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Topic: Usury

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	JewishEncyclopedia.com - USURY: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The chapter on usury and increase (B. v.) commences thus: "What is usury ["neshek"] and what is increase ["tarbit"]?"; but by the latter word it seems to refer only to the rabbinical enlargement of the antiusury law.
		One difference between usury under the letter of the Law and rabbinical increase is this: the former, when collected by the creditor, may be reclaimed by action, while the latter may not.
		Interest or usury was allowed for the latter, but not for the former class, to which money was supposed to belong, because every passing of coin was regarded as a separate use.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=58&letter=U (2956 words)

	Usury - LoveToKnow 1911
		At the present day, "usury," if used in the old sense of the term, would embrace a multitude of modes of receiving interest upon capital to which not the slightest moral taint is attached.
		Usury had given all the power of the state to a small plutocracy.
		On the whole, it was truly said of usury during the republic and early years of the empire: "Sed vetus urbi faenebre malum et seditionum discordiarumque creberrima causa." Even when it came to be authorized by Roman law under certain restrictions, it was still looked upon as a pernicious crime.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Usury (1846 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Usury
		Given God’s hostility to usury, it is hardly surprising that Christian theologians from the fourth century on defined lending for gain as a sin.
		As the Act against Usury passed by the English Parliament in 1624 demonstrates, the rate of interest was important to the national economic well-being, lowering the maximum rate of 10%, established in 1571, to 8%.
		Most nations continue to regulate usury, which is now, in the West, defined as contracting to charge interest on a loan without risk to the lender at an interest rate greater than that set by the law.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/jones.usury (2871 words)

	Jeremy Bentham, Defence of Usury
		Usury is a bad thing, and as such ought to be prevented: usurers are a bad sort of men, a very bad sort of men, and as such ought to be punished and suppressed.
		It is plain, that in order for usury to be prohibited by law, a positive description must have been found for it by law, fixing, or rather superseding, the moral one.
		Bottomry is the usury of pawnbroking: respondentia is usury at large, but combined in a manner with insurance, and employed in the assistance of a trade carried on by sea.
	phare.univ-paris1.fr /textes/Bentham/Usury/usury.html (15626 words)

	HedgedFund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Usury is a topic that modern people have entirely forgotten, and which you will not find mentioned in most books on Economics, yet its vital importance was recognised throughout all history until quite recently.
		Usury is very personal in effect and is mentioned in religious texts exactly because of the spiritual harm it does.
		Usury is an important subject that should be studied because it affects each and every person on the planet today.
	www.hedgedfund.org /Article/usury.htm (4286 words)

	Keith Hunt - The Law of Usury - Lending - Giving #1 - Page One
		Usury is a little-understood law that offers tremendous benefits for obedience, or the death penalty for disobedience.
		Usury is a law whose principles affect all the societies of the world.
		Neshek (usury) The relationship of this noun to the basic verb "bite" is sustained by evident usage [Ugaritic, i.e., a Semitic language closely related to Phoenician and Hebrew - verb: "bite" (of serpent), noun: "interest"].
	www.keithhunt.com /Usury1.html (3475 words)

	Usury - Consumers - California Dept. of Justice - Office of the Attorney General
		Usury is the charging of interest in excess of that allowed by law.
		Usury laws are complicated and there are many exceptions to the general rules.
		In regard to usury, a loan to be used primarily for home improvement or home purchase is not regarded as a loan for personal, family or household purposes.
	caag.state.ca.us /consumers/general/usury.htm (415 words)

	The Evil of Usury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The prohibition of usury as to the Jew was extended, to include mankind, and the permit as to the stranger was declared inoperative and void.
		Usury was the basis for Jesus's calling the money changers thieves: "The commerce of the world is conducted on principles as much at variance with the teachings of the master, as are the practices of a sneak thief or burglar.
		The basis for its continued existence is continued usury and unforgiving collection of all debts resulting from committing the highest crime of usury.
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /usury2.htm (1235 words)

	Usury
		But usury in some form or other has continued to the present day, and although in principle it is condemned, the term 'usury' refers only to exorbitant interest, ie well above socially accepted rates.
		The prohibition of usury was adopted as a major campaign by the earliest Christian Church, following on from Jesus' expulsion of the money-lenders from the temple.
		As a result of these influences, around 1620, according to the theologian Ruston, 'usury passed from being an offense against public morality, which a Christian government was expected to suppress, to being a matter of private conscience, and a new generation of Christian moralists redefined usury as excessive interest'.
	www.henciclopedia.org.uy /autores/Laguiadelmundo/Usury.htm (1291 words)

	State Interest Rates and Usury Limits
		The usury limit which is stated as the general usury limit is the rate that can be charged by one person or corporation to another, in other words, if you lend your next door neighbor $ 100.00, the rate stated is the limit.
		In states without a usury limit, there still may be a federally imposed limit because at certain astronomical rates of interest "loan sharking" will be inferred by the federal government.
		Usury limit for individuals is 12%, there is no limit for corporations.
	www.lectlaw.com /files/ban02.htm (2263 words)

	Legal Definition of Usury
		USURY - The civil or criminal wrong of charging interest that is beyond the legal limit set by a State.
		On the contrary, when the contract was originally usurious, and there is a substitution by a new contract, the latter will generally be considered usurious.
		To constitute usury the borrower must not only be obliged to return the principal at all events, but more than lawful interest: this part of the agreement must be made with full consent and knowledge of the contracting parties.
	www.lectlaw.com /def2/u015.htm (475 words)

	Usury
		The usury racket is not condoned in Scripture.
		Usury is another word for theft and it is a doctrine of the Babylonian church.
		It grew to a proverb that usury was the brat of heresy.
	www.latter-rain.com /perspectives/usury.htm (446 words)

	Usury and Social Justice in Catholic - ecumenical social teachings; Bishop Paul Peter, TCRNews2.com, Traditional ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Technically, usury doesn't exist unless it involves the charging of interest beyond that which is allowed by law.
		Documentation of a systematic usurious approach used in modern society is almost endless.
		VATICAN CITY, NOV. 23, 2005 (Zenit.org).- Benedict XVI condemned the "social plague" of usury and said that it should be combated through prevention, solidarity and education.
	tcrnews2.com /usury.html (2328 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : The Red Herring of Usury
		The usury rule was, for these literal of the ancient texts, the classic example of an disproved forever the Church's vaunted claim to be the infallible arbiter of morals.
		He claims that the condemnation of usury, so defined, is the teaching of Scripture and that this biblical principle was taken up by the Church Fathers and later codified in the Church's official teaching: "The teaching on usury of the Old Testament was explicitly confirmed by the New Testament.
		A loan that was usurious at one point in history, due to the unfruitfulness of money, is not usurious later, when the development of competitive markets has changed the nature of money itself.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=646 (2240 words)

	Islamic Finance and Usury, Islamic Banking, Interest Free Loan, Islamic Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The spread of dealing with usury in a nation means the creation of economic crisis, financial problems and high cost of living.
		It is false to claim that usury is necessary in bank dealings and for the development of the economy.
		This is verified by the fact that although usury is spreading world wide, yet we find a lot of people suffering from poverty and hard conditions of living.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /~bern/Khutbah.html (1447 words)

	History of Usury Prohibition
		Usury - lending at interest or excessive interest - has, according to known records, been practiced in various parts of the world for at least four thousand years.
		Usury is what marks the distinction between money being simply a socially contracted abstract mechanism to lubricate between supply and demand, and money as an end in itself.
		The condemnation of usury in the form of charging for loans to the poor and destitute is a recurring theme in several traditions.
	www.alastairmcintosh.com /articles/1998_usury.htm (5551 words)

	BlackCrayon.com: dictionary: 'usury'
		That form of privilege or interference with the Free Market in which one State-supported group monopolizes the coinage and thereby takes tribute (interest), direct or indirect, on all or most economic transactions.
		'Usury' is the Catholic-, the communist-, and the mutualist anarchist term for interest charged on loans.
		Under political capitalism, the term 'usury' refers only to "excessive" rates of interest.
	www.blackcrayon.com /library/dictionary/?term=usury (73 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Usury
		Such is the usury against which the Fathers of the Church have always protested, and which is universally condemned at the present day.
		Funk defined it as the abuse of a certain superiority at the expense of another man's necessity; but in this description he points to the opportunity and the means which enable a man to commit the sin of usury, rather than the formal malice of the sin itself.
		As a remedy for the evil, respectable associations for mutual lending have been instituted, such as the banks known by the name of their founder, Raiffeisen, and help has been sought from legislators; but there is no general agreement as to the form which legislation on this subject should take.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15235c.htm (2574 words)

	NJLRC Interest and Usury Final Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The usury statute now is the exception to the general rule that there are no limits on credit except for those within the criminal usury law.
		The civil usury statute has in effect become an exception to the general rule that parties may establish a rate of interest by contract subject to the limitations of the criminal usury law.
		This statute is necessitated by the repeal of the civil usury statute, N.J.S.A. 31:1-1 et seq.
	www.lawrev.state.nj.us /rpts/usury.htm (8482 words)

	Usury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Usury is the act of collecting or contracting to collect interest at a rate over the legal limit.
		Historically, usury limits were stated as a flat rate.
		Otherwise, as interest rates move up, flat usury rates may foreclose the ability of a bank or other lender to make loans to consumers.
	www.smartagreements.com /bltopics/Bltopi35.html (329 words)

	The House of Degenhart » Usury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus unless we repent of usury, then any pretense of concern a man voices for his family, his kin, or his people is purely a façade of feigned compassion, for our support of usury continues to oppress them every hour of every day, even on the Lord’s Day.
		Usury plays a central part in this progressive process of wealth being diverted to the ungodly, and when we settle it in our hearts that it is a sinful and unlawful practice, the lack of it will also play a key role in diverting it back into the hands of the just.
		Thus a consequence of usury is that a large amount of funds under the stewardship of Christians are actually unavailable for works of charity and mercy because they are being used by the moneylenders to exact usury from their Christian brothers and sisters.
	degenhart.us /blog/index.php?cat=10 (10379 words)

	USURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The act of usury was deemed a mortal sin, and its practitioner's path of greed was understood to end in eternal damnation in Hell.
		In essence, usury was perceived as a crass system of exponential exploitation by which the already wealthy could get increasingly wealthier for little more than the fact of their wealth in the first place.
		328] Usurious Jews who did no physical labor, who were segregated in their own communities, who did not serve in the local military, and who were agents of the hated aristocracy, were commonly accused of parasitism by local non-Jewish populaces.
	www.jewishtribalreview.org /04usury.htm (7047 words)

	Usury and Interest in Islam (Submission)- Banking system, banks-financial institution, Commerce, business, companies, ...
		A Dictionary defines usury as "an excessive or inordinate premium for the use of money borrowed", "extortionate interest", or "the practice of taking exorbitant or excessive interest." The Arabic language also makes distinction between interest (Fa'eda) and usury (Reba).
		The Quran specifically states that usury cannot be equated to commerce or taken as a normal business practice.
		The practice of usury, unfortunately, is prevalent all over the world with individuals and business engaged in this practice.
	www.submission.org /islam/usury.html (1332 words)

	Usury Law is the first consumer protection, and the foundation for all the rest: a comment by Consumers League
		Usury Law is the first consumer protection, and the foundation for all the rest: a comment by Consumers League
		New Jersey's civil usury law, NJSA 31:1-1, was the state's first consumer protection law, and is just as necessary now, because the entire structure of regulating credit, and protecting consumers, depends on the civil usury law.
		Once the civil usury limit is gone, then payday lenders will lobby for a law to explicitly override the 30% criminal usury law, as has been done in Tennessee.
	www.clnj.org /usury.htm (469 words)

	The Essays of Francis Bacon - Lot Eight
		I say this only, that usury is a concessum propter duritiem cordis; for since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart, as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted.
		The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much; the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade.
		First, therefore, let usury in general, be reduced to five in the hundred; and let that rate be proclaimed, to be free and current; and let the state shut itself out, to take any penalty for the same.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/mike_donnelly/lotNINE.htm (4028 words)

	[No title]
		It is good to set before us the incommodities and commodities of usury, that the good may be either weighed out or culled out; and warily to provide that, while we make forth to that which is betterd, we meet not with that which is worse.
		To serve both intentions, the way would be briefly thus: that there be two rates of usury; the one free and general for all; the other under licence only to certain persons, and in certain places of merchandising.
		If it be objected that this doth in a sort authorize usury, which before was in some places but permissive; the answer is, that it is better to mitigate usury by declaration than to suffer it to rage by connivance.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bacon/bacon002.html (356 words)

	THE RED HERRING OF USURY (This Rock: September 1997)
		Protestants and rationalists point to usury as a case where the Church made infallible pronouncements on moral conduct, then had to eat its words—where the Church had, in short, been proved wrong.
		The usury rule was, for these literal readers of the ancient texts, the classic example of an about-face that disproved forever the Church’s vaunted claim to be the infallible arbiter of morals.
		He seeks to demonstrate that usury was strongly and consistently prohibited by the magisterium of the Church, whereas the prohibitions against contraception were less frequent, although still present.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1997/9709fea3.asp (2242 words)

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