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	Upper house - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.
		However, it is also common that the upper house consist of delegates who are indirectly elected by state governments - for example, in the German Bundesrat and in the United States Senate until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913.
		In addition, the upper house of many nations is directly elected, but in different proportions to the lower house - for example, the Senates of Australia and the United States have a fixed number of elected representatives from each state, regardless of the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Upper_house (784 words)

	Upper house - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An upper house (sometimes known as a second chamber) is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.
		This arises from the notion of an upper house as an advisory or revising chamber.
		In federations the upper house may consist of delegates who are indirectly elected by state governments, as is the case in the German Bundesrat and many other upper chambers.
	www.norco.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Upper_house (728 words)

	Lower house - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.
		The supremacy of the lower house usually arises from special restrictions placed (either explicitly by legislation or implicitly by convention) on the powers of the upper house, which often can only delay rather than veto legislation or has less control over money bills.
		Under parliamentary systems it is usually the lower house alone that designates the head of government or prime minister, and may remove them through a vote of no confidence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lower_house (287 words)

	ipedia.com: Upper house Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is often referred to as the 'upper house' of the US Congress, but is in vital respects actually more powerful than the House of Representatives (the 'lower house').
		Finally, seats in an upper house may be hereditary, as has historically been the case in the British House of Lords.
		The House of Lords was intended to represent the nobility while the lower house, the House of Commons, represented the commoners.
	www.ipedia.com /upper_house.html (697 words)

	Upper House, Madeley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Upper House is one of the many historic buildings still to be found in old Madeley.
		The land on which Upper House was built appears to have belonged to Much Wenlock Priory during the 13th to 17th centuries and was leased to Francis Woolfe some time before1621 when the house was built by him.
		The house and land were leased to William Anstice, the founder of the Madeley Wood Company, in 1822, and in 1824 he leased it on to Rev. John Bartlett, who was married to William Reynolds’ daughter.
	www.localhistory.madeley.org.uk /buildings/upperh.html (920 words)

	Parties jump gun on '07 upper house election : National : DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE (The Daily Yomiuri) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Upper house LDP caucus chairman Mikio Aoki fears a scenario in which the government's plan to cut expenditures--which will directly affect local finances and regional economies--will draw antipathy against the ruling camp and the ruling parties will be unseated in one-seat electoral districts, many of which are outside urban centers.
		In the 2001 upper house election, when the nonbinding lists of proportional representation candidates method was introduced, the LDP captured 25 of the 27 one-seat districts.
		The instructions were given in the hope of avoiding a repeat of the 2004 upper house election defeat, in which the DPJ and Social Democratic Party both fielded candidates in the Yamagata prefectural electoral district, splitting the vote and losing to the ruling party's candidates.
	www.yomiuri.co.jp /dy/national/20060612TDY03001.htm (1243 words)

	Newman Reader - Convocation of Canterbury - Chapter 2
		Thus, the Lower House, in its origin, had no independent existence, being a mere appendage to the Upper, separated off from it for convenience, sent out from it to debate on this or that question specially submitted to it, and recalled at the President's pleasure to report the opinions and advice of its members.
		But the main object coveted by the Lower House was the power of originating measures, and, in 1689, they had ventured to exercise it, when they made a representation to the Bishops about some of the latitudinarian and scandalous books of the day.
		According to the register of the Upper House, the Convocation was prorogued from December 19th, 1640, to January 13th, 1641; but the minutes of the Lower mentioned an adjournment from December 19th to December 23rd, and from thence to January 13.
	www.newmanreader.org /works/historical/volume3/canterbury/chapter2.html (2618 words)

	Encyklopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the 19th century, the palazzo, by then a great treasure house, was used as a power base by Napoleon I, and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy.
		In the early 20th century, the palazzo together with its contents was given to the Italian people by the King Victor Emmanuel III, subsequently its doors were opened to the public to serve as one of Florence's largest art galleries.
		Today housing several major collections, in addition to those of the Medici family, it is fully open to the public.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Upper_house (647 words)

	Upper House Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of those that are elected, most jurisdictions have chosen to reflect the different roles of the two houses by using a different electoral system for their upper house to that which they use for their lower house.
		In Australia, for example, the lower house is elected by a majoritarian system (AV - see Alternative Vote), while the upper house, which represents the various states, is elected using a proportional system (STV see Single Transferable Vote).
		This has meant that minority interests who would normally be unable to win election to the lower house still have a chance of gaining election, in the context of state representation, in the upper house.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esi02 (459 words)

	Exploring the Link Between SNTV and Factions:
		In the Upper House prefectural districts, in contrast, a single faction should have been able to run two candidates from a single two-seat Upper House district, for example, because the two seats were filled at different times (as in U.S. Senate races).
		Evidently, the occasional appearance of intra-party competition in the Upper House was not sufficient to produce the same sorts of adaptations as were observed in the Lower House, where intra-party competition could be expected year-in and year-out.
		The Upper House is just as Japanese as the Lower House, so a pure culturalist might say (with apologies to Gertrude Stein) that "a faction is a faction is a faction." On the other hand, an electoral incentives perspective predicts systematic differences in the nature of factionalism between the two houses.
	dss.ucsd.edu /~gcox/hcfact.htm (6621 words)

	Upper House - Restaurant Reviews - Epicure - Entertainment - theage.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Upper House serves it scattered with fresh peas and halved sticks of asparagus.
		A loin of rabbit rolled with a tan, crisp, salty/porky exoskeleton of prosciutto is served as three fat slices.
		Upper House has a separate steak menu: the "300g Stockyard's grain-fed dry-aged porterhouse" - one of five - is magnificent and served with a variety of accompaniments and options (horseradish cream and pommes frites, thanks).
	www.theage.com.au /news/restaurant-reviews/upper-house/2005/11/07/1131211992817.html (917 words)

	Upper House appears set to approve Penal Code amendment again (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		AMMAN — The Upper House is waiting again to receive temporary amendments to the Penal Code — changed to set stiffer penalties for “crimes of passion” — that were rejected for a second time by Lower House MPs several days ago.
		The Constitution stipulates that if the Lower House rejects a law, it is forwarded to the Upper House, where senators can reject the cancellation and return it to deputies.
		The Lower House Palestine Committee is to submit a memorandum to His Majesty King Abdullah, thanking him for allowing Jordanian women married to Palestinians, which fled Iraq and became stranded at a camp near Ruweished, to enter into the Kingdom.
	www.jordanembassyus.org /09102003003.htm (550 words)

	What if Kenya Established an Upper House of 50 or 75 Members? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Constitutional Review Commission (CRC) might consider the establishment of an upper house to resolve the conflict between the multiple criteria for the delimitation of constituencies listed in section 42 (3) of the constitution.
		This arrangement might consist of a lower house of 210 or more MPs elected from districts of equal populations, and an upper house composed of 50 or more members elected from districts created to address the needs of "communities of interest" in sparsely populated areas where communications are poor.
		While the former would be realized in the lower house, the latter would be protected by the upper house.
	www.uiowa.edu /~electdis/kenya_section6.htm (216 words)

	eKantipur.com - Nepal's No.1 News Portal
		KATHMANDU, Oct 16 - Speaker of the House of Representatives (HOR) Taranath Ranabhat today assured the Upper House members of reactivating the Upper House, which is defunct along with the dissolution of the HOR nearly 17 months ago.
		Panta was one of the participants in the Upper House delegation that met the Speaker at the latter’s office today.The delegates, including the Vice Chairman Ramprit Pasman, held an hour-long meeting Thursday to discuss the ways and constitutional procedures for summoning the House session.
		Neither the Constitution nor the Upper House regulations are clear on the way to call separate session of the Upper House when the Lower House is not functioning.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=1319 (247 words)

	UPPER HOUSE OF AFGHAN PARLIAMENT BEGINS TO TAKE SHAPE - Eurasia Daily Monitor
		While the lower house seats are all determined by popular election, two-thirds (68 members) of the upper house are chosen from the provincial councils by the council members themselves, and the remaining one-third (34 members) are named by the president.
		However, since it was not possible the pass the seat to a relative under the current law, President Karzai promised the surviving brother a seat in the upper house (Daily Times Pakistan, December 11).
		For now, given the heavy presence of conservatives and controversial leaders in the lower house and the appointment of some questionable members to the upper house, the odds seem to be against winning this struggle.
	jamestown.org /edm/article.php?article_id=2370613 (768 words)

	The Advertiser: Upper House abolition opposed [05may06] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		PLANS to abolish the state's Upper House are meeting fierce resistance - even though legislation on the issue is yet to be presented to Parliament.
		He said Queensland did not have an Upper House and this had resulted in the state experiencing "significant political corruption" and now there were calls for Queensland to reinstate it.
		Opposition Leader in the Council Rob Lucas defended the Upper House's record and said good governments could, and had been able to, achieve much of their program for the past 30 years in South Australia.
	www.theadvertiser.news.com.au /common/story_page/0,5936,19029583^2682,00.html (428 words)

	Ruling coalition suffers backlash in Japan's upper house election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The results of Japan’s upper house election on July 11 revealed a continuing political backlash against Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi’s economic and foreign policy agenda, in particular his decision to send Japanese troops to bolster the US occupation of Iraq.
		The voter turnout of 56.57 percent, marginally higher than in the July 2001 upper house election, was one of the lowest ever.
		Some political commentators have greeted the upper house election result as further evidence that a “two-party system” is emerging in Japan that will end the LDP’s monopoly of power.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/jul2004/japa-j28.shtml (1152 words)

	The World Today - Mike Rann calls for abolition of Upper House
		The Labor Premier is calling for the abolition of South Australia's Upper House and says he plans to put the issue to the people in a referendum.
		I think the Upper House in South Australia is run as a 19th century institution.
		He had to deal with a hostile Upper House and he got his reforms through by convincing the public, by convincing the Upper House with the force of his ideas and his vision.
	www.abc.net.au /worldtoday/content/2005/s1515919.htm (907 words)

	July 1998 Upper House Elections in Japan
		"This is very similar to the tendency seen in the 1989 Upper House election" when the LDP suffered a severe loss because of votes protesting the introduction of the consumption tax and a series of bribery scandals that forced the resignation of then-Prime Minister Sosuke Uno.
		However, Takashi Imai, chairman of the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (Keidanren), stressed the LDP's defeat in the Upper House election does not mean there will be a power shift in the government, and he urged the LDP to steadily implement financial stabilization measures proposed during the previous Diet session.
		It's also worth noting that Japan's voters have used upper house elections to register protests, and then turned around to favor the stability and familiarity of the LDP in balloting for the lower house, the more influential body and the one that elects the prime minister.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /eas/web/ldpelect.htm (5706 words)

	Upper house downers
		Most voters know little about the 157 upper house MPs around the nation, except for the popular perception that they're a drain on the public purse, they sit for only a few days a year, treat themselves to study tours to exotic locales and are occasionally caught out drunk.
		The convention was the brainchild of the controversial speaker of the state's lower house, Peter Lewis, who has radical views on kicking politicians and parties out of the upper house to ensure proper review.
		However, the Victorian Liberals, who dominated the upper house for all but two weeks of its entire history until recently, have one MP who wants the upper house dead and buried.
	sunday.ninemsn.com.au /sunday/cover_stories/article_1428.asp?MSID=3d8623876e394036bdbf9e90a3c5c847 (1315 words)

	LRB \| John Vincent : All that matters is what Tony wants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The worldwide norm is for the upper house to be much smaller than the lower - on average about 60 per cent of its size.
		The House of Lords Act 1999, which created the present interim House, did all that was in the interests of the Government.
		As Russell wisely says, reformers of upper chambers in all countries are indulging their dreams, not so much of specific institutional reform, but of an ideal upper house, perhaps even of a utopian political system.
	www.lrb.co.uk /v22/n06/vinc01_.html (3553 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Asia / Japan's upper house elects female speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Japan's upper house of Parliament elected its first female speaker on Friday as lawmakers gathered for a special session after elections two weeks ago.
		Chikage Ogi, 71, a veteran lawmaker from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, was voted in at the beginning of the session, upper house official Yoko Murakami said.
		The special session in both chambers of Parliament followed July 13 upper house elections in which the opposition Democrats made impressive gains, although they failed to shake the ruling coalition's majority.
	www.boston.com /news/world/asia/articles/2004/07/30/japans_upper_house_elects_female_speaker?mode=PF (240 words)

	Book Clearing House Acquires Upper Access Fulfillment
		Book Clearing House has been in business for over 50 years, specializing in obtaining books for corporate libraries, and has a long-standing reputation for quality, service, and speed.
		Upper Access will keep its book listings on its web site (http://www.upperaccess.com) in place for several months after the transfer, to be sure that no orders will be lost while BCH puts a new, larger site in place.
		I think Book Clearing House is in the best possible position to pick up where we're leaving off with these wonderful publishers." Upper Access began as a publisher in 1986 and expanded into fulfillment in 1989.
	www.bookflash.com /releases/100246.html (471 words)

	Afghanistan's new National Assembly taking shape / Provinces elect representatives for upper house
		The election board announced Saturday that it had certified the last results of the Sept. 18 voting, which selected the 249 members of the directly elected lower house, the Wolesi Jirga, or the House of the People, and of the 34 provincial councils.
		To complete the upper house, Karzai must still appoint 34 representatives, or one-third of the 102-member Meshrano Jirga.
		Based on early analyses of the Sept. 18 elections, the two houses of the National Assembly will be dominated by religious conservatives and jihadist figures, who gained prominence in the last two decades of war.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/11/13/MNGHFFNKNA1.DTL&type=printable (341 words)

	Mental mayhem: Large representation of women in the new Upper House
		The gossip houses of Amman have not been as comfortable as you describe them to be, for pretty much the same reasons that you have stated.
		I was specifically referring to the recent sacking of the majority of upper house members - senators if you may. The King's reform initiative kicked off when he appointed the 'new generation' figures who at the time, appeared to have fresh ideas and closer ties with the western civilizations.
		When you have the old school on one side (upper house), and the anticipated new generation reformist Bassem Awad-Allah becoming Prime Minister on the other side, you are bound to get some conflicting thoughts.
	www.mentalmayhem.org /mental_mayhem/2005/11/large_represent.html (1500 words)

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