect the gigantic waves and a communication infrastructure to issue timely alarms.
		A warning system could have helped evacuate people living within the three-hour travel time from the epicentre of the earthquake that unleashed the giant tsunami waves on December 26 last year.
		The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre, which was set up by the United States, warns countries in the Pacific Basin.
	us.rediff.com /news/2005/dec/22spec.htm (536 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| India plans tsunami alert system
		The new system will take between two and two and a half years to install and will cost up to 1.25bn rupees ($27m), Mr Sibal was quoted as saying by AP news agency.
		Calls for an international early warning system in the Indian Ocean were revived by the 53-nation Commonwealth on Monday.
		Thailand is believed to be the only state to have issued a warning of the impending disaster but investigators are now trying to establish whether the news was deliberately played down so as not to sow panic among tourists.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/4132327.stm (487 words)

	Politics could sink revamped tsunami warning system
		The reason is the Cascadia Subduction Zone, a near-identical twin to a geological fault that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami lies between 50 to 150 miles off the Washington and Oregon coast.
		NOAA currently operates six tsunami warning buoys in the Pacific -- three off the coast of Alaska, two off the western U.S. coast and one in the eastern Pacific.
		"For tsunami warnings to be effective, they must be generated and transmitted to the affected coastline within a few minutes of detection, local emergency responders must be prepared, the population must be informed, and the entire system must be executed without delay," Charles Groat, director of the U.S. Geological Survey, told the House Science Committee.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/211018_warning07.html (1372 words)

	Experts Say Tsunami Warning System Would Have Saved Lives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tsunamis move at the speed of a jet, 600 to 1000 kilometers per hour.
		The system monitors hundreds of sea bottom sensors that detect earthquakes and swelling water and many more coastline gauges that measure the height and speed of a tsunami.
		Experts note that the Pacific tsunami warning system is not foolproof, especially for coastal dwellers near the epicenter.
	www.voanews.com /english/2004-12-28-voa5.cfm (777 words)

	ITIC :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The exercise will place all Pacific Basin countries into a Tsunami Warning that will require countries to practice its emergency response decision-making for the arrival of a destructive Pacific-wide tsunami upon its shores, and depending on the country, be conducted to the step just prior to public notification.
		The exercise will take focus on two components of the warning system: the evaluation and issuance of the warning message by tsunami warning centres, and the national and/or local response and warning dissemination mechanism once a warning is received by emergency authorities.
		Tsunami bulletins will be transmitted from the tsunami warning centres to 7x24 Tsunami Focal Points and/or designated national emergency authorities responsible for tsunami emergency response.
	ioc3.unesco.org /itic (595 words)

	IOC: Towards a Tsunami Warning System in the Indian Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The IOC and ISDR Study Tour on National Tsunami Warning System Implementation For High Level Administrators in the Indian Ocean Responsible for Tsunami Warning Activities was held in Hawaii, USA between 26 and 29 July 2005.
		The participants at the International Coordination Meeting for the Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean within a global framework held in Paris on 3-8 March 2005, adopted the Terms of Reference of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System in the Indian Ocean (ICG/IOTWS).
		The participants at the International Coordination Meeting for the Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean within a global framework held in Paris on 3-8 March 2005, adopted a Communiqué outlining the arrangements for the establishment of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean region.
	ioc3.unesco.org /indotsunami (1280 words)

	JD on EP: Tsunami Warning System
		Tsunami Warning System: There's one for the Pacific region, but not for the Indian Ocean.
		I assume that there is a parallel monsoon warning system already in place, although those messages can be distributed over a few days, instead of a few hours with far-offshore earthquakes.
		is claiming the tsunami warning wasn't issued becuase it might disrupt the tourist season.
	weblogs.macromedia.com /jd/archives/2004/12/tsunami_warning.cfm (942 words)

	Tsunami warning system slacking - World - The Washington Times, America?s Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An international warning system in the Pacific was started in 1965, the year after tsunamis associated with a magnitude 9.2 quake struck Alaska.
		The warning system is administered by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
		Tsunamis are much rarer in the Indian Ocean than in the Pacific.
	washingtontimes.com /world/20041227-100430-9324r.htm (418 words)

	The Hindu : Front Page : Kalam calls for tsunami warning system
		The President, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, called for a tsunami warning system along the entire Indian coastline on the lines of the one in the 27 Pacific nations, safeguarding them from distant source tsunamis.
		In the 1970s, India had kept away from the Pacific tsunami warning system, which gives significant advance notice of the impending disaster to as many as 27 nations today, sometimes as much as three full hours.
		``Forewarning systems are a must to face the fury of nature,'' he said, adding that there were several such challenges on the national scene faced by the people in their day-to-day life.
	www.hindu.com /2004/12/30/stories/2004123002201300.htm (445 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Indian Ocean tsunami warning system by mid-2006
		A tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean will be set up by mid-2006 under the leadership of the United Nations, agreed the governmental World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan, on Thursday.
		The news comes as Indonesia increased its death toll from the tsunami on 26 December 2004 to at least 160,000, raising the total number of deaths to about 220,000.
		The exact form of the early warning system - and how it might be used and extended to provide warnings of other natural hazards - is still to be thrashed out.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6905 (391 words)

	NOAA News Online (Story 2409)
		Live tsunami warning codes, rather than a test code, will be broadcast on television stations statewide.
		"This is a critical first step in testing the entire tsunami warning communications system to ensure the safety of all Alaskans," said retired Navy Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator.
		The NOAA National Weather Service is the primary source of weather data, forecasts and warnings for the United States and its territories.
	www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories2005/s2409.htm (741 words)

	"TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN THE PACIFIC" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The phenomenon we call "tsunami" is a series of travelling ocean waves of extremely long length and period, generated by disturbances associated primarily with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor.
		As the tsunami crosses the deep ocean with speeds exceeding 1,000 km/hr, Its length from crest to crest may be a hundred kilometers or more, its height from trough to crest only a few centimeters or meters.
		As the tsunami enters the shoaling water of coastlines in its path, the velocity of its waves diminishes and wave height increases.
	www.wsspc.org /tsunami/HI/Tsunami_Warning_System/twsp01.html (371 words)

	LiveScience.com - U.S. Aims to Form Tsunami Warning System
		Scientists in Australia also are designing an Indian Ocean warning system that they say could be built within a year for about $20 million, but that cost doesn't include the communications links needed to warn people in coastal communities to flee before the giant waves arrive.
		Such a system would have about 30 seismographs to detect earthquakes and about 10 tidal gauges and six special buoys for deep ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis.
		But it was only three years ago when that system got a half-dozen sensors on the ocean floor to transmit tsunami data to buoys on the surface, where it is then relayed by satellite to scientists.
	www.livescience.com /forcesofnature/tsunami_warning_050106.html (818 words)

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