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Topic: Zygomycota

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Mycorrhiza

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Homobasidiomycetidae

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Deuteromycota

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	Zygomycota - MicrobeWiki
		Zygomycota are commonly thought of as bread molds, but there are many species of fungi within this classification that form symbiotic relationships with plants or infect animal hosts.
		Zygomycota is a classification that encompasses many different species with very different genome structures.
		In Zygomycota, sexual reproduction is the fusion of undifferentiated isogametangia or anisogametangia.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Zygomycota (875 words)

	Zygomycota
		Zygomycota are thought to have a zygotic or haplontic life cycle (Figure 4).
		Zygomycota are heterotrophic and typically grow inside their food, dissolving the substrate with extracellular enzymes, and taking up nutrients by absorption rather than by phagocytosis, as observed in many protists.
		Zygomycota are thought to have diverged from the remaining fungi before the colonization of land by plants 600-1,400 million years ago (Berbee and Taylor 2001; Heckman et al.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Zygomycota (3177 words)

	Botany 201 Laboratory, Zygomycota
		The Zygomycota is thought to be the most primitive of the terrestrial fungi.
		For this reason the Zygomycota were once thought to be closely related to the aquatic fungi.
		However, cell wall composition is chitin-chitosan and flagellated spores and gametes are absent in this division as well as in the remaining taxa of terrestrial fungi.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/Bot201/Zygomycota/Zygomycota.htm (515 words)

	ZYGOMYCOTA
		Mainly, the Zygomycota and the rest of the fungi never produce flagella at any stage in their life history.
		More recently, further molecular evidence (see Tudge, 2000 and Patterson, 1999 for a synopsis) has confirmed their position near the root of the fungi [see also Lang, The Fungal Mitochondrial Genome Project], which is part of a larger clade called the opisthokonts, a group that includes the choanoflagellates and the metazoans (Patterson, 1999).
		Margulis and Schwartz (1998) still maintain that the fungi are a kingdom of conjugating taxa, and, therefore, include the zygomycota.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Fungi/zygomycota.htm (781 words)

	New Page 1
		Most of the Zygomycota live on decaying plant or animal matter in the soil but some are parasites on plants, insects or small soil animals.
		There are approximately 750 described species of Zygomycota.
		The term "Zygomycota" refers to the chief characteristic of the division; the production of sexual resting spores called “zygospores”.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/16labman05/lb2pg8.htm (488 words)

	SparkNotes: Fungi: Zygomycota: The Conjugation Fungi
		The identifying characteristics of the Zygomycota are the formation of a zygospore during sexual reproduction and the lack of hyphal cell walls except in reproductive structures.
		The mycelia of Zygomycota are divided into three types of hyphae.
		Asexual reproduction in Zygomycota is similar to that in other types of fungi, while sexual reproduction bears some similarity to that in Ascomycota.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/microorganisms/fungi/section3.rhtml (330 words)

	Zygomycota: Mycology
		Jochpilze (Zygomycota) - Aufbau, Ernährung, Verbreitung, Fortpflanzung, Systematik.
		Zygomycota - A description, and a diagram of the life cycle of this bread mold.
		Zygomycota - This group of fungi produces a thick-walled resting spore called a zygospore.
	www.infochembio.ethz.ch /links/en/mykologie_zygomycota.html (66 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Loss of the flagellum happened only once in the fungal lineage: phylogenetic structure of ...
		As regards the monophyly of Zygomycota, the less likely alternative hypothesis of Glomales being sister to Dikaryomycota and the Zygomycota being paraphyletic was not rejected (Table 2, Figure 3).
		The unifying characteristics of Zygomycota are: mostly coenocytic hyphae (lacking regular septation), formation of highly resistant zygotes by the fusion of gametangia, and the absence of flagellated cells and centrioles [5].
		Benny GL, Humber RA, Morton JB: Zygomycota: Zygomycetes.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/74 (6763 words)

	Best of the Web - What's New in Science For 2/16/2006
		Overview of the Zygomycota - Presents an outline of this fungi group.
		Zygomycota and Fungi Imperfecti - Presents information on evolution, distribution and habitat.
		Biological Control Pathogens Zygomycota - Information on member species that are important regulators of insect populations.
	botw.org /new/Science/02162006.cfm (585 words)

	Introduction
		The Zygomycota are classified together due to their lack of cross walls, except for cross walls that separate reproductive structures from the rest of the organism.
		The clade on the left represents the protochtista phylum Rhodophyta; the clade in the middle represents the four phyla of the Kingdom Fungi; Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Oomycota, and Basidiomycota; and the clade on the right represents the protochtista phylum Chytridiomycota.
		The phyla Rhodophyta, Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota and Oomycota were chosen and then analyzed according to their evolutionary lineage.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Journal/vol6/number3/ROMANOVS.htm (1860 words)

	Zygomycota— sexual spores are thick walled resting spores called zygospores --asexual spores are borne internally in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zygomycota— sexual spores are thick walled resting spores called zygospores --asexual spores are borne internally in a sporangium
		Most are saprophytic, but there are many that can act as plant and human pathogens.
		One group of Zygomycota, the Glomales, form endomycorrhizae with about 70% of the world’s plants
	www.uwlax.edu /biology/volk/fungi3/sld041.htm (66 words)

	CHAP 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Chapter 1, we noted that the Glomeromycota were associated with the earliest land plants (Schuessler, Schwarzott and Walker, 2001) and are still associated with the vast majority of plants today.
		This has revealed that some non-motile fungi, previously assigned to the Zygomycota, are closely related to the Chytridiomycota and must be reassigned.
		The status of Zygomycota (as currently defined after excluding the Glomeromycota) is still unclear.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/chap2.htm (510 words)

	Teaching the Fungal Tree of Life-Home
		Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are more closely related to one another than either is to Zygomycota or Chytridiomycota.
		Or you could say that all of the Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes share a common ancester that is not shared with the other groups.
		The branches leading to Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota are dashed to show that there is more than one lineage in these groups.
	www.clarku.edu /faculty/dhibbett/TFTOL/content/1introprogress.html (893 words)

	Fungus Lab Review
		A micrograph of Rhizopus showing the characteristic mode of asexual reproduction for the Zygomycota.
		A micrograph of Rhizopus showing the characteristic mode of sexual reproduction for the Zygomycota.
		Note the zygosporangium which is the product of sexual reproduction in the Zygomycota.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /nlc_biology/1411/lab/Fungus_Lab_Review.htm (269 words)

	BIO 12 STUDY QUESTIONS
		7.For the Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, the name of the Division/Phylum is derived from the name of the sexual reproductive structures.
		Describe where plasmogamy and karyogamy occur in the D/P Myxomycota, Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.
		Explain what structures are involved in this process in the D/P Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, deuteromycetes, and lichens.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/R/reihmanm/b12st2a.htm (704 words)

	Chapter 3b Zygomycota
		Bottom centre (D) is a developing zygosporangium of Trichozygospora, and bottom right (E) a released, mature zygosporangium with a collar and a bunch of hair-like appendages below it.
		These soil-inhabiting fungi were placed in the Zygomycota until very recently, albeit rather tentatively, since they do not reproduce sexually.
		Nevertheless, they are extremely important, because their hyphae enter the living root cells of perhaps 90% of all higher plants and establish with them obligate mutualistic symbioses called arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or endomycorrhizae.
	www.mycolog.com /CHAP3b.htm (2817 words)

	Zygomycota - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ZYGOMYCOTA [Zygomycota], a phylum of the kingdom Fungi.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Zygomycota" at HighBeam.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ix1-z1ygomyc.html (175 words)

	Molecular Phylogeny of Parasitic Zygomycota (Dimargaritales, Zoopagales) Based on Nuclear
		This is a selected list of recent and other significant references dealing with basidiomycete phylogeny.
		Relationships of the insect-pathogenic order Entomophtorales (Zygomycota, Fungi) based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (SSU rDNA).
		Phylogenetic relationships among the Harpellales (Trichomycetes) and Kickxellales (Zygomycetes), two orders of Zygomycota that form regularly septate hyphae.
	www.biology.duke.edu /fungi/phylogeny/references.html (1535 words)

	Bread Moulds (Zygomycota) - MavicaNET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Conjugating Fungi Introduction with images, life span figures and references.
		Learn more about rhizopus and how to cultivate it.
		Zygomycota - The Fifth Kingdom, Conjugating Fungi - English
	www.mavicanet.com /directory/eng/6778.html (135 words)

	SparkNotes: Fungi: Problems
		Problem 3.3: Name the three basic types of hyphae found in zygomycota.
		Problem 3.4: How are the sexual reproductive cycles of zygomycota and ascomycota similar.
		Let SparkNotes Physics Study Cards exercise your mind without cramping your style.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/microorganisms/fungi/problems3.rhtml (98 words)

	Zygomycota and Fungi Imperfecti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Here I will talk about the general properties of the taxonomic group.
		Ecological Roles - how do Zygomycota impact on the environment ecology-wise?
		Humans and Zygomycota - impacts on human society
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/p/h/phd108 (75 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
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		Draw and label the life cycle of a typical fungus in Division Zygomycota.
		To complete your diagram, examine the plates and slides (40x objective) of Rhizopus.
	studentweb.tulane.edu /~cgabler/lab7-wksht.doc (390 words)

	Jens H. Petersens systematic overview, Zygomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This outline of the Zygomycota is largely derived from Ainsworth, G.C., F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman (eds.) : The Fungi, 1973.
		It is thus not a very modern system, but as far as I know, nobody has since published a coherent system to the Zygomycota.
		Link to a site with comments on the genus:
	www.mycokey.com /AU/Systematics/SystematicsZygo.html (105 words)

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