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Topic: Tyrosine

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Amino acid

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	Tyrosine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning "cheese", as it was first discovered in cheese), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
		Tyrosine is converted to DOPA by Tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme.
		Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the synthesis of the catecholamines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tyrosine (247 words)

	Tyrosine kinase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.112) is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue in a protein; these enzymes are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases.
		The hormones that act on tyrosine kinase receptors are generally growth hormones and factors that promote cell division (e.g., insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, epidermal-derived growth factor).
		An example is PDB 1IRK, the crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human insulin receptor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tyrosine_kinase (458 words)

	Tyrosine
		Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid that is synthesized in the body from phenylalanine.
		Tyrosine is also involved in the synthesis of enkephalins, substances that have pain-relieving effects in the body.
		Tyrosine should not be taken at the same time as levodopa, a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease because levodopa may interfere with the absorption of tyrosine.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsSupplements/Tyrosinecs.html (1489 words)

	tyrosine
		Tyrosine also aids in the production of melanin (pigment responsible for hair and skin color) and in the function of organs in the body responsible for making and regulating hormones, including the adrenal, thyrroid, and pituitary glands.
		Tyrosine is also involved in the synthesis of eukephalins, substances that have pain-relieving effects in the body.
		Tyrosine may be helpful in affecting withdrawal symptoms associated with cocaine addiction, since cocaine depletes the brain of Dopamine and Norepinephrine.
	www.tysonnutraceuticals.com /L-Tyrosine.htm (668 words)

	tyrosine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		When the enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of phenylalanine to tyrosine is not active because of a hereditary defect, the serious disease known as phenylketonuria (PKU) results.
		Other defects in tyrosine metabolism include the rare hereditary disorder known as alkaptonuria, characterized by discharge of a urine which darkens on standing exposed to air.
		Tyrosine is a precursor of the adrenal hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as of the thyroid hormones, including thyroxine.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ty/tyrosine.html (246 words)

	L-Tyrosine
		Further claims that tyrosine is useful in narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder have been refuted by some studies.
		Tyrosine was reported to significantly decrease adverse symptoms, including mood and performance impairment.
		In this small, open study, tyrosine seemed to improve this condition after two weeks of supplementation, but this improvement was not sustained.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lty_0256.shtml (852 words)

	Tyrosine : L-Tyrosine amino acid supplement
		Tyrosine is an amino acid that is the precursor to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which regulate mood.
		Tyrosine is involved in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine, and has been used successfully for headaches, stress reduction, anxiety, and to support individuals dealing with chemical addictions.
		Tyrosine, like phenylalanine, is a an amino acid that is the precursor to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which regulate mood.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /amino_acids/L-tyrosine.html (333 words)

	L-Tyrosine
		Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid produced inside the body from phenylalanine.
		Tyrosine is believed to be effective when used in connection with a variety of disorders including Parkinson’s disease, depression, and other mood disorders due to its role as a precursor to a number of neurotransmitters in the brain that are responsible for transmitting vital nerve impulses.
		Tyrosine may also be used as a mild appetite suppressant.
	www.nutrasanus.com /tyrosine.html (190 words)

	L Tyrosine : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., Benefits and Side effects
		N Acetyl Tyrosine 350 is an acetylated derivative of the essential amino acid L-tyrosine.
		The plasma ratio of tyrosine and phenylalanine to the other large neutral amino acids decreased significantly on the tyrosine and phenylalanine deficient mixture and there was an increase in plasma prolactin concentration relative to the balanced drink in the seven subjects for whom results were available for both occasions.
		Acute tyrosine depletion did not alter mood as measured by visual analogue scale ratings, and measures of memory, attention and behavioural inhibition were also unaffected.
	www.raysahelian.com /tyrosine.html (2031 words)

	L-Tyrosine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Tyrosine is important to the structure of almost all proteins in the body.
		Tyrosine supplementation may be beneficial in some people with PKU, though the evidence is conflicting.
		Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/Tyrosine.htm (758 words)

	L-Tyrosine
		Tyrosine does not provide the same uplifting benefits as phenylalanine, because the latter is required for the production of a metabolite, PEA, whose mood-elevating properties augment those of noradrenaline...
		Most of the mental failings that often accompany aging, such as loss of memory, loss of mental alertness and energy, tendency toward depression, vulnerability to stress, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are associated with reduced levels of noradrenaline or dopamine...
		Dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine depletion increased [11C]raclopride binding in the striatum by a mean of 6%.
	qualitycounts.com /fpltyrosine.html (785 words)

	TYROSINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Tyrosine, 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
		Other important biological functions of tyrosine are as a precursor of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine and of the biologically active catecholamines, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/ty/Tyrosine.htm (92 words)

	Tyrosine
		Tyrosine, taken during exposure to stress, improves mood, decreases stress-related complaints and enhances mental performance.*1 In one study, soldiers were placed in a controlled environment, then the environment was rapidly changed to simulate 15,500 feet elevation.
		Tyrosine has also been used to help women with pre-menstrual distress who were also found to have very low levels of tyrosine.3 Women taking birth-control pills also were found to have very low levels of tyrosine.9, 10 The researchers concluded that there was a clear trend relating pre-menstrual distress to decreased tyrosine levels.*9
		Tyrosine is a non-essential aromatic amino acid that is made in the body from phenylalanine using niacin and glutamic acid.
	www.bodyandfitness.com /Information/Fitness/Research/tyrosine.htm (538 words)

	Pure Encapsulations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The amino acid tyrosine is a precursor of catecholamine neurotransmitters, including l-dopa, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
		Tyrosine is also a key component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
		Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment.
	www.purecaps.com /itemdy00.asp?T1=LT9 (159 words)

	Tyrosine - Elson M. Haas M.D. - HealthWorld Online
		Tyrosine is easily made in the body from phenylalanine and is very important to general metabolism, as it is a direct precursor of both adrenaline (as well as norepinephrine and dopamine) and thyroid hormones, all stimulants to metabolism and the nervous system.
		Tyrosine may stimulate growth hormone and can act as a mild appetite suppressant.
		Tyrosine is known as the "antidepressant" amino acid.
	www.healthy.net /scr/Article.asp?Id=1975 (341 words)

	Tyrosine - Protein Tyrosine Phospatases & Cellular Signalling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Tyrosine, an essential amino acid, is also an aromatic amino acid and is derived While tyrosine is hydrophobic, it is significantly more soluble that is
		Tyrosine kinase receptors are a family of receptors with a similar structure.
		Src is a tyrosine kinase, so it relays its messages by adding phosphate groups to special tyrosine amino acids in protein chains.
	payalt.com /?q=tyrosine (254 words)

	Tyrosine
		Tyrosine (amino acid) is the forerunner of two neurotransmitters: norepinephrine and dopamine, both mood elevators.
		Tyrosine is found in the following foods: diary products, lima bean, bananas, almonds, sesame seeds, soy products, poultry, and fish.
		Tyrosine should be taken on an empty stomach with water or juice 30 minutes before a meal.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article1043.html (319 words)

	Supplements A to Z - Real Muscle Building and Fitness SOLUTIONS
		As a precursor to several important neurotransmitters, tyrosine appears to have potent stimulating effects on the brain and has been shown to help individuals perform better mentally—aiding focus and alertness as well as inhibiting feelings of stress and fatigue.
		Tyrosine is not recommended for people with high blood pressure or skin cancer.
		If you are currently using MAO inhibitors or other antidepressant drugs, tyrosine is not recommended as this combination may raise blood pressure.
	www.realsolutionsmag.com /supplements/supplements.aspx?nid=75 (384 words)

	Tyrosine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The chemical structure of Tyrosine is shown at the right.
		This is a graph of the molar extinction coefficient of Tyrosine dissolved in water, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.
		This is the fluorescence emission spectrum of Tyrosine dissolved in water, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.
	omlc.ogi.edu /spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/tyrosine.html (188 words)

	Tyrosine definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Tyrosine: An amino acid, one of the 20 building blocks of protein.
		A nonessential amino acid, tyrosine is produced from another amino acid, phenylalanine.
		Tyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and melanin.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22836 (196 words)

	Welcome to The Supplement Research Foundation
		Tyrosine has been used and researched by the military extensively.
		Some recent research confirms the performance enhancing effects of tyrosine in exercise.
		Interestingly enough, tyrosine also helps manufacture thyroid hormone which regulates metabolism in the body (I guess that is why you see it in some fat loss formulas on the market).
	www.tsrf.com /supplements/supplements_ltyr.htm (147 words)

	Reference Guide For AMINO ACIDS
		Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses and tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair.
		Taurine and sulfur are considered to be factors necessary for the control of many biochemical changes that take place in the aging process; aids in the clearing of free radical wastes.
		Is an important source of energy for muscle tissue, the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids.
	www.realtime.net /anr/aminoacd.html (1300 words)

	L Tyrosine Review: Fat Burner & Antidepressant?
		That's because l tyrosine can play an important role for dieters (and for just about everyone else too, but I'll discuss that in a moment)...
		L tyrosine is an amino acid (amino acids are described as the "building blocks" of protein), and happens to be the precursor of several important neurotransmitters -- l-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine -- which are important contributors to mood, cognitive performance, as well as combating stress.
		There also seems to be some small body of evidence that suggests l tyrosine may have a positive effect on thyroid hormone levels (which contribute to an increased metabolic rate).
	www.ultimatefatburner.com /l-tyrosine.html (357 words)

	InterPro: IPR001245 Tyrosine protein kinase
		Protein kinases comprise a large family of enzymes that mediate the response of eukaryotic cells to external stimuli by phosphorylation of hydroxyamino acids.
		The enzymes fall into two broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity: serine/threonine specific and tyrosine specific [ 1 ].
		Tyrosine phosphorylating activity was originally detected in two viral transforming proteins [ 2 ], but many retroviral transforming proteins and their cellular counterparts have since been shown to possess such activity.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001245 (2901 words)

	Tyrosine - Supplements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Several of the non-essential amino acids are considered to be “conditionally-essential”, meaning that under certain conditions, such as injury, disease, increased stress and intense physical activity, the body’s machinery is unable to generate adequate levels and supplemental dietary sources are required.
		Tyrosine **Note, there are lots of other amino acids, but some can be produced in the body by combining or processing other amino acids from the diet (example = lysine + methionine are combined to produce carnitine).
		The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of lean body mass per day for a healthy adult.
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=283 (642 words)

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