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| | Japanese Zen Buddhist Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) |
 | | Accordingly, Zen demands the practitioner to overcome the dualism operative in the everyday standpoint, which it speaks of by using the phase “not two.” This is Zen's proclivity to favor the simple and the concrete, as it is not expressed as a negation of dualism. |
 | | Zen questions this standpoint when it is used as the paradigm for daily living, including philosophical thinking, for this standpoint accepts as its foundation an individual's discrete “I” with a belief that “I” am self-contained and self-sufficient and, therefore, am distinguished and isolated from other individuals and things of nature. |
 | | Zen's observation is that each of the polar terms is non-dualistically related to each of the other polar terms such that they are connected with, interdependent on, and relative to, each other for their meaning. |
| plato.stanford.edu /entries/japanese-zen (8101 words) |
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