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	Second Vatican Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was an Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church opened under Pope John XXIII in 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI in 1965.
		A major event of the final days of the council was the act of Pope Paul and Orthodox Patriarch Athenagoras of a joint expression of regret for many of the past actions that had led up to the Great Schism between the western and eastern churches, expressed as the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965.
		On December 8, the Second Vatican Council was formally closed, with the bishops professing their obedience to the Council's decrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Vatican_Council (3410 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Vatican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Vatican City is a roughly triangular tract of land within Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber River and west of the Castel Sant'Angelo.
		The principal chapel in the Vatican is the Sistine Chapel, the ceiling of which was painted (1508-12) by Michelangelo.
		Gregory XIII and Sixtus V spent huge sums on the Vatican and also began the Quirinal, a palace that served as the papal residence from the 17th to the 19th cent., was the Italian royal palace from 1870 to 1946, and is now the home of the president of Italy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/V/Vatican.asp (1260 words)

	Becky's Page
		As it is recognized today, the Vatican State consists of the City of the Vatican; this is the area of Rome recognized by the treaty of the Lateran as constituting the territorial extent of the temporal sovereignty of the Holy See.
		But the main function of the Vatican is to be the officially recognized diplomatic-political centre of the Catholic Church; as an independent sovereign State it sends its own representatives to the various Governments of the world, while big and small nations send their ambassadors to the Vatican.
		The ideal to be achieved is the conclusion of a treaty between the Vatican and the Government concerned; and although negotiations for such treaties are usually carried out directly, between the panties concerned, the role of the Papal diplomatic representatives is of the utmost importance.
	www.geocities.com /visplace/vatican2.htm (2002 words)

	African Catholicism after Vatican II
		Vatican II stressed understanding; encouraging the use of the vernacular, rather than Latin, in worship, and opening the door to co-operation between Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox Christians.
		Perhaps the key African Catholic response to Vatican II was the use of the vernacular liturgy and the development of African hymnody and instrumentation.
		Vatican II also encouraged the development of local ecclesiastical leadership, precisely at the time when African nations were asserting their independence from colonial domination and developing local leadership.
	www.bethel.edu /~letnie/AfricanChristianity/SSARCCsinceVaticanII.html (1233 words)

	Vatican 2 - WELS.net
		The Vatican, a separate state within the city of Rome, is the worldwide headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and the home of the popes.
		In 1869-70, a council was held at the Vatican.
		Vatican II was held in 1963-1965, convoked by Pope John XXIII, and continued after his death by Pope Paul VI.
	www.wels.net /cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuQA_qaID=1&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=6802 (370 words)

	Vatican II - Voice of The Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Today, therefore, the teachings of Vatican II are the current, the most recent and the most solemn expression of the Mind of the Church.
		The solemn significance of an ecumenical, or general Council is explored further in Vatican II in Focus.
		The Vatican II Symposium of 2002 is a major section of the website.
	www.vatican2voice.org /index.asp (1730 words)

	No. 2 at Vatican: 'We may have to be more generous' \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		His comments, coming after the death of a leading critic of Vatican centralization, were a rare admission that Rome had pre-empted too many powers from the cardinals and bishops who administer the world's largest church.
		The issue of Vatican authority is a long-standing source of tension in the billion-strong church.
		Koenig, a champion of liberal reform, had criticized the Vatican for appointing bishops –; often conservatives – with little or no consultation with the local bishops'; conference.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040408/news_1c8church.html (447 words)

	Pope Pius IX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He granted Pius IX the Law of Guarantees (May 13, 1871) which gave the Pope the use of the Vatican but denied him sovereignty over this territory, nevertheless granting him the right to send and receive ambassadors and 3.25 m lira a year.
		Although he was not forbidden or prevented from travelling as he wished, he called himself a prisoner in the Vatican.
		In 1854 he became one of the few Popes to issue a statement considered infallible when he defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Pius_IX (2200 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vatican Council
		The opponents of infallibility constantly assert that the pope convoked the council of the Vatican solely to have papal infallibility proclaimed.
		According to the dogmatic decision of the Vatican Council, the papacy founded by Christ is the crown and centre of the entire constitution of the Catholic Church.
		Lastly, as regards the drafts and proposition which were left unsettled by the Vatican Council, a number of these were revived and brought to completion by Pius IX and his two successors.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15303a.htm (7675 words)

	CNS STORY: Vatican's No. 2 says decision to resign would be up to pope
		VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- After asking prayers for a hospitalized Pope John Paul II, the Vatican's No. 2 official said the question of eventual papal resignation was something that must be left to "the pope's conscience."
		Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Vatican secretary of state, responded Feb. 7 to reporters who asked whether the pope had considered resigning in view of his health problems.
		The Vatican said he was improving but was being kept in the hospital as a precaution.
	www.catholicnews.com /data/stories/cns/0500723.htm (461 words)

	DECLARATION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
		This Vatican Council likewise professes its belief that it is upon the human conscience that these obligations fall and exert their binding force.
		It is in accordance with their dignity as persons-that is, beings endowed with reason and free will and therefore privileged to bear personal responsibility-that all men should be at once impelled by nature and also bound by a moral obligation to seek the truth, especially religious truth.
		The declaration of this Vatican Council on the right of man to religious freedom has its foundation in the dignity of the person, whose exigencies have come to be are fully known to human reason through centuries of experience.
	www.vatican.va /archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html (3845 words)

	Vatican Museums
		The Vatican Library was founded by Nicholas V (1447-55).
		Founded in 1854 by Pius IX in the Lateran Palace to house the Christian antiquities found during the excavations of the catacombs, the Museo Pio Cristiano was transferred to the Vatican in 1963.
		The material is vast and various and is presented according to didactic principles so as to document the religious cult of the various civilisation which have flourished in other continents over an enormous span of time, from centuries before the coming of Christ right up to our times.
	www.roma2000.it /zmusvat.html (1075 words)

	Pope names longtime aide Vatican No. 2 - Boston.com
		Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone of Italy, a longtime aide to Pope Benedict XVI and the first major church official to speak out against "The Da Vinci Code," was appointed Thursday as secretary of state, the Vatican's No. 2 official.
		VATICAN CITY --Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone of Italy, a longtime aide to Pope Benedict XVI and the first major church official to speak out against "The Da Vinci Code," was appointed Thursday as secretary of state, the Vatican's No. 2 official.
		The Vatican said Benedict accepted the resignation of Cardinal Angelo Sodano, an Italian who has held the post of secretary of state for 15 years and at 78 is three years past the normal Vatican retirement age.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/06/22/pope_names_longtime_aide_vatican_no_2 (273 words)

	[No title]
		Sodano, the Vatican's secretary of state, is 77, already two years past the normal retirement age for Vatican officials.
		The Vatican also said the pope confirmed the Holy See's foreign minister, Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo of Italy, as well as the undersecretary of state, Archbishop Leonardo Sandri of Argentina, who had become John Paul's official voice when the late pontiff could no longer speak.
		He also stressed he would draw on the work of the Second Vatican Council, the 1962-65 meeting that modernized the church, an issue important to liberals who are wary of Benedict from his time as the powerful enforcer of church doctrine.
	www.firstcoastnews.com /news/news-article.aspx?storyid=35888 (1177 words)

	Vatican. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Since the so-called Roman Question was ended by the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between Pope Pius XI and King Victor Emmanuel III (negotiated by Cardinal Gasparri and Mussolini), the Vatican City has been an independent state (108.7 acres/44 hectares), with the pope as its absolute ruler.
		The papal court long had all the characteristics of a royal court, such as elaborate rituals and uniforms, and complex rules of precedence; however, since the reign of Pope John XXIII (1958–63) and the Second Vatican Council, many of the Vatican ceremonies have been greatly simplified.
		The principal chapel in the Vatican is the Sistine Chapel, the ceiling of which was painted (1508–12) by Michelangelo.
	www.bartleby.com /65/va/Vatican.html (1108 words)

	lupoleboucher: Vatican-2
		The actual liturgical reforms specified by the Vatican II documents are minimal, and do not include the current form of the liturgy, which came later.
		The big deal in Vatican II for the long run is the stuff on ecumenism, and to a lesser extent, the stuff on not being unusually mean to Jews.
		The Vatican II documents as a whole are surprisingly conservative: it's overall more of a reaction against the things that have been going on in the West for the past three hundred years or so.
	lupoleboucher.livejournal.com /27588.html (3727 words)

	WVA News: Vatican No. 2 addresses resignation - - The Intelligencer/Wheeling News-Register
		The tributes were testimony to the special regard much of the world holds for the pope, among both Catholics and non-Catholics, as well as to the widespread concern for his health.
		A U.S. religious affairs magazine, Inside the Vatican, reported that when John Paul was rushed to the hospital Feb. 1, he was gasping for breath and wracked with coughing fits and would have died within 10 minutes if not hospitalized.
		Asked about the report, a Vatican official said the situation was "serious, very serious'' when John Paul was taken to the hospital at 10:50 p.m.
	www.oweb.com /inter/story/028202005_intPope.asp (864 words)

	Pius IX Vatican I
		Most reverend fathers, is it your pleasure that the next session of the holy ecumenical Vatican council should be held on the feast of the Epiphany of the Lord, that is 6 January 1870?
		Now this redemptive providence appears very clearly in unnumbered benefits, but most especially is it manifested in the advantages which have been secured for the Christian world by ecumenical councils, among which the Council of Trent requires special mention, celebrated though it was in evil days.
		Given at Rome in public session, solemnly held in the Vatican Basilica in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, on the eighteenth day of July, in the twenty-fifth year of Our Pontificate.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/V1.HTM (5725 words)

	What does the word Vatican mean?
		In the fourteenth century, when the papacy was returned to Rome from Avignon (France), the present-day Vatican became the residence of the popes, and the word came to refer to the enclave in the middle of Rome that had become the seat of the Roman Catholic Church.
		The Vatican City is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, and since the Lateran Concordat of 1929 it is also an independent country, the epitome of Church and State combined.
		The Vatican (STATO DELLA CITTÁ DEL VATICANO), which means City-State of prophecy, is the woman of Revelation 17, Jezebel, the apostate harlot, the mother universal church, the persecutor of the saints that sits on seven hills in Rome and claims authority over the kings of the earth.
	www.biblelight.net /vatican.htm (11034 words)

	USATODAY.com - Vatican's No. 2 official is named dean of the College of Cardinals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		VATICAN CITY (AP) — The Vatican's No. 2 official, Cardinal Angelo Sodano, has been named dean of the College of Cardinals, the powerful position held by Pope Benedict XVI before his election as pope.
		The Vatican said Saturday that the pope had given approval to Sodano's appointment, which was made by the cardinals.
		The dean of the College of Cardinals has a prominent role inside the Vatican, and one that becomes especially important after the death of a pope.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-04-30-pope-dean_x.htm (421 words)

	First Vatican Council
		The First Vatican Council, the 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church, is best known for its decree affirming the doctrine of papal Infallibility.
		The First Vatican Council, convened by Pope Pius IX in Rome, is reckoned by Roman Catholics to be the twentieth ecumenical church council.
		Vatican I sought to define authoritatively the church's doctrine concerning the faith and the church, especially in response to new challenges from secular philosophical and political movements and theological liberalism.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/firstvc.htm (7896 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At the regular Sundays Audience in the Vatican, Pope John Paul II, on Sunday March 9, 1997 criticized Israel for its decision to build houses in East Jerusalem.
		...The Holy See's (the Vatican) attitude with regard to the territorial situation of Jerusalem is necessarily the same as that of the international community.
		The latter could be summarized as follows: the part of the city militarily occupied in 1967 and annexed and declared the capital of the state of Israel,IS OCCUPIED TERRITORIES, and all Israeli measures which exceed the power of a belligerent occupant under international law are therefore null and void.
	www.al-bushra.org /vatican/criticise.htm (483 words)

	Vatican Protocol after a Pope's death
		All of these aides will be allowed to remain in their own quarters at the Vatican until the Pope's funeral; then they too will be dismissed.
		Thus vested, the Pope's body will be brought to the Vatican basilica, in a procession that will form in the Clementine hall of the apostolic palace and proceed out through the Bronze Door, through St. Peter's Square, into the basilica.
		All of the flags at the Vatican, and at the offices of papal nuncios throughout the world, will be a half-mast throughout the interregnum.
	www.lifesite.net /ldn/2005/apr/05040206.html (880 words)

	Vatican 2. Council - new Church - modernization - dynamic and progressive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Vatican 2 can be described as a turning point in the history of the Catholic Church.
		Putting it differently, if we would call ourselves Catholic we must be sure that we are in the Church which Christ founded, and that this Church has faithfully retained the original 'deposit of faith' given over to it by Christ and the Apostles.
		No one disputes the fact that after Vatican 2, the Catholic Church was different.
	www.wandea.org.pl /2-vatican-council.htm (1014 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION > Vatican No. 2 addresses sensitive question of papal resignation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Meanwhile, a US religious affairs magazine, Inside the Vatican, reported that when John Paul was rushed to the hospital, he was gasping for breath and wracked with coughing fits and would have died within 10 minutes if not hospitalized.
		The Vatican’s next medical bulletin on the Pope’s health is scheduled for Thursday.
		Hard to miss was a nearly 2-meter-tall arrangement of roses in yellow and white, the official colors of the Vatican, sent by the Libyan Embassy.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2005/feb/09/yehey/opinion/20050209opi6.html (724 words)

	traditionalists
		Submission to Vatican II Fourth, we do not as traditional Catholics impugn the legitimacy of the ecumenical councils.
		Rather, we recognize and submit to the teachings of all of the Church's ecumenical councils, including the Second Vatican Council.
		Therefore, even when a matter raised in an ecumenical council is not definitively settled, as in the case of some of the Second Vatican Council's teachings - we recognize that the truth of a doctrine does not depend upon the express invocation of infallibility, but rather infallibility is intrinsic to an ecumenical council.
	matt1618.freeyellow.com /traditionalists.html (1272 words)

	Catholic Answers Forums - Vatican 2, pre Vatican 2
		If Vatican II was condemned, it would be like shooting ourselves in the foot.
		As I recall, the first Vatican Councils mandates got taken seriously pretty quickly, even though there was a lot of spirited opposition to them by a large number of the Cardinals and Bishops involved.
		If Vatican II was at odds with previous councils, then who's to say that the next council won't be even more liberal.
	forums.catholic.com /showthread.php?t=112034&goto=newpost (5589 words)

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